CN1073385C - 膨胀烟叶的方法 - Google Patents
膨胀烟叶的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
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Abstract
为了引起膨胀而对烟草进行处理，处理方法包括下述步骤：在处理舱中让烟草经受减压处理，舱内压力不超过7kPa；用温度介于70至100℃之间异戊烷蒸汽浸渍烟叶的孔隙结构，并且在至少400kPa的压力下保持烟叶与异戊烷蒸汽接触；从处理舱中除去过量的异戊烷蒸汽；让异戊烷浸渍的烟叶与水蒸汽接触，以使烟叶的孔隙结构膨胀；以至少10kPa/min的速度，优先以30kPa/min的速度，降低处理舱内的压力；然后接通大气。使处理舱内压力回升至大气压。按照这种方法处理的烟叶最终的填充值直接与继水蒸汽处理烟叶之后处理舱内压力下降速度成正比。
Description
本发明涉及烟叶的处理方法。更具体地说，本发明涉及使烟叶膨胀增大烟叶填充容量的方法。
烟叶在收割后要进行熟化处理。由于在熟化处理期间失去水分，叶片可不定地收缩。在烟草工业中惯用的方法是借助增大填充容量处理使制造雪茄或卷烟用的熟烟的收缩量得以复原。人们通常认为以这种方式处理烟叶可以使熟烟叶的微孔结构膨胀到与熟化前在叶片中发现的微孔结构相似的状态。
现在有许多适合增大烟叶容填充量的方法。这些方法在烟草工业中广泛应用，以使产品在熟化后复原。本发明以下述发现为基础，即填充烟草的膨胀水平类似于并稍优于借助惯用的膨胀工艺所达到的水平，因此在精确控制的工艺中采用异戊烷作为蒸气态的膨胀介质能够实现复原。
因此，本发明提供了一种处理烟叶的方法，该方法包括一系列步骤：
(1)在一个舱室中对烟叶进行减压处理，该压力不高于70mbar(7kPa)；
(2)将温度在70℃至100℃范围内的异戊烷蒸气引入该舱室，并且使烟叶在至少4bar(400kPa)的压力下与异戊烷蒸气接触以使异戊烷蒸气浸渍烟叶结构；
(3)在不破坏烟叶的微孔结构的条件下，通过舱室减压排出过量的异戊烷蒸气；
(4)使浸渍的烟叶与水蒸气接触以使烟叶膨胀；
(5)以至少100mbar/min.(10kPa/min.)的速度降低舱内压力；以及
(6)接通大气，使舱内压力恢复到大气压力。
按照本发明的方法处理的烟叶通常将呈整片熟烟叶经捶击、抽打或切片后获得的一片片熟烟叶的形态。烟叶还可以呈整片烟叶切成的条形，或者是碎叶。待处理的烟叶通常是成篮地码在处理舱内。
按照本发明，熟烟要进行减压处理，该压力不高于70mbar(7kPa)，即将舱内压力降到70mbar或更低的压力。借助这种处理将处理舱内的空气、在烟叶叶片之间空隙内存留的空气或在微孔结构内残留的空气除掉，这些空气不除掉将会干扰后继的异戊烷蒸气浸渍微孔结构。压力高于70mbar不足以除去锁闭在烟叶中的空气，因而有损于后继的异戊烷蒸气浸渍的烟叶微孔结构。舱内压力优选被降到25mbar(2.5kPa)以下，更优选被降到10mbar(1kPa)左右，以便从烟叶结构内除去空气，使异戊烷蒸气在该方法的下一阶段中获得最佳的替代效果。然后，用泵将异戊烷蒸气送入处理舱。在本发明中重要的是不允许液态的异戊烷进入处理舱。所以，储存在处理舱外面的液态异戊烷通过汽化器变成温度介于70℃至100℃之间的异戊烷蒸气，然后注入处理舱，与烟叶接触。由于异戊烷是高挥发性的易燃溶剂，所以必须认真对待该方法和回收系统的工程设计。尽管与舱内的烟叶接触时异戊烷蒸气的温度可能被降到60℃至80℃，但是异戊烷蒸气进舱时的温度应在70℃至100℃范围内。温度高于100℃的异戊烷蒸气不应当引入该处理舱，因为它有损于后继的水蒸气膨胀处理而且使烟叶不能达到充分膨胀。此外，如果汽化器调整后产生温度低于70℃的异戊烷蒸汽，就会有液态异戊烷通过并进入处理舱的风险。进入舱室时温度低于70℃的异戊烷蒸汽可能被舱室内的物品冷却到凝聚的程度。允许液态异戊烷进入处理舱的后果是干扰该方法。首先，出现在舱内的任何液态异戊烷都将因蒸发而消耗系统的能量。其次，回收过量的异戊烷所需要的能量也将增加。
浸渍烟叶微孔的异戊烷的量由处理舱中形成的异戊烷蒸汽压控制。将异戊烷蒸汽注入舱室，直至舱内压力至少达到4000mbar(400kPa)为止，优选达到5200mbar(520kPa)。当达到这个压力值时，密闭该舱室，此后舱内压力可能随着异戊烷蒸汽的温度继续上升而继续升高。然后，在压力至少为4000mbar(400kPa)、温度通常在60℃至80℃之间的条件下，保持烟叶与异戊烷蒸汽接触，以允许异戊烷完全浸渍烟叶微孔。我们已经发现保持烟叶与这种高压异戊烷蒸汽接触30分钟以上可以使烟叶的膨胀达到良好的水平。优先的是在该在用压力下保持烟叶与异戊烷蒸汽40至50分钟。这个时间周期允许异戊烷蒸汽浸渍烟叶结构。
这个时间周期一过，就尽可能快地降低舱内压力，优选将压力降到1000至1500mbar(100至150kPa)范围内，借此将所有过量的异戊烷蒸汽排出，而且不对烟叶的微孔结构造成任何严重破损。在本方法的这个阶段微孔结构发生严重破损将是灾难性的，因为后继的烟叶膨胀将受到损害，甚至被阻止。我们发现这个减压过程可以用10至20分钟完成，通常用大约15分钟。
在完成了上述的舱室减压之后，立即将水蒸气引入舱室。借助烟叶与水蒸气接触使饱含异戊烷的烟叶的温度迅速上升。作为这种温升的结果，束缚在烟叶微孔结构内的异戊烷体积增大，引起烟叶的微孔结构膨胀。由于水蒸气的引入，使舱内压力升高，该压力通常不高于3000mbar(300kPa)，优选将舱内压力升高到2200至3000mbar(220至300kPa)范围内。为了实现有效的膨胀需要烟叶内的快速升温。
