CN107323056A - 一种具有隔音性能的pvb胶片及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种具有隔音性能的pvb胶片及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107323056A
CN107323056A CN201710412035.XA CN201710412035A CN107323056A CN 107323056 A CN107323056 A CN 107323056A CN 201710412035 A CN201710412035 A CN 201710412035A CN 107323056 A CN107323056 A CN 107323056A
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陈艺中
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Faithful (qingyuan) Photovoltaic Mstar Technology Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有隔音性能的三层式PVB胶片及制备方法,三层式PVB胶片由下A层,中间B层和上C层三层树脂薄膜压合构成,中间B层按质量百分比包括:30‑60%的改良PVB树脂粉和70‑40%的增塑剂,下A层和上C层按质量百分比包括:60‑80%的改良PVB树脂粉和20‑40%的增塑剂,其中,所述改良PVB树脂粉按质量百分比包括的组份有:聚乙烯醇7.5‑10.0wt%;正丁醛3.0‑10.0wt%;盐酸1.0‑6.0wt%;表面活性剂0.01‑0.10wt%;余量为纯水。制备方法步骤包括:改良PVB树脂粉的制备和三层式PVB胶片的制备。本发明的三层式PVB胶片应用于夹层玻璃中具有针对1000‑4000Hz范围的噪音功能,提升隔音效果3‑5dB。

Description

一种具有隔音性能的PVB胶片及制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于PVB(聚乙烯醇缩丁醛)胶片及制备技术领域,特别是一种具有隔音性能的PVB胶片及制备方法。
背景技术
随着能源形势的紧张以及人类对舒适度的提高,门窗的隔音也日益提上日程。众所周知,声音是一种振动波,人耳能听见的频率是20-20000Hz,特别敏感的频率是1000-4000Hz。隔音胶片应用领域的终端客户对汽车和建筑玻璃降低噪音越来越重视,同时也重点考虑安全因素,因为噪音污染,影响到人们的工作和生活环境,因此降低噪音是一项很重要的工程指标。
过去人们通常会利用固体或大量增加玻璃度,以提高玻璃的隔音性能,然而随着人们对环境问题的日益重视,玻璃设计的局限性,增加厚度及硬度有一定的限制,“绿色环保”也已成为汽车和建筑制造商面临的首要问题,其中汽车轻量化则上升为汽车设计中重要的考虑因素。因此只能通过增加衰减方式降低噪音,通过使用PVB夹层玻璃解决噪音问题,即可以实现轻量化,又给衰减降噪提供了可能,是目前该领域的一个重大课题。
PVB(聚乙烯醇缩丁醛)夹层玻璃具有较高的安全性能,在建筑和汽车领域得到了广泛的应用。随着噪音污染问题,PVB夹胶玻璃行业近年来积极探索隔音材料的开发,中国专利CN200910159694.2公开了一种具有隔音性能的至少两个分薄膜含醋酸乙烯醋比例为5-8%的PVB。也有其他专利使用特殊配方的单层PVB胶片来达到隔音的报道,但是在市场上未有相关产品出现。以上都是通过使用多层复合技术,改变PVB树脂的层结构或者是改变PVB增塑剂配比来实现隔音性能。然而提高PVB树脂结构,通过增加丁醛基含量,减少羟基,或者增加增塑剂配比来调节不同PVB胶片层的力学因子会有如下风险:1、胶片的力学性能下降,2、抗老化性能降低,3、增塑剂析出问题。同时,已有技术在制备多层薄膜时由于材料物性相差大,难以形成厚度均匀一致的薄膜,加工困难,导致实用性不强,没有市场化。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足,而提出一种具有隔音性能的PVB胶片及制备方法。
