CN107325297B - Method for directly extracting natural rubber from branches and leaves of Brazilian rubber tree - Google Patents
Method for directly extracting natural rubber from branches and leaves of Brazilian rubber tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN107325297B CN107325297B CN201710736648.9A CN201710736648A CN107325297B CN 107325297 B CN107325297 B CN 107325297B CN 201710736648 A CN201710736648 A CN 201710736648A CN 107325297 B CN107325297 B CN 107325297B
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for directly extracting natural rubber from branches and leaves of a Brazilian rubber tree by a wet grinding method, which relates to the technical field of crop harvesting. The method comprises the following steps: crushing fresh branches and leaves of a rubber tree in an alkaline buffer solution medium into a homogenate mixture; separating plant residue from the homogenate mixture, adding ammonia water into the homogenate mixture to adjust the alkalinity and keep fresh; centrifuging the homogenate in a bucket centrifuge; the suspended matter on the top layer is pumped out to obtain the rubber. The method provided by the invention can be used for directly extracting the natural rubber from the branches and leaves of the Brazilian rubber tree, avoids the manual rubber tapping process, is low in cost and easy to operate, can realize mechanical production in factories, and provides a new method for producing the natural rubber from the rubber tree.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural product harvesting, and particularly relates to a method for directly extracting natural rubber from branches and leaves of a Brazilian rubber tree.
Background
The Brazilian rubber tree is the most predominant source of natural rubber. Latex is synthesized and stored in the latex duct cells of the rubber tree. And (3) obtaining the latex by a tapping method when the stem circumference reaches 50cm after the rubber tree grows for 6-8 years. Tapping is currently the only method for obtaining natural rubber from rubber trees. The tapping technology is complex, the operation requirements of the tapping technology are stable, accurate, light, fast, uniform, ten-prevention and the like, the tapping technology can only be operated by a glue worker through pure manual operation, and the mechanical operation is difficult to implement. Because the rubber tapping labor intensity is high (200-300 rubber trees are cut every day and the rubber is collected manually), the working environment is severe (barren mountains and mountains, morning work and mosquito and snake bite), and the labor reward is low (influenced by the low price of the rubber), the current rubber workers are mostly middle-aged and old people, and young people are basically unwilling to engage in the rubber tapping work. In the face of the aging of rubber workers and the new fault, the natural rubber planting industry faces the serious problem of unmanned rubber tapping. The gum planting production mode based on the gum tapping method also has the problems of narrow planting latitude area, unrecoverable damage caused by natural disasters (cold damage and wind damage), long growth period, slow technical progress and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for directly extracting natural rubber from the branches and leaves of the hevea brasiliensis tree, which can be mechanically operated to replace the conventional tapping method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention discloses a method for directly extracting natural rubber from branches and leaves of a hevea brasiliensis tree, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, harvesting fresh branches and leaves: when the new branches of the rubber trees grow to 4-5 fluffy leaves, cutting the branches and the leaves on the branches by using a chain saw or a harvesting machine, and then conveying the branches and the leaves to a processing plant for crushing treatment; the time for harvesting branches and leaves is carried out at noon in sunny days so as to reduce the loss of latex at the cut;
step 2, crushing fresh branches and leaves: the harvested fresh branches and leaves enter a crushing cavity of a crusher through a feed inlet, an alkaline buffer solution flows into the crushing cavity from the feed inlet through a pipe, the branches and leaves are crushed in the crushing cavity and mixed with the buffer solution to form a homogenate mixture, and then the homogenate mixture flows into a barrel container through a discharge outlet;
step 3, homogenizing and centrifuging, and separating out rubber: and pouring the homogenate mixture into a filter screen device to filter plant residues, pouring the filtered homogenate into a centrifugal container, and centrifuging at a high speed in a bucket type centrifuge, wherein the top-layer suspended matter is the rubber after centrifugation.
Further, the alkaline buffer solution in the step 2 is a sodium sulfite solution with the mass percentage concentration of 0.1%, and the pH value is 10-11.
Further, the feed-liquid ratio of the fresh branches and leaves to the alkaline buffer solution in the step 2 is 1:3 kg/L.
Further, the fineness of the homogenate mixture in the step 2 is 7-10 meshes.
Furthermore, the mesh number of the filter screen in the step 3 is 16-20 meshes.
Further, the centrifugation time in the step 3 is 15-25 minutes, and the centrifugation speed is 3500-.
