CN107329611B - Narrow-frame touch module structure and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Narrow-frame touch module structure and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107329611B
CN107329611B CN201710514124.5A CN201710514124A CN107329611B CN 107329611 B CN107329611 B CN 107329611B CN 201710514124 A CN201710514124 A CN 201710514124A CN 107329611 B CN107329611 B CN 107329611B
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layer
metal circuit
frame
blackening
transparent conductive
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CN107329611A (en
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林仲宏
黄彦衡
陈柏林
刘法林
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Interface Optoelectronics Shenzhen Co Ltd
Interface Technology Chengdu Co Ltd
General Interface Solution Ltd
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Interface Optoelectronics Shenzhen Co Ltd
Interface Technology Chengdu Co Ltd
General Interface Solution Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2203/00Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
    • G06F2203/041Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
    • G06F2203/04103Manufacturing, i.e. details related to manufacturing processes specially suited for touch sensitive devices

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Position Input By Displaying (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a narrow-frame touch module structure and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the narrow-frame touch module structure comprises a frame, a substrate, a first optical adhesive layer, a first transparent conductive layer, a metal circuit layer, a first buffer layer, a first blackening layer, a second optical adhesive layer, a second transparent conductive layer, a third optical adhesive layer and a protective glass layer. The frame includes a frame inner surface and a frame outer surface opposite the frame inner surface. The first blackening layer is arranged on the first buffer layer, and when external light irradiates the surface of the first metal circuit layer, the external light is absorbed by the first blackening layer. The invention also discloses a manufacturing method of the narrow-frame touch module structure. By the structure and the method, the invention can effectively eliminate the light reflection caused by the metal circuit layer.

Description

Narrow-frame touch module structure and manufacturing method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a narrow-frame touch module structure and a manufacturing method thereof, in particular to a narrow-frame touch module structure and a manufacturing method thereof, which effectively eliminate light reflection caused by a metal circuit layer by blackening the metal circuit layer.
Background
Referring to fig. 1, in a capacitive touch module structure (5) of the prior art, a touch sensor (50) and a protective glass (51) are first bonded together by a first optical adhesive (52) to form a touch panel, a liquid crystal module (53) is then bonded below the touch panel by a second optical adhesive (54) to form a touch display module, and finally the capacitive touch module structure (5) is assembled in a frame (55) of the whole device.
Wherein, in order to shield light or color, an ink layer (510) is arranged on the periphery of the lower surface of the protective glass (51).
Referring to fig. 2, a narrow-frame touch module structure (6) in the prior art includes a frame (60), a substrate (61), a first optical adhesive layer (62), a first thin film layer (63), a metal circuit layer (64), a second optical adhesive layer (65), a second thin film layer (66), a third optical adhesive layer (67), and a protective glass layer (68).
The frame (60) includes a frame inner surface (600) and a frame outer surface (601), the frame outer surface (601) being opposite the frame inner surface (600). The substrate (61) is disposed on the frame inner surface (600). The first optical adhesive layer (62) is disposed on the substrate (61). The first thin film layer (63) is arranged on the first optical adhesive layer (62).
The metal circuit layer (64) is a conductive structure, and the metal circuit layer (64) is arranged on the first thin film layer (63). The second optical adhesive layer (65) is arranged on the first thin film layer (63), and the second optical adhesive layer (65) wraps the metal circuit layer (64). The second film layer (66) is disposed on the second optical glue layer (65). The third optical glue layer (67) is disposed on the second film layer (66). The protective glass layer (68) is arranged on the third optical adhesive layer (67), and an ink layer (680) is arranged on the periphery of the protective glass layer (68).
Because the narrow-frame touch module structure (6) is designed to be a narrow frame, the line width and line distance of the touch panel wires need to be reduced according to the requirements, the metal line layers such as copper and silver are used in the design of the thin lines, and the metal line layers (64) are close to the view area as much as possible, so that the metal line layers (64) do not have enough space from the view area, the light reflection caused by the visible metal line layers (64) in the side view process is easy to cause visual fatigue of human eyes.
Therefore, how to design a narrow-frame touch module structure and a manufacturing method thereof that effectively eliminates the reflection caused by the metal circuit layer is a common expectation target of related device manufacturers and research and development personnel.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problem that the metal circuit layer of the touch module structure of the prior art is prone to cause the defect of light reflection, the present inventors have developed actively to improve the above existing defects, and have conducted continuous experiments and efforts to develop the present invention.
A first objective of the present invention is to provide a narrow-bezel touch module structure.
A second objective of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a narrow-bezel touch module structure.
