CN107338093A - 一种沼气燃料直喷发动机用组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种沼气燃料直喷发动机用组合物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107338093A
CN107338093A CN201710476060.4A CN201710476060A CN107338093A CN 107338093 A CN107338093 A CN 107338093A CN 201710476060 A CN201710476060 A CN 201710476060A CN 107338093 A CN107338093 A CN 107338093A
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fuel
injection engine
biogas
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engine composition
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李胜
黄福川
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Nanning University
Nanning Institute
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种沼气燃料直喷发动机用组合物及制备方法。采用蓖麻基癸二酸聚乙二醇酯和聚α‑烯烃作为基础油，添加补强剂、清净剂等多种复合添加剂。该组合物主要用于以沼气为燃料的直喷发动机，具有优良的粘温特性、油膜强度大，能有效降低沼气燃料直喷发动机在长时间使用下积炭、漆膜的生成；同时具有良好的抗磨、抗剪切和减摩防腐性能，防止直喷发动机运行时的异常磨损和轴瓦腐蚀，延长发动机使用寿命。

Description

一种沼气燃料直喷发动机用组合物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及发动机润滑油技术领域，尤其是一种沼气燃料直喷发动机用组合物及其制备方法润滑油。
背景技术
直喷发动机工作原理是将燃料喷嘴安装于气缸内，直接将燃料喷入气缸内与进气混合，喷射压力进一步得到提高的发动机，从而使得燃料能在气缸内充分的混合，使得燃料经济性得到提高。但由于直喷发动机燃料直接探入气缸，故在进气道和节气门等部位更为容易形成积炭。而以沼气为燃料，沼气中含有少量的碳、硅固体颗粒物容易加大进气道和节气门等部位积炭。
润滑油具有清洁作用，发动机工作中产生的炭粒或其它杂质可通过润滑油送到油壳中，再通过机油过滤清器时，把赃物截留在滤清器中，从而保持发动机机件清洁及正常运转，而润滑油粘度越小，循环越快，清洁效果越好，可以显著防止积碳现象出现。但一般情况润滑油粘度越小，在高温剪切的状态下，机油膜容易破裂，造成发动机表面有部分金属与部分金属直接接触，加大了发动机摩擦。利用沼气作为燃料也含有大量具有阻燃作用的二氧化碳，导致沼气燃烧速度慢，使发动机后燃严重，排气温度高，加快发动机磨损率，同时沼气中还含有少了硫化氢导致燃烧时形成硫化物直接腐蚀发动机零部件。所以，使用沼气作为燃料的直喷发动机，对于润滑剂抗腐蚀性、抗磨性、清净性及稳定性要求相对于普通燃油或燃气发动机高。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的上述技术问题，本发明提供一种沼气燃料直喷发动机用组合物及其制备方法。
本发明的目的之一是提供沼气燃料直喷发动机用组合物，各组分质量百分数为：抗氧剂2.0％～2.2％，抗氧防腐剂1.3％～1.8％，清净剂10.0％～10.5％，分散剂6.0％～8.0％，金属减活剂0.5％～1.0％，防锈剂1.2％～1.5％，抗泡剂0.005％～0.01％，粘度指数改进剂2.0％～4.0％，摩擦改进剂2.0％～3.0％，油性剂1.0％～2.0％，补强剂2.0％～3.0％，纳米碳酸钙与铜粉混合物0.5％，余量为基础油。