Further, in the step 3, the homogenate mixture is poured into a filter screen device to filter plant residues, if next centrifugation is not carried out immediately, the homogenate is added with strong ammonia water to adjust the pH value to 11, and the freshness can be kept for a plurality of days under sealing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can obtain the following technical effects:
1) a series of operations such as branch and leaf crushing, plant residue filtering, homogenate centrifugation and the like can be mechanically operated in a processing plant;
2) the invention is in mechanized production, and gets rid of the dependence on glue workers;
3) the rubber tree is cultivated by shrub cultivation, the production period is shortened, the influence of typhoon and cold damage is reduced, the gum planting area can be further moved to the north, and the gum planting range is enlarged.
Of course, it is not necessary for any one product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described technical effects simultaneously.
Detailed Description
The following embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that how to implement the technical features of the present invention to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented.
The invention discloses a method for directly extracting natural rubber from branches and leaves of a Brazilian rubber tree, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, harvesting fresh branches and leaves: when the new branches of the rubber trees grow to 4-5 fluffy leaves, cutting the branches and the leaves on the branches by using a chain saw or a harvesting machine, and then conveying the branches and the leaves to a processing plant for crushing treatment; the time for harvesting branches and leaves is carried out at noon in sunny days so as to reduce the loss of latex at the cut;
step 2, crushing fresh branches and leaves: the harvested fresh branches and leaves enter a crushing cavity of a crusher through a feed inlet, an alkaline buffer solution flows into the crushing cavity from the feed inlet through a pipe, the branches and leaves are crushed in the crushing cavity and mixed with the buffer solution to form a homogenate mixture, and then the homogenate mixture flows into a barrel container through a discharge outlet; wherein the alkaline buffer solution is sodium sulfite solution with the mass percentage concentration of 0.1 percent, and the pH value is 10-11; the feed-liquid ratio of the fresh branches and leaves to the alkaline buffer solution is 1:3 kg/L; the fineness of the homogenate mixture was 7-10 mesh.
Wherein the mass percentage concentration of the sodium sulfite of the buffer solution is 0.1 percent; the quality percentage concentration of the sodium sulfite is too high, which affects the quality of rubber and the subsequent processing of the rubber, and the quality percentage concentration is too low, which results in poor effect of protecting latex.
The pH value of the buffer solution sodium sulfite is 10-11 and is lower than 10, the latex preservation effect is poor, the pH value exceeds 11, a lot of ammonia water is needed to realize the effect, and ammonia is wasted.
The feed-liquid ratio of the fresh branches and leaves to the alkaline buffer solution is 1:3 kg/L; if the ratio is less than 1:3 (such as 1:2), the buffer solution is too little, the crushing effect is not good, and the latex cannot flow out; above 1:3 (e.g., 1:5), buffer is wasted and further centrifugation is aggravated.
The fineness of the homogenate mixture is 7-10 meshes, and is lower than 7 meshes, the tissue fiber is too coarse, and the rubber can not be completely released from the tissue; the fineness of more than 10 meshes is difficult to realize and easy to block the screen of the pulverizer due to the flexibility of the plant fibers, so that the fineness of less than 10 meshes is recommended.
Step 3, homogenizing and centrifuging, and separating latex: and pouring the homogenate mixture into a filter screen device to filter plant residues, pouring the filtered homogenate into a centrifugal container, centrifuging at a high speed in a bucket type centrifuge, and centrifuging to obtain the top layer suspended matter which is the rubber latex. The mesh number of the filter screen is 16-20 meshes. The centrifugation time is 15-25 minutes, and the centrifugation speed is 3500-.
Wherein the centrifugal speed is 3500-4000 Xg which is lower than 3500, the latex is not centrifuged completely, and part of the latex can not be separated; above 4000, centrifuge load is increased.
The mesh number of the filter screen is 16-20 meshes during filtering, and a range (16-20) is provided, wherein the mesh number is lower than 16 meshes, so that the filtrate contains more large powder, the subsequent centrifugal work load is increased, and the filtering difficulty is increased by exceeding 20 meshes, so that the filtering is slowed down.
And 3, pouring the homogenate mixture into a filter screen device to filter plant residues, if the plant residues are not immediately centrifuged, adding concentrated ammonia water into the homogenate to adjust the pH value to 11, and keeping fresh for a plurality of days under sealing.