In order to achieve the above object, the narrow-bezel touch module structure of the present invention includes a frame, a substrate, a first optical adhesive layer, a first transparent conductive layer, a metal circuit layer, a first buffer layer, a first blackening layer, a second optical adhesive layer, a second transparent conductive layer, a third optical adhesive layer, and a protective glass layer.
The frame includes a frame inner surface and a frame outer surface opposite the frame inner surface. The substrate is disposed on the inner surface of the frame. The first optical adhesive layer is arranged on the substrate. The first transparent conductive layer is arranged on the first optical adhesive layer.
The metal circuit layer is of a conductive structure and comprises a first metal circuit layer surface and a second metal circuit layer surface, the second first metal circuit layer surface is opposite to the first metal circuit layer surface, and the second metal circuit layer surface is arranged on the first transparent conductive layer.
The first buffer layer is arranged on the surface of the first metal circuit layer. The first blackened layer is dark in appearance and is arranged on the first buffer layer. The second optical adhesive layer is arranged on the first transparent conductive layer and wraps the metal circuit layer, the first buffer layer and the first blackening layer.
The second transparent conductive layer is arranged on the second optical adhesive layer. The third optical adhesive layer is arranged on the second transparent conductive layer.
The protective glass layer comprises a first protective glass layer surface and a second protective glass layer surface, the second protective glass layer surface is opposite to the first protective glass layer surface, the second protective glass layer surface is arranged on the third optical adhesive layer, and an ink layer is arranged on the periphery of the second protective glass layer surface.
The first blackened layer is disposed on the first buffer layer, and when external light is emitted to the surface of the first metal circuit layer, the external light is absorbed by the first blackened layer.
In order to achieve the above object, the method for manufacturing a narrow-bezel touch module structure of the present invention includes the following steps:
step A: a frame, a substrate and a protective glass layer are provided, wherein the protective glass layer comprises a first protective glass layer surface and a second protective glass layer surface.
And B: the substrate is disposed on the frame.
And C: a first optical adhesive layer is formed on the substrate.
Step D: and forming a first transparent conductive layer on the first optical adhesive layer.
Step E: and forming a metal circuit layer on the first transparent conductive layer, wherein the metal circuit layer is of a conductive structure and comprises a first metal circuit layer surface and a second metal circuit layer surface.
Step F: a first buffer layer is formed on the surface of the first metal circuit layer.
Step G: a first blackening layer is formed on the first buffer layer, and the appearance of the first blackening layer is dark.
Step H: and a second optical adhesive layer is used for coating the metal circuit layer, the first buffer layer and the first blackening layer on the first transparent conductive layer.
Step I: and forming a second transparent conductive layer on the second optical adhesive layer.
Step J: and forming a third optical adhesive layer on the second transparent conductive layer.
Step K: and arranging the surface of the second protective glass layer on the third optical adhesive layer.
Step L: and forming an ink layer on the surface periphery of the second protective glass layer.
By the structure and the method, the metal circuit layer is blackened, so that the light reflection of the metal circuit layer caused by an environmental light source in side view can be effectively eliminated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a capacitive touch module structure in the prior art;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a narrow-bezel touch module structure in the prior art;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a narrow-bezel touch module structure according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a narrow-bezel touch module structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a metal line layer and a first blackened layer according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a method for manufacturing a narrow bezel touch module structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating steps of another embodiment of a method for manufacturing a narrow-bezel touch module structure according to the present invention; and
FIG. 8 is a detailed step flow diagram of step 304 of the present invention.
The reference numbers illustrate:
the prior art is as follows:
(5) capacitive touch module structure
(50) Touch sensor
(51) Cover glass
(510) Printing ink layer
(52) First optical cement
(53) Liquid crystal module
(54) Second optical cement
(55) Frame structure
(6) Narrow frame touch module structure
(60) Frame structure
(600) Inner surface of the frame
(601) Outer surface of the frame
(61) Substrate
(62) First optical adhesive layer
(63) A first film layer
(64) Metal circuit layer
(65) Second optical adhesive layer
(66) Second film layer
(67) Third optical adhesive layer
(68) Protective glass layer
(680) Printing ink layer
The invention comprises the following steps:
(1) narrow frame touch module structure
(10) Frame structure
(100) Inner surface of the frame
(101) Outer surface of the frame
(11) Substrate
(110) Backlight unit
(111) Liquid crystal display device with a light guide plate
(112) Color filter
(113) Polaroid
(12) First optical adhesive layer
(13) A first transparent conductive layer
(14) Metal circuit layer
(140) Surface of the first metal circuit layer
(141) Surface of the second metal circuit layer
(15) First buffer layer
(16) A first blackened layer
(17) Second optical adhesive layer
(18) Second transparent conductive layer
(19) Third optical adhesive layer
(20) Protective glass layer
(200) Surface of the first protective glass layer
(201) Surface of the second protective glass layer
(2010) Printing ink layer
(21) Second buffer layer
(22) Second blackened layer
(3) Manufacturing method of narrow-frame touch module structure
Step 300
Step 301
Step 302
Step 303
Step 304
Step 3040
Step 3041
Step 3042
Step 3043
Step 305
Step 306
Step 307
Step 308
Step 309
Step 310
Step 311
Step 312
Step 313
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 3 and 5, the narrow-bezel touch module structure (1) of the present invention includes a frame (10), a substrate (11), a first optical adhesive layer (12), a first transparent conductive layer (13), a metal circuit layer (14), a first buffer layer (15), a first blackening layer (16), a second optical adhesive layer (17), a second transparent conductive layer (18), a third optical adhesive layer (19), and a protective glass layer (20).