在引入水蒸气时应当小心谨慎，不要在舱室内引起可避免的扰动，因为这种扰动对烟叶膨胀具有不利的影响。在引入水蒸气期间当舱内压力达到上述压力范围时就不再继续引入水蒸气。水蒸气和在烟叶膨胀期间从烟叶微孔结构中逸出的异戊烷蒸汽从舱室抽出，送入工厂的冷凝设备。这种设备由有冷却水通过的冷凝器组成。冷凝器效率既影响水蒸气和异戊烷蒸汽冷凝速度，也影响舱内压力的下降速度。而冷凝器单元的效率是可以改变的，例如借助改变流过该单元的冷却水的温度或流速都可以改变该效率。因此，借助控制水蒸气和异戊烷蒸汽在冷凝器单元中的冷凝速度来控制舱内压力的变化速度是可能的。本发明是以下述发现为基础的，即经过处理的烟叶的填充值取决于微孔结构的膨胀，在本方法中该填充值可以在这个阶段借助控制舱内压力的变化速度来控制。在研究范围内用本方法处理的烟叶获得的填充值与这个阶段中舱内压力变化速度之间的关系似乎是线性的。我们已经发现，为了获得令人满意的填充值，压力变化速度应当至少是100mbar/min.(10kPa/min.)。但是，为了获得高填充值，我们将操作该系统使压力变化速度至少为300mbar/min.(30kPa/min.)，并且最优选高于400mbar/min.(40kPa/min.)。在本发明的这个阶段压力被降到大约100至300mbar(10至30kPa)，在这个时刻使舱室与系统隔绝并允许空气缓慢地进入，使压力回升到大气压。
这样处理的烟叶在从处理舱中取出后可以用风力输送，并且如果需要还可以以通常的方式共混，以便象需要的那样生产雪茄或卷烟。风力输送从烟叶中除去热量，借此固定已实现的膨胀。为此，在本发明的方法中补充一个风力输送经过处理的烟叶的步骤，以形成优先的实施方案。
为了测量下述实施例中介绍的经过熟化、捶击的雪茄烟叶产品的填充值，使用填充值测量装置，该装置由64mm的活塞缸和滑入该活塞缸的直径为63mm的活塞组成。在活塞侧面有刻度。对活塞施加压力并且以毫米为单位确定给定重量(14.18g)的烟叶的体积。试验已经表明这个装置将精确地确定给定数量的经过捶击的雪茄烟叶的填充值，并且有良好的重现性。在所有的实施例中活塞施加给烟叶的压力都是12.8kPa，施力时间为10分钟，在这个时刻读出填充值。烟叶的水分含量影响用这种方法确定的填充值，所以可比的填充值是在水分含量相似的条件下获得的。
实施例1
将包含14％水分填充值为5cc/g的150kg经过熟化和捶击的雪茄烟叶在篮子里码好，并按本发明的方法在处理舱内进行处理。处理舱内的压力被降到大约25mbar(大约2.5kPa)，然后将温度介于70至100℃之间的异戊烷蒸汽泵入该舱室，使舱内压力升高，直至压力达到4.3bar(430kPa)以上为止。
接下来使烟叶与异戊烷蒸汽保持接触30分钟。然后，用大约15分钟时间使舱内压力降到大约1.4bar(140kPa)，将所有过量的异戊烷蒸汽从舱内排出。然后将水蒸气引入该舱室，直至舱内压力达到大约3bar(300kPa)为止。达到这个压力花费大约2分钟时间。此后，将水蒸气和异戊烷蒸汽从舱内抽出送往冷凝器，使舱内压力以150mbar/min.(15kPa/min.)的速度下降。在压力降到大约200mbar(20kPa)时允许空气进入该舱室，使压力回升到大气压。处理舱内压力值的变化示于图1。
从处理舱取出经过处理的烟叶后，测出它最终的填充值，该值为7.4cc/g。
实施例2
除了在水蒸气引入舱室之后舱内压力下降速度为450mbar/min.(45kPa/min.)之外，重复实施例1的程序处理另一个同样的未经处理的烟叶样品。在这个实施例中处理舱内压力值变化用图2表示。从处理舱取出经过处理的烟叶后测出它最终的填充值，该值为8.2cc/g。
实施例3
研究了按本发明处理的烟叶最终的填充值与在水蒸气处理饱含异戊烷的烟叶之后处理舱内压力下降速度之间的关系。这项研究是借助多次重复实施例1的程序来完成的，但是在每个重复试验中在水蒸气处理饱含异戊烷的烟叶之后采用不同的速度降低处理舱内的压力。逐个改变压力下降速度的方法是改变从处理舱抽出的水蒸气和异戊烷蒸汽混合物在所用装置的冷凝器单元中的冷凝速度。借助提高冷凝器单元的效率，可以增加处理舱内压力变化速度。
在完成这些试验时每次试验在四个级别的冷凝器效率中选用一种。这四个级别列于下表。
| 效率级别(递降) | 方法 |
| 1(最高) | 从过量的异戊烷排出阶段结束到减压阶段结束充分冷却的水通过冷凝器循环 |
| 2 | 在减压阶段自始至终都有冷却水通过冷凝器循环 |
| 3 | 当处理舱内压力变化速度降到267mbar/min.时冷却水通过冷凝器循环 |
| 4 | 当处理舱内压力变化速度降到133mbar/min.时冷却水通过冷凝器循环 |
在减压阶段压力的变化速度是利用每次试验中监测并记录的压力随时间的变化曲线确定的。这些试验的结果列于下表。
| 试验序号 | 效率级别 | 压力变化速度(mbar/min.) | (总)平均填无值 |
| 1 | 1 | 313 | 7.77 |
| 2 | 1 | 633 | 8.41 |
| 3 | 2 | 520 | 7.73 |
| 4 | 2 | 450 | 7.38 |
| 5 | 3 | 317 | 7.93 |
| 6 | 3 | 343 | 7.93 |
| 7 | 1 | 375 | 8.05 |
| 8 | 1 | 303 | 7.52 |
| 9 | 1 | 303 | 7.75 |
| 10 | 2 | 400 | 8.54 |
| 11 | 2 | 400 | 7.94 |
| 12 | 3 | 280 | 7.43 |
| 13 | 3 | 287 | 7.73 |
| 14 | 4 | 202 | 7.73 |
| 15 | 4 | 216 | 7.67 |
| 16 | 4 | 150 | 6.92 |
| 17 | 4 | 134 | 7.32 |
| 18 | 4 | 165 | 6.75 |
| 19 | 4 | 211 | 7.89 |
| 20 | 4 | 156 | 7.32 |
| 21 | 4 | 205 | 7.27 |