Example 1 extraction of rubber from clone Heat ground 7-20-59 branches and leaves
Step 1, harvesting fresh branches and leaves:
and harvesting the clonal branches of the rubber tree, thermally grinding the branches within 7-20-59 three tenths of age, and immediately conveying the branches to a processing plant for crushing treatment. The time for harvesting branches and leaves is preferably carried out at noon in sunny days so as to reduce the loss of latex at the cut.
Step 2, crushing fresh branches and leaves:
10kg of fresh branches and leaves are weighed, and then an alkaline buffer solution (sodium sulfite solution with the mass percentage concentration of 0.1% and the pH value of 10) is prepared according to the volume ratio of 3 liters per kg of branches and leaves. The branches and leaves enter a crushing cavity of the crusher through a feed port, and simultaneously, a buffer solution flows into the crushing cavity from the feed port through a pipe, wherein the water flow speed is preferably 3 liters of the buffer solution after every 1 kilogram of branches and leaves are crushed. The aperture of the screen mesh installed on the pulverizer is 7 meshes. The branches and leaves are crushed in the crushing cavity and mixed in a buffer solution to form a homogenate mixture, and then the homogenate mixture flows into a vat container through a discharge port.
And 3, centrifuging to separate plant residues:
the homogenate was poured into a strainer device (mesh number 18) to filter the plant residue.
And 4, homogenizing and centrifuging, and separating latex:
filtering, homogenizing, pouring into a centrifugal container, and centrifuging at high speed of 4000 Xg for 20 min in a bucket type centrifuge; after the centrifugation is finished, the upper layer suspended substance of the centrifugal container is latex, the latex is sucked into a separately prepared water basin by a suction pipe, and then acetic acid is added into the latex to solidify the latex. The solidified glue cake was dried in the sun and weighed to give 180g of dry glue. The rubber dry glue extracted from each kilogram of branches and leaves is calculated to be 18g, which shows that the rubber content of the hot grinding 7-20-59 branches and leaves is 1.8%.
Example 2 extraction of rubber from branches and leaves of rubber seedlings
Step 1, cultivating branches and leaves of rubber seedling trees
Leveling land, densely planting and scattering rubber seeds, covering a layer of thin soil, and regularly irrigating, fertilizing and weeding.
Step 2, harvesting branches and leaves
When the plants grow to 4-5 canopy leaves, cutting branches at the position of the first canopy leaf above the ground, and immediately transporting the harvested branches and leaves of the rubber trees to a processing place.
Step 3, crushing branches and leaves
20kg of branches and leaves were weighed. Sodium sulfite buffer solution with a pH of 11 of 0.1% by mass was prepared, and at least 3 liters of buffer solution was prepared per kg of branches and leaves. Branches and leaves and buffer liquid enter the crushing cavity from a feed inlet of the crusher. The aperture of the screen mesh of the pulverizer is 10 meshes, so that the pulverizing fineness reaches 10 meshes. After the branches and leaves are crushed, a homogenate mixture is formed and flows into a plastic barrel through a discharge port.
Step 4, separating plant waste residues
Pouring the homogenate mixture into a 16-mesh filter screen cloth, separating plant waste residues from the homogenate through a filter screen, extruding the filter screen cloth, and squeezing the waste residues as far as possible; adding strong ammonia water into the homogenate to adjust the pH value to 11, and preserving the freshness for 8-10 days under sealing.
Step 5, centrifuging, homogenizing and separating latex
The filtered homogenate was centrifuged in a bucket centrifuge at 3500 Xg for 25 minutes. After the centrifugation is finished, the suspended substance at the top layer is homogenized to be latex, the latex is sucked into a water basin prepared by another method by a suction pipe, and then acetic acid is added into the latex to solidify the latex. The solidified glue cake was dried in the sun and weighed to give 320g of dry glue. The rubber dry glue extracted from each kilogram of branches and leaves is calculated to be 16g, which shows that the rubber content of the rubber branches and leaves is 1.6%.
Example 3 extraction of rubber from 7-33-97 clonal branches and leaves of a rubber Tree
Step 1 harvesting of branches and leaves
When the leaves of the 7-33-97 clone branches of the rubber tree grow to 4-5 fluffy leaves, the branches and the trunks are cut by a chopper or a saw at noon in a sunny day, and the branches and the trunks are immediately transported to a processing workshop for the next operation.