本发明解决其技术问题是采取以下技术方案实现的:
一种具有隔音性能的三层式PVB胶片,由下A层,中间B层和上C层三层树脂薄膜压合构成,中间B层的厚度为0.05-0.45毫米,下A层和上C层厚度为0.10-0.70毫米,所述中间B层按质量百分比包括:30-60%的改良PVB树脂粉和70-40%的增塑剂,所述下A层和上C层按质量百分比包括:60-80%的改良PVB树脂粉和20-40%的增塑剂,其中,所述改良PVB树脂粉包括按质量百分比构成的如下组份:
聚乙烯醇: 7.5-10.0wt%
正丁醛: 3.0-10.0wt%
盐酸: 1.0-6.0wt%
表面活性剂: 0.01-0.10wt%
余量为纯水。
而且,所述增塑剂是3G8、4G7、DHA、DOA中的一种或多种的组合。
而且,所述盐酸的质量浓度为35%,所述纯水的电阻率≥18M.CM。
一种上述具有隔音性能的三层式PVB胶片的制备方法,包括步骤如下:
第一步,改良PVB树脂粉的制备
(1)缩合反应:在反应釜中使用98℃以上的水和PVA配制成浓度为8-10%的溶液,将该溶液降温至5-10℃后加入作为催化剂的盐酸和正丁醛,再加入表面活性剂后进行缩合反应;
其中,所述PVA分为两种,一种是针对制备下A层PVB胶片和上C层PVB胶片,该种PVA粘度为24-34cp/20℃;另一种是针对制备中间B层PVB胶片,该种PVA粘度为30-90cp/20℃;
(2)中和处理:将缩合反应后的冷却反应液输送至水洗釜水洗,加入液碱溶液调节PH值至8-10;
(3)脱水和干燥:将上述溶液经离心机脱水后至含水率小于30%,随气流进入旋风干燥器,干燥后即得所述的改良PVB树脂粉成品。
其中,所述得到的改良PVB树脂粉分为两种,一种用于下A层PVB胶片和上C层PVB胶片的制备;另一种用于中间B层PVB胶片的制备;
第二步,三层式PVB胶片的制备
(1)将用于中间B层的改良PVB树脂粉30-60kg和增塑剂70-40kg混合均匀,通过挤出机在140-200℃的温度下塑化,塑化树脂导入中间B层模具,制成中间B层PVB胶片;将用于下A层和上C层的改良PVB树脂粉60-80kg和增塑剂20-40kg混合均匀,通过挤出机在160-180℃的温度下塑化,塑化树脂导入上下外层模具,制成下A层和上C层PVB胶片;
(2)将上述制成的下A层、中间B层、上C层PVB胶片按下、中、上位置对齐放置,共同导入三层定型模具,挤压定型后得到具有隔音性能的三层式PVB胶片。
而且,所述第一步的步骤(1)中盐酸和正丁醛按质量百分比各占溶液总质量的1.0-6.0wt%和3.0-10.0wt%。
而且,所述第一步的步骤(2)中液碱溶液具体为氢氧化钠溶液。
而且,作为本发明的一个优选方案,所述第二步的步骤(1)中所述中间B层厚度为0.1-015毫米,下A层厚度为0.25-0.29毫米,上C层厚度为0.3-0.34毫米。
本发明的优点和积极效果是:
1、本发明所述的隔音PVB胶片依次由ABC三层薄膜复合组成,中间层B薄膜厚度为0.05-0.45毫米,A和C外侧两层厚度为0.20-0.70毫米。基中中间层B薄膜的原材料PVB树脂起隔音作用,外面两层A和C对玻璃具有良好的粘结力。与常规厚度PVB相比可以有效阻隔在人耳敏感1000-4000Hz范围内的噪音,提升隔音效果3-5dB。
2、本发明制备的PVB胶片厚度均匀一致,不存在增塑剂析出问题,胶片的力学性能可靠,不易老化,保证了所形成夹胶玻璃的安全性,可广泛用于建筑和汽车隔音,具有显著的经济和社会效益。
附图说明
图1是本发明隔音PVB胶片实物的结构示意图;
图2是本发明隔音PVB胶片制成的夹层玻璃与普通PVB夹层玻璃的隔音效果对比图。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明实施例做进一步详述:需要强调的是,本发明所述的实施例是说明性的,而不是限定性的,因此本发明并不限于具体实施方式中所述的实施例,凡是由本领域技术人员根据本发明的技术方案得出的其它实施方式,同样属于本发明保护的范围。除特别说明,本发明使用的设备和原材料为本技术领域常规市场产品。