The frame (10) includes an inner frame surface (100) and an outer frame surface (101), the outer frame surface (101) being opposite the inner frame surface (100). The substrate (11) is disposed on the frame inner surface (100). The first optical adhesive layer (12) is arranged on the substrate (11). The first transparent conductive layer (13) is arranged on the first optical adhesive layer (12). The first optical adhesive layer (12) improves the adhesion between the substrate (11) and the first transparent conductive layer (13).
The metal circuit layer (14) is a conductive structure to transmit electrical signals, the metal circuit layer (14) comprises a first metal circuit layer surface (140) and a second metal circuit layer surface (141), the second metal circuit layer surface (141) is opposite to the first metal circuit layer surface (140), and the second metal circuit layer surface (141) is arranged on the first transparent conductive layer (13).
The first buffer layer (15) is disposed on the first metal wiring layer surface (140). The first blackening layer (16) is dark in appearance and is arranged on the first buffer layer (15). In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first blackening layer (16) has a characteristic that L is less than 50 in a range of chromaticity coordinate values consisting of L (luminance), a (red green), and b (yellow blue); a is less than-0.1; and b is less than-0.1. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first blackened layer (16) appears black in appearance.
The second optical adhesive layer (17) is disposed on the first transparent conductive layer (13), and the second optical adhesive layer (17) covers the metal circuit layer (14), the first buffer layer (15) and the first blackening layer (16).
The second transparent conductive layer (18) is arranged on the second optical adhesive layer (17). The second optical adhesive layer (17) improves the adhesion between the first transparent conductive layer (13) and the second transparent conductive layer (18). The third optical adhesive layer (19) is arranged on the second transparent conductive layer (18).
The protective glass layer (20) comprises a first protective glass layer surface (200) and a second protective glass layer surface (201), the second protective glass layer surface (201) is opposite to the first protective glass layer surface (200), the second protective glass layer surface (201) is arranged on the third optical adhesive layer (19), and the third optical adhesive layer (19) improves the adhesion between the second transparent conductive layer (18) and the protective glass layer (20). An ink layer (2010) is arranged on the periphery of the surface (201) of the second protective glass layer.
The structure is characterized in that the first blackening layer (16) is arranged on the first buffer layer (15), when external light irradiates the surface (140) of the first metal circuit layer, the external light is absorbed by the first blackening layer (16), so that incident light of the external light cannot be reflected towards the same direction in a consistent manner, color cast of a screen is reduced, metal reflection is prevented, and visual uncomfortable reflection is effectively avoided, so that human eyes can not be influenced by ambient backlight, and display contents of the narrow-frame touch module structure (1) can be comfortably viewed.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the narrow-bezel touch module structure (1) further includes a second buffer layer (21) and a second blackening layer (22), wherein the second buffer layer (21) is disposed on the surface (141) of the second metal circuit layer, and the second blackening layer (22) is dark in appearance and disposed between the second buffer layer (21) and the first transparent conductive layer (13).
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second blackening layer (22) has a characteristic that L is less than 50 in a range of chromaticity coordinate values consisting of L (luminance), a (red green), and b (yellow blue); a is less than-0.1; and b is less than-0.1. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second blackened layer (22) appears black in appearance.