Step 2 pulverizing the branch and leaf tissue
30kg of fresh branches and leaves were weighed and prepared with 0.1% by weight sodium sulfite buffer (adjusted to pH 10.5 with ammonia). Branches and leaves and buffer solution are crushed and mixed in a crushing cavity of a crusher through a feeding hole to form a homogenate mixture. The pulverizer is provided with a screen with 8 meshes, so that the pulverizing fineness reaches 8 meshes. And placing a plastic bucket at a discharge port of the pulverizer to collect the homogenate mixture.
Step 3, filtering the homogenate mixture and separating plant fiber residues
The homogenate mixture after the branches and leaves are crushed is filtered by a 20-mesh filter screen, and the homogenate flows into a plastic barrel through the filter screen. The plant fiber residue is extruded, and homogenate is separated from the waste residue as much as possible.
Step 4, homogenizing and centrifuging, and separating latex
Pouring the filtered homogenate into a centrifuge tube (a centrifuge barrel) of a centrifuge; then centrifuging the mixture in a bucket type centrifuge at the speed of 4000 Xg for 15 minutes; after centrifugation was complete, the suspension (latex) in the upper layer of the centrifuge tube container was transferred to a keg using a pipette. Because the homogenate exceeds the maximum capacity of the centrifuge due to its excessive volume, it can be centrifuged several times until it is completely separated.
Step 5 preparation of dry glue
Adding acetic acid into the latex, stirring, standing and solidifying; the gel mass obtained after coagulation was dried in the sun and weighed to obtain 528g of dry gel. It is calculated that 17.6g of rubber dry rubber can be extracted from each kilogram of branches and leaves of the clone 7-33-97 by hot grinding, namely the rubber content of the rubber branches and leaves is 1.76%.
While the foregoing description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood, as noted above, that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments and is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for directly extracting natural rubber from branches and leaves of a Brazilian rubber tree is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, harvesting fresh branches and leaves: when the new branches of the rubber trees grow to 4-5 fluffy leaves, cutting the branches and the leaves on the branches by using a chain saw or a harvesting machine, and then conveying the branches and the leaves to a processing plant for crushing treatment; the time for harvesting branches and leaves is carried out at noon in sunny days so as to reduce the loss of latex at the cut;
step 2, crushing fresh branches and leaves: the harvested fresh branches and leaves enter a crushing cavity of a crusher through a feed inlet, an alkaline buffer solution flows into the crushing cavity from the feed inlet through a pipe, the branches and leaves are crushed in the crushing cavity and mixed with the alkaline buffer solution to form a homogenate mixture, and then the homogenate mixture flows into a barrel container through a discharge outlet;
step 3, homogenizing and centrifuging, and separating out rubber: pouring the homogenate mixture into a filter screen device to filter plant residues, pouring the filtered homogenate into a centrifugal container, centrifuging at a high speed in a bucket type centrifuge, and centrifuging to obtain top-layer suspended matters, namely rubber;
and in the step 2, the alkaline buffer solution is a sodium sulfite solution with the mass percentage concentration of 0.1%, and the pH value is 10-11.
2. The method for directly extracting natural rubber from the branches and leaves of the hevea brasiliensis tree according to claim 1, wherein the feed-to-liquid ratio of the fresh branches and leaves to the sodium sulfite solution in the step 2 is 1:3 kg/L.
3. The method for directly extracting natural rubber from the branches and leaves of hevea brasiliensis according to claim 1, wherein the fineness of the homogenate of the step 2 is 7-10 mesh.
4. The method for directly extracting natural rubber from the branches and leaves of hevea brasiliensis according to claim 1, wherein the number of meshes of the filter screen in the step 3 is 16-20 meshes.
5. The method for directly extracting natural rubber from the branches and leaves of Hevea brasiliensis according to claim 1, wherein the homogenate of step 3 is poured into a strainer to filter the plant residue, and if the plant residue is not immediately centrifuged, the homogenate is adjusted to pH 11 by adding strong ammonia water, and can be preserved for several days under sealing.
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| CN107722297A (en) * | 2017-11-18 | 2018-02-23 | 桂林全州燎原科技有限责任公司 | A kind of extracting method of natural rubber |
| CN107812407A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-03-20 | 桂林全州燎原科技有限责任公司 | One kind prepares natural rubber standing and filter |
| CN109459435A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-03-12 | 中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所 | The detection method of the screening technique of rubber tree kind, the breeding method of rubber tree and rubber tree yield |
| CN110713607A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-01-21 | 科迈特新材料有限公司 | Method for extracting natural rubber from rubber leaves |
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| CN104017112B (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2016-05-25 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Utilize rubber tree spray to produce the method for rubber |
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