一种具有隔音性能的三层式PVB胶片,由A,B,C三层树脂薄膜压合构成,中间B层的厚度为0.05-0.45毫米,上下的A和C两层结构相同均为0.10-0.70毫米,其中,所述B层按质量百分比包括:30-60%的改良PVB树脂粉和70-40%的增塑剂,所述A层和C层按质量百分比包括:60-80%的改良PVB树脂粉和20-40%的增塑剂,其中,所述改良PVB树脂粉包括按质量百分比构成的如下组份:
聚乙烯醇: 7.5-10.0wt%
正丁醛: 3.0-10.0wt%
盐酸: 1.0-6.0wt%
表面活性剂: 0.01-0.10wt%
余量为纯水。
在本发明的具体实施中,所述增塑剂是3G8、4G7、DHA、DOA中的一种或多种的组合。
在本发明的具体实施中,所述盐酸的质量浓度为35%(测试标准GB320-2006),所述纯水的电阻率≥18M.CM(测试标准GB6682-92)。
一种上述具有隔音性能的三层式PVB胶片的制备方法,包括步骤如下:
第一步,改良PVB树脂粉的制备,具体步骤包括:
(1)缩合反应:在反应釜中使用98℃以上的水和聚乙烯醇(PVA)配制成浓度为8-10%的溶液,将该溶液降温至5-10℃后加入作为催化剂的盐酸和正丁醛进行缩合反应,其中,按质量百分比盐酸和正丁醛各占溶液总质量的1.0-6.0wt%和3.0-10.0wt%;
其中,所述聚乙烯醇(PVA)分为两种,一种是针对上下外层PVB胶片而制备,该种聚乙烯醇(PVA)粘度为24-34cp/20℃(测试标准GB/T12010.2-2010),反应得到PVB特点是融指较高,粘度低,机械力学性能好,保证夹胶玻璃的安全性,用于制备上下外层薄膜;另一种是针对中间层PVB胶片而制备,该种聚乙烯醇(PVA)粘度为30-90cp/20℃(测试标准GB/T12010.2-2010),反应合成隔音树脂PVB融指低,特点是加工流平性好,流延易于形成0.05-0.45毫米均匀的薄膜,用于制备中间层薄膜;
(2)中和处理:将缩合反应后的冷却反应液输送至水洗釜水洗,加入液碱溶液调节PH值至8-10;其中,液碱溶液具体为氢氧化钠溶液。
(3)脱水和干燥:将上述溶液经离心机脱水后至含水率小于30%,随气流进入旋风干燥器干燥后即得所述的改良PVB树脂粉成品。
其中,所述得到的改良PVB树脂粉分为两种,一种用于上下外层PVB胶片制备;另一种用于中间层PVB胶片制备。
实施例1-6
实施例1-6按照上述具体制备方法进行制备,具体原材料以及配比参见表1.对比例中不添加任何助剂,也依据上述具体制备方法进行制备。
(1)实施例1-3采用的是PVA原材料,PVA粘度控制为24-34cp/20℃(测试标准GB/T12010.2-2010),反应得到PVB特点是融指较高,粘度低,机械力学性能好,保证夹胶玻璃的安全性。用于制备底层薄膜。
(2)实施4-6采用的是PVA原材料,PVA粘度控制为30~90cp/20℃(测试标准GB/T12010.2-2010),反应合成隔音树脂PVB融指低,特点是加工流平性好,流延易于形成0.05-0.45毫米均匀的薄膜,用于制备中间层薄膜。
对上述实施例1-6制备得到的PVB树脂按照企业Q/JTSZ002-2014标准实施融指测试、羟基测试、粘度测试、含水率测试得到如下表2的测试结果。
表2是PVB树脂粉的特性:
从以上测试结果可以看出:本发明的树脂经过调整正丁醛的不同添加量,羟基含量控制对玻璃的粘结强度指标敲击值稳定在7-9级。
第二步,三层式PVB胶片的制备,具体步骤包括:
(1)将用于中间层的改良PVB树脂粉30-60kg和增塑剂70-40kg混合均匀,通过挤出机在140-200℃的温度下塑化,塑化树脂导入中间B层模具,制成中间B层PVB胶片;将用于上下外层的改良PVB树脂粉60-80kg和增塑剂20-40kg混合均匀,通过挤出机在160-180℃的温度下塑化,塑化树脂导入上下外层模具,制成下A层和上C层PVB胶片;其中,如图1所示,所述中间B层厚度为0.1-015毫米,下A层厚度为0.25-0.29毫米,上C层厚度为0.3-0.34毫米;