Therefore, the present invention can perform single-sided blackening or double-sided blackening on the metal circuit layer (14) according to the needs of users.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the material of the metal circuit layer (14) is silver, copper, gold, aluminum, tungsten, iron, nickel, chromium, titanium, molybdenum, tin or a composite material combination thereof.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the material of the first transparent conductive layer (13) and the second transparent conductive layer (18) is indium tin oxide.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the substrate (11) includes a backlight unit (110), a liquid crystal display (111), a color filter (112), and a polarizer (113), the backlight unit (110) is disposed on the inner surface (100) of the frame, the liquid crystal display (111) is disposed on the backlight unit (110), the color filter (112) is disposed on the liquid crystal display (111), and the polarizer (113) is disposed on the color filter (112).
Referring to fig. 3, 5 and 6, the method (3) for manufacturing a narrow-bezel touch module structure of the present invention includes the following steps:
step 300: a frame (10), a substrate (11) and a protective glass layer (20) are provided, the protective glass layer (20) including a first protective glass layer surface (200) and a second protective glass layer surface (201).
Step 301: the substrate (11) is disposed on the frame (10).
Step 302: a first optical glue layer (12) is formed on the substrate (11).
Step 303: a first transparent conductive layer (13) is formed on the first optical adhesive layer (12).
Step 304: a metal circuit layer (14) is formed on the first transparent conductive layer (13), the metal circuit layer (14) is a conductive structure, and the metal circuit layer (14) includes a first metal circuit layer surface (140) and a second metal circuit layer surface (141).
Step 305: a first buffer layer (15) is formed on the surface (140) of the first metal wiring layer.
Step 306: a first blackened layer (16) is formed on the first buffer layer (15), and the appearance of the first blackened layer (16) is dark.
Step 307: on the first transparent conductive layer (13), the metal circuit layer (14), the first buffer layer (15) and the first blackening layer (16) are coated by a second optical adhesive layer (17).
Step 308: and forming a second transparent conductive layer (18) on the second optical adhesive layer (17).
Step 309: and forming a third optical adhesive layer (19) on the second transparent conductive layer (18).
Step 310: the second protective glass layer surface (201) is arranged on the third optical glue layer (19).
Step 311: an ink layer (2010) is formed on the periphery of the surface (201) of the second protective glass layer.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 5 and fig. 7, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method (3) for manufacturing a narrow-bezel touch module structure further includes the following steps:
step 312: a second buffer layer (21) is formed on the surface (141) of the second metal circuit layer.
Step 313: a second blackening layer (22) is formed between the second buffer layer (21) and the first transparent conductive layer (13), and the appearance of the second blackening layer (22) is dark.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 5 and fig. 8, in another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step 304 further includes the steps of:
step 3040: a photoresist layer is coated on the first transparent conductive layer (13) to generate the required conductive circuit pattern.
Step 3041: and developing the conducting circuit pattern on the photoresist layer by using a developer.
Step 3042: etching the photoresist layer.
Step 3043: stripping the photoresist layer to strip the photoresist on the conductive circuit pattern, thereby forming the metal circuit layer (14).
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first blackened layer (16) is formed on the first buffer layer (15) by electrolysis, sputtering, deposition or coating.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second blackened layer (22) is formed between the second buffer layer (21) and the first transparent conductive layer (13) by electrolysis, sputtering, deposition or coating.
The metal line layer (14) is a main conductive structure and can be formed on a specific structure by electrolysis (electrolysis), sputtering (sputtering), printing (printing) or the like.
The first blackening layer (16) and the second blackening layer (22) are used for absorbing light rays emitted to the metal circuit layer (14), and meanwhile, incident light rays are enabled not to be reflected towards the same direction in a consistent mode, so that color cast of a screen is reduced, metal reflection is resisted, reflection which is uncomfortable in vision is effectively avoided, human eyes can not be influenced by environment backlight, and display contents of the narrow-frame touch module structure (1) can be watched comfortably.
Through the structure, the metal circuit layer is blackened, reflection caused by an ambient light source in side view is eliminated, and a user can feel comfortable when watching the narrow-frame touch module structure. Moreover, the structure type is not easy to be thought by those skilled in the art, and is novel and progressive.