为了降低润滑油的粘度所述的基础油为蓖麻基癸二酸聚乙二醇酯与聚α-烯烃复合物，复合质量比为8～9:11～12。
为了提高润滑油的抗腐蚀性、抗磨性，所述的抗氧剂为二壬基二苯胺、含苯三唑衍生物复合剂、2，6-二叔丁基对甲酚的混合物，其中，含苯三唑衍生物复合剂占抗氧剂总质量的0.1～1％，2，6-二叔丁基对甲酚占抗氧剂总质量的10-15％；抗氧防腐剂为硫磷双辛基碱性锌盐与二硫代氨基甲酸钼复合物，复合质量比5～7：3～5；金属减活剂为甲苯并三唑衍生物与噻重氮复合物，复合质量比为8～10:10～12；防锈剂为碱性二壬基萘磺酸钡、甲基苯并三氮唑与环烷酸锌的混合物，其中，甲基苯并三氮唑占防锈剂总质量的20％～30％，环烷酸锌占防锈剂总质量的15％～20％；抗泡剂由二甲基硅油、质量百分数为49％～59％丙烯酸酯和质量百分数为1％烷基萘复合；摩擦改进剂是硫化二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸氧钼；油性剂是油酸乙二醇酯。
为了提高机油的清净分散性能，所述的清净剂为高碱值合成磺酸钙与硫化烷基酚盐复合物，复合质量比11～12:8～9；分散剂为聚异丁烯丁二酸季戊四醇酯与单丁二酰亚胺复合物，复合质量比为8～10:10～12；粘度指数改进剂为聚甲基丙烯酸酯；
为了提高润滑油油膜强度，所述的补强剂为有机钼和硼化菜籽油复合物，复合质量比10～13:7～10。纳米碳酸钙和铜混合物复合质量比为7:3。
本发明的目的之二是提供沼气燃料的直喷发动机用组合物的制备方法，包括以下步骤，将组分按质量百分比调和而成后，首先进行超声波振荡25-30min，其次静置1-1.5h，最后进行匀速搅拌，搅拌速度为1000-1500r/h。制备过程中温度控制在75-85℃。
具体实施方式
下面用具体的实施方式来对本发明的技术方案做进一步的限定，但要求保护的范围不仅局限于所作的描述。
实施例1
将以下表1各组分按照质量百分比调和而成：
表1各组分质量百分比
以上各组分质量百分比综合等于100％。
实施例2
将以下表2各组分按照质量百分比调和而成：
表2各组分质量百分比
以上各组分质量百分比综合等于100％。
实施例3
将以下表3各组分按照质量百分比调和而成后：
表3各组分质量百分比
以上各组分质量百分比综合等于100％。
实施例4
将以下表4各组分按照质量百分比调和而成后，首先进行超声波振荡25min，其次静置1h，最后进行匀速搅拌，搅拌速度为1000r/h。制备过程中温度控制在75℃。
表4各组分质量百分比
以上各组分质量百分比综合等于100％。
实施例5
将以下表5各组分按照质量百分比调和而成后，首先进行超声波振荡30min，其次静置1.5h，最后进行匀速搅拌，搅拌速度为1500r/h。制备过程中温度控制在85℃。
表5各组分质量百分比
以上各组分质量百分比综合等于100％。
实施例6
将以下表6各组分按照质量百分比调和而成后，首先进行超声波振荡28min，其次静置1.3h，最后进行匀速搅拌，搅拌速度为1300r/h。制备过程中温度控制在80℃。
表6各组分质量百分比
以上各组分质量百分比综合等于100％。
为了能够进一步的验证本发明创造的技术效果，本研究者在本发明创造中，进行如下实验验证：
1、实验组设计
对比组1：直接采用蓖麻基癸二酸聚乙二醇酯与聚α-烯烃,按照质量百分比为聚α-烯烃为55％，余量为蓖麻基癸二酸聚乙二醇酯直接混合：
对比组2：将沼气燃料直喷发动机用组合物，按照下表7质量百分比混合：
表7各组分质量百分比
以上各组分质量百分比综合等于100％。
对比组3：将沼气燃料直喷发动机用组合物，按照下表8质量百分比混合：
表8各组分质量百分比
以上各组分质量百分比综合等于100％。
对比组4：将沼气燃料直喷发动机用组合物，按照下表9质量百分比混合：
表9各组分质量百分比
以上各组分质量百分比综合等于100％。
2、检测指标
对实施例1-6制备的沼气燃料直喷发动机用组合物与对比组1-4制备的沼气燃料直喷发动机用组合物，进行以下指标检测：