| 22 | 4 | 213 | 7.49 |
用获得的总平均填充值与在残压阶段使用的压力变化速度作图，并通过这些数值点画出最佳的拟合曲线。这条曲线示于图3。根据获得的结果和图3所示的最佳拟合曲线，经过处理的烟叶的填充值(FV)与在烟叶的水蒸气处理之后的舱内压力变化速度(RCP)相关，其相关关系用下式描述：
FV=2.221×10-3×RCP+6.997
Claims (5)
1．一种处理烟叶的方法，该方法包括一系列步骤：
(1)在一个舱室中对烟叶进行减压处理，该压力不高于70mbar(7kPa)；
(2)将温度在70℃至100℃范围内的异戊烷蒸气引入该舱室，并且使烟叶在至少4bar(400kPa)的压力下与异戊烷蒸气接触，使异戊烷蒸气浸渍烟叶结构；
(3)在不破坏烟叶的微孔结构的条件下，通过舱室减压排出过量的异戊烷蒸气；
(4)使浸渍的烟叶与水蒸气接触以使烟叶膨胀；
(5)以至少100mbar/min.(10kPa/min.)的速度降低舱内压力；以及
(6)接通大气，使舱内压力恢复到大气压力。
2．根据权利要求1的方法，其中烟叶在步骤(1)中承受的低压低于25mbar(2.5kPa)。
3．根据权利要求1或2中任何一项的方法，其中烟叶在步骤(2)中在4000至5200mbar(400至520kPa)的压力范围内与异戊烷蒸气接触至少30分钟。
4．根据权利要求1至3中任何一项的方法，其中水蒸气在步骤(4)中被引入舱室以使压力升高到2200至3000mbar(220至300kPa)。
5．根据权利要求4的方法，其中在该方法的步骤(5)中压力变化的速度至少是300mbar/min.(30kPa/min.)。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9602575.4 | 1996-02-08 | ||
| GBGB9602575.4A GB9602575D0 (en) | 1996-02-08 | 1996-02-08 | A process for treatment of tobacco |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1210449A CN1210449A (zh) | 1999-03-10 |
| CN1073385C true CN1073385C (zh) | 2001-10-24 |
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| US (1) | US6125855A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0878999B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP3763850B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR100498685B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1073385C (zh) |
| AP (1) | AP798A (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE210391T1 (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU701359B2 (zh) |
| BG (1) | BG63860B1 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR9707270A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2243996C (zh) |
| CZ (1) | CZ287820B6 (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE69709060T2 (zh) |
| DK (1) | DK0878999T3 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2165579T3 (zh) |
| GB (2) | GB9602575D0 (zh) |
| HK (1) | HK1018386A1 (zh) |
| HU (1) | HU224724B1 (zh) |
| MY (1) | MY117455A (zh) |
| NZ (1) | NZ331077A (zh) |
| PL (1) | PL183650B1 (zh) |
| PT (1) | PT878999E (zh) |
| RO (1) | RO119220B1 (zh) |
| RU (1) | RU2141781C1 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO1997028706A1 (zh) |
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| US9423152B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-08-23 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Heating control arrangement for an electronic smoking article and associated system and method |