The purpose and effect of the present invention will be fully shown by the detailed description, which has great industrial applicability and is fully in line with the new invention not found in the market, and the application of the new invention is made through the following patent application. The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention, and shall be brought to the full scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A narrow frame touch module structure, comprising:
a frame including a frame inner surface and a frame outer surface, the frame outer surface opposing the frame inner surface;
a substrate disposed on the inner surface of the frame;
the first optical adhesive layer is arranged on the substrate;
the first transparent conducting layer is arranged on the first optical adhesive layer;
a metal circuit layer with a conductive structure, wherein the metal circuit layer comprises a first metal circuit layer surface and a second metal circuit layer surface, the second metal circuit layer surface is opposite to the first metal circuit layer surface, and the second metal circuit layer surface is arranged on the first transparent conductive layer;
a first buffer layer arranged on the surface of the first metal circuit layer;
a first blackening layer with dark appearance and arranged on the first buffer layer;
the second optical adhesive layer is arranged on the first transparent conductive layer and wraps the metal circuit layer, the first buffer layer and the first blackening layer;
the second transparent conducting layer is arranged on the second optical adhesive layer;
the third optical adhesive layer is arranged on the second transparent conductive layer; and
a protective glass layer, including a first protective glass layer surface and a second protective glass layer surface, the second protective glass layer surface and the first protective glass layer surface are mutually opposite, the second protective glass layer surface is arranged on the third optical adhesive layer, the second protective glass layer surface periphery is provided with an ink layer;
the first blackening layer is arranged on the first buffer layer, and when external light irradiates the surface of the first metal circuit layer, the external light is absorbed by the first blackening layer;
the narrow-frame touch module structure further comprises a second buffer layer and a second blackening layer, wherein the second buffer layer is arranged on the surface of the second metal circuit layer, and the appearance of the second blackening layer is dark and is arranged between the second buffer layer and the first transparent conductive layer;
the narrow-frame touch module structure is divided into a display area and a non-display area by the ink layer, the display area is located in a central area, and the non-display area is located in a peripheral area corresponding to the ink layer; the first metal circuit layer, the first blackening layer and the second blackening layer are all positioned in the non-display area;
the first blackening layer and the second blackening layer are used for eliminating reflection caused by an ambient light source when the narrow-frame touch module structure is laterally viewed.
2. The narrow-bezel touch module structure of claim 1, wherein the metal trace layer is made of silver, copper, gold, aluminum, tungsten, iron, nickel, chromium, titanium, molybdenum, tin, or a composite material thereof.
3. The narrow-bezel touch module structure of claim 1, wherein the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer are made of indium tin oxide.
4. The narrow-bezel touch module structure of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises a backlight unit, a liquid crystal display, a color filter and a polarizer, the backlight unit is disposed on the inner surface of the frame, the liquid crystal display is disposed on the backlight unit, the color filter is disposed on the liquid crystal display, and the polarizer is disposed on the color filter.
5. A manufacturing method of a narrow-frame touch module structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A: providing a frame, a substrate and a protective glass layer, wherein the protective glass layer comprises a first protective glass layer surface and a second protective glass layer surface;
and B: disposing the substrate on the frame;
and C: forming a first optical adhesive layer on the substrate;
step D: forming a first transparent conductive layer on the first optical adhesive layer;
step E: forming a metal circuit layer on the first transparent conductive layer, wherein the metal circuit layer is of a conductive structure and comprises a first metal circuit layer surface and a second metal circuit layer surface;
step F: forming a first buffer layer on the surface of the first metal circuit layer;
step G: forming a first blackening layer on the first buffer layer, wherein the appearance of the first blackening layer is dark;
step H: coating the metal circuit layer, the first buffer layer and the first blackening layer on the first transparent conductive layer by a second optical adhesive layer;
step I: forming a second transparent conductive layer on the second optical adhesive layer;
step J: forming a third optical adhesive layer on the second transparent conductive layer;
step K: arranging the surface of the second protective glass layer on the third optical adhesive layer; and
step L: forming an ink layer on the periphery of the surface of the second protective glass layer;
the manufacturing method of the narrow-frame touch module structure further comprises the following steps:
step M: forming a second buffer layer on the surface of the second metal circuit layer; and
and step N: forming a second blackening layer between the second buffer layer and the first transparent conductive layer, wherein the appearance of the second blackening layer is dark;
the narrow-frame touch module structure is divided into a display area and a non-display area by the ink layer, the display area is located in a central area, and the non-display area is located in a peripheral area corresponding to the ink layer; the first metal circuit layer, the first blackening layer and the second blackening layer are all positioned in the non-display area;
the first blackening layer and the second blackening layer are used for eliminating reflection caused by an ambient light source when the narrow-frame touch module structure is laterally viewed.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the step E further comprises:
step E1: coating a photoresist layer on the first transparent conductive layer to generate a required conductive circuit pattern;
step E2: developing the conducting circuit pattern on the photoresist layer by using a developer;
step E3: etching the photoresist layer; and
step E4: and stripping the photoresist layer to strip the photoresist on the conductive circuit pattern to form the metal circuit layer.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the first blackened layer is formed on the first buffer layer by electrolysis, sputtering, deposition or coating.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the second blackened layer is formed between the second buffer layer and the first transparent conductive layer by electrolysis, sputtering, deposition or coating.
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