粘度检测：参照GB/T 265进行粘度指数及40℃和100℃粘度检测；腐蚀度：参照GB/T 391；四球机试验(PB/N)：参照GB/T 3142。
3、实验结果：对于上述实验中，其各项检测指标参见表10所示
表10各对比组检测结果
通过上述实验数据显示实验例4-6的粘度指数及40℃和100℃粘度显著优于实验例1-3和对比组1-2，而实验例1-3和对比组1-2粘度相关指标数据显著优于对比组3-4。说明使用本发明的基础油组分显著降低润滑油粘度，且采用本发明的润滑油制备方法也能显著降低润滑油粘度。
以上腐蚀度指标结果显示，实验例4-6腐蚀度显著低于实验例1-3，说明采用本发明制备方法也能显著降低设备腐蚀度；对比组2-4腐蚀度相对高于实验例1-3，说明使用本发明的基础油组分显著设备腐蚀度；而对比组1数据显著劣于其它实验组及各对比组，说明本发明添加的系列复合添加剂能显著提高发动机抗腐蚀性。
四球机试验结果显示，实验例4-6结果显著优于实验例1-3和对比组3-4，说明采用本发明制备方法也能显著提高润滑油的油膜强度，而对比组1-2的油膜强度显著劣于其它实验组及各对比组，说明本发明说明本发明添加纳米碳酸钙和铜复合物能显著提高润滑油的油膜强度。

Claims (10)

1.一种沼气燃料直喷发动机用组合物，其特征在于，原料成分以质量百分计为抗氧剂2.0％～2.2％，抗氧防腐剂1.3％～1.8％，清净剂10.0％～10.5％，分散剂6.0％～8.0％，金属减活剂0.5％～1.0％，防锈剂1.2％～1.5％，抗泡剂0.005％～0.01％，粘度指数改进剂2.0％～4.0％，摩擦改进剂2.0％～3.0％，油性剂1.0％～2.0％，补强剂2.0％～3.0％，纳米碳酸钙与铜粉混合物0.5％，余量为基础油。
2.如权利要求1所述的沼气燃料直喷发动机用组合物，其特征在于，所述的基础油为蓖麻基癸二酸聚乙二醇酯与聚α-烯烃复合物，复合质量比为8～9:11～12。
3.如权利要求1所述的沼气燃料直喷发动机用组合物，其特征在于，所述的抗氧剂为二壬基二苯胺、含苯三唑衍生物复合剂、2，6-二叔丁基对甲酚的混合物，其中，含苯三唑衍生物复合剂占抗氧剂总质量的0.1～1％，2，6-二叔丁基对甲酚占抗氧剂总质量的10-15％。抗氧防腐剂为硫磷双辛基碱性锌盐与二硫代氨基甲酸钼复合物，复合质量比5～7：3～5。
4.如权利要求1所述的沼气燃料直喷发动机用组合物，其特征在于，所述的清净剂为高碱值合成磺酸钙与硫化烷基酚盐复合物，复合质量比11～12:8～9；分散剂为聚异丁烯丁二酸季戊四醇酯与单丁二酰亚胺复合物，复合质量比为8～10:10～12.
5.如权利要求1所述的沼气燃料直喷发动机用组合物，其特征在于，所述的金属减活剂为甲苯并三唑衍生物与噻重氮复合物，复合质量比为8～10:10～12。
6.如权利要求1所述的沼气燃料直喷发动机用组合物，其特征在于，所述的防锈剂为碱性二壬基萘磺酸钡、甲基苯并三氮唑与环烷酸锌的混合物，其中，甲基苯并三氮唑占防锈剂总质量的20％～30％，环烷酸锌占防锈剂总质量的15％～20％。
7.根据权利要求1所述的沼气燃料直喷发动机用组合物，其特征在于，所述的抗泡剂由二甲基硅油、质量百分数为49％～59％丙烯酸酯和质量百分数为1％烷基萘复合。
8.根据权利要求1所述的沼气燃料直喷发动机用组合物，其特征在于，所述的粘度指数改进剂为聚甲基丙烯酸酯；摩擦改进剂是硫化二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸氧钼；油性剂是油酸乙二醇酯。
9.根据权利要求1所述的沼气燃料直喷发动机用组合物，其特征在于，所述的补强剂为有机钼和硼化菜籽油复合物，复合质量比10～13:7～10。纳米碳酸钙和铜混合物复合质量比为7:3。
10.根据权利要求1所述的沼气燃料直喷发动机用组合物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：将组分按质量百分比调和而成后，首先进行超声波振荡25-30min，其次静置1-1.5h，最后进行匀速搅拌，搅拌速度为1000-1500r/h。制备过程中温度控制在75-85℃。
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