(2)将上述制成的A层、B层、C层PVB胶片按下、中、上位置对齐放置,共同导入三层定型模具,挤压定型后得到具有隔音性能的三层式PVB胶片。
将产品进行SEM分析,并对其隔音效果进行测试,结果如下:
从附图2可以看出,本发明制备的三层式PVB胶片相对于常规胶片提升隔音效果3-5分贝,其中,测试标准为GB/T8485-2008,玻璃结构为2mm玻璃+0.76PVB胶片+2mm玻璃。

Claims (7)

1.一种具有隔音性能的三层式PVB胶片,其特征在于:由下A层,中间B层和上C层三层树脂薄膜压合构成,中间B层的厚度为0.05-0.45毫米,下A层和上C层厚度为0.10-0.70毫米,所述中间B层按质量百分比包括:30-60%的改良PVB树脂粉和70-40%的增塑剂,所述下A层和上C层按质量百分比包括:60-80%的改良PVB树脂粉和20-40%的增塑剂,其中,所述改良PVB树脂粉包括按质量百分比构成的如下组份:
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有隔音性能的三层式PVB胶片,其特征在于:所述增塑剂是3G8、4G7、DHA、DOA中的一种或多种的组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的具有隔音性能的三层式PVB胶片,其特征在于:所述盐酸的质量浓度为35%,所述纯水的电阻率≥18M.CM。
4.一种上述具有隔音性能的三层式PVB胶片的制备方法,其特征在于包括步骤如下:
第一步,改良PVB树脂粉的制备
(1)缩合反应:在反应釜中使用98℃以上的水和PVA配制成浓度为8-10%的溶液,将该溶液降温至5-10℃后加入作为催化剂的盐酸和正丁醛,再加入表面活性剂后进行缩合反应;
其中,所述PVA分为两种,一种是针对制备下A层PVB胶片和上C层PVB胶片,该种PVA粘度为24-34cp/20℃;另一种是针对制备中间B层PVB胶片,该种PVA粘度为30-90cp/20℃;
(2)中和处理:将缩合反应后的冷却反应液输送至水洗釜水洗,加入液碱溶液调节PH值至8-10;
(3)脱水和干燥:将上述溶液经离心机脱水后至含水率小于30%,随气流进入旋风干燥器,干燥后即得所述的改良PVB树脂粉成品。
其中,所述得到的改良PVB树脂粉分为两种,一种用于下A层PVB胶片和上C层PVB胶片的制备;另一种用于中间B层PVB胶片的制备;
第二步,三层式PVB胶片的制备
(1)将用于中间B层的改良PVB树脂粉30-60kg和增塑剂70-40kg混合均匀,通过挤出机在140-200℃的温度下塑化,塑化树脂导入中间B层模具,制成中间B层PVB胶片;将用于下A层和上C层的改良PVB树脂粉60-80kg和增塑剂20-40kg混合均匀,通过挤出机在160-180℃的温度下塑化,塑化树脂导入上下外层模具,制成下A层和上C层PVB胶片;
(2)将上述制成的下A层、中间B层、上C层PVB胶片按下、中、上位置对齐放置,共同导入三层定型模具,挤压定型后得到具有隔音性能的三层式PVB胶片。
5.根据权利要求4所述的具有隔音性能的三层式PVB胶片的制备方法,其特征在于:所述第一步的步骤(1)中盐酸和正丁醛按质量百分比各占溶液总质量的1.0-6.0wt%和3.0-10.0wt%。
6.根据权利要求4所述的具有隔音性能的三层式PVB胶片的制备方法,其特征在于:所述第一步的步骤(2)中液碱溶液具体为氢氧化钠溶液。
7.根据权利要求4所述的具有隔音性能的三层式PVB胶片的制备方法,其特征在于:作为本发明的一个优选方案,所述第二步的步骤(1)中所述中间B层厚度为0.1-015毫米,下A层厚度为0.25-0.29毫米,上C层厚度为0.3-0.34毫米。
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