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| US20150224268A1 (en) | 2014-02-07 | 2015-08-13 | R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Charging Accessory Device for an Aerosol Delivery Device and Related System, Method, Apparatus, and Computer Program Product for Providing Interactive Services for Aerosol Delivery Devices |
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| CN107242604A (zh) * | 2017-06-06 | 2017-10-13 | 倪克平 | 烟丝膨胀加工工艺 |
| EP3823480B1 (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2022-09-07 | Sluis Cigar Machinery B.V. | System for processing device parts of simulated smoking devices |
| US20210015171A1 (en) | 2019-07-18 | 2021-01-21 | R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Thermal energy absorbers for tobacco heating products |
| CN110973684A (zh) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-04-10 | 北京航天试验技术研究所 | 一种烟丝膨胀剂和烟丝膨胀方法 |
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- 1997-02-04 AU AU16101/97A patent/AU701359B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-02-04 PL PL97328976A patent/PL183650B1/pl unknown
- 1997-02-04 AP APAP/P/1998/001314A patent/AP798A/en active
- 1997-02-04 EP EP97902458A patent/EP0878999B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-02-04 DE DE69709060T patent/DE69709060T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-02-04 ES ES97902458T patent/ES2165579T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-02-04 NZ NZ331077A patent/NZ331077A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-02-04 RO RO98-01268A patent/RO119220B1/ro unknown
- 1997-02-04 CZ CZ19982485A patent/CZ287820B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-02-04 HU HU9900780A patent/HU224724B1/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-02-04 KR KR10-1998-0706107A patent/KR100498685B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-02-04 AT AT97902458T patent/ATE210391T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-02-04 JP JP52826797A patent/JP3763850B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1997-02-04 WO PCT/GB1997/000304 patent/WO1997028706A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-02-04 PT PT97902458T patent/PT878999E/pt unknown
- 1997-02-04 DK DK97902458T patent/DK0878999T3/da active
- 1997-02-04 CA CA002243996A patent/CA2243996C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-02-04 CN CN97192135A patent/CN1073385C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
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