CN107313272B - 一种提升麻纤维染色特性的加工方法 - Google Patents

一种提升麻纤维染色特性的加工方法 Download PDF

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CN107313272B
CN107313272B CN201710697877.4A CN201710697877A CN107313272B CN 107313272 B CN107313272 B CN 107313272B CN 201710697877 A CN201710697877 A CN 201710697877A CN 107313272 B CN107313272 B CN 107313272B
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乔业全
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ZHEJIANG JIMA LIANGSI NEW MATERIAL Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种提升麻纤维染色特性的加工方法,包括如下步骤:(1)预处理、(2)阳离子改性处理、(3)清洗干燥处理。本发明对麻纤维进行了特殊的加工处理,有效提升了麻纤维的着色特性,同时又改善了其力学使用特性等,综合品质好,具有很好的推广价值。

Description

一种提升麻纤维染色特性的加工方法
技术领域
本发明属于纺织技术领域,具体涉及一种提升麻纤维染色特性的加工方法。
背景技术
纤维作为纺织原料,已经有很悠久的历史了。目前,纺织工业中所使用的纤维种类很多,但归纳起来就是天然纤维和化学纤维两类。随着科学技术的快速发展,物质生活的极大丰富,伴随而来的是现代人快节奏的生活方式和不断增加的工作压力,人们在追求物质富裕的同时,越来越关注自身的健康和生存环境,开始渴望回归自然。服装的要求将不再只是遮身防寒等基本的生活要求,而是更加注重舒适和休闲,绿色纺织纤维的特性正好满足了人们的这种潜在需求。从近几年纯棉、麻、丝、毛制品的流行到国际组织及国家大力倡导绿色生态纺织品充分体现了这一发展趋势。因此,棉、麻、丝、毛作为传统意义上的四大天然纤维再次被人类重视起来。麻纤维使用的历史可以追溯到大约万年之前,那时候人们就开始剥制和利用麻类植物的茎和皮来制作绳一类的东西。
麻属于植物性纤维,是剥取植物茎部的皮层纤维或叶子里的维管束纤维而得,是多细胞的长纤维。其在纺织领域中的使用非常常见,为了改善织物的外观美感,通常需要对麻纤维进行染色处理,但天然麻纤维对于染料的吸附固定性能不佳,因此需要对其进行改性处理。阳离子改性处理是现有常见的一种改善麻纤维表面特性的方法,其能改善麻纤维表面电性,进而提升对阴离子染料的上染率,但此方法中需要经过碱液活化等处理,会影响麻纤维整体的力学特性,造成强度等使用性能下降的问题,需要进一步的改进处理。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有的问题,提供了一种提升麻纤维染色特性的加工方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种提升麻纤维染色特性的加工方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)预处理:
a.先将麻纤维放入到温水中浸泡处理1~1.5h后取出;
b.将操作a处理后的麻纤维放入到密闭罐内进行蒸汽爆破处理,完成后取出;
c.将操作b处理后的麻纤维放入到混合液A中浸泡处理35~40min后取出,期间不断施加超声波进行处理;所述混合液A中各成分及其重量份为:6~9份纳米二氧化钛、10~14份铝酸酯偶联剂、4~7份壳聚糖、2~5份脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠、140~150份去离子水;
d.将操作c处理后的麻纤维放入到微波辐照仪中进行微波处理,20~25min后取出;
(2)阳离子改性处理:
将步骤(1)处理后的麻纤维放入到混合液B中进行改性处理,期间加热保持混合液B的温度为45~50℃,处理40~50min后取出;所述的混合液B中各成分及其重量份为:6~8份3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵、1~3份硬脂酸镁、1~2份三乙醇胺、90~100份水;
(3)清洗干燥处理:
用清水将步骤(2)处理后的麻纤维清洗至中性后,再进行干燥处理即可。
进一步的,步骤(1)操作a中所述的温水的温度为60~70℃。
进一步的,步骤(1)操作b中所述的蒸汽爆破处理具体是:将密闭罐内的压力升至0.65~0.75MPa,并向密闭罐内通入温度为105~110℃的水蒸汽,保温保压处理5~7min后,再将密闭罐于8s内快速卸温卸压至常温常压。
进一步的,步骤(1)操作c中所述的超声波的频率为75~80kHz。
进一步的,步骤(1)操作d中所述的微波处理的功率为500~600W。
进一步的,步骤(3)中所述的干燥处理的温度为65~70℃。
本发明对传统麻纤维的改性处理工艺进行了特殊的改进处理,可有效的避免传统方法对于麻纤维力学特性等的影响,改善了整体的品质,又提升了染色特性,其中先对麻纤维进行了预处理操作,具体先进行了蒸汽爆破处理,有效的松散了麻纤维的组织结构,尤其改善了无定形区的组织结构,去除了纤维内的果胶等杂质成分,并破坏了纤维素中的超分子结构,助于后续的接枝处理,利用物理裂解松散的方式取代传统化学分解的方式,更利于纤维力学性能的保留,接着又将麻纤维浸入到混合液A中,在超声分散的作用下,纳米二氧化钛、壳聚糖等成分能有效的渗入到麻纤维组织内部,一方面其能协同增强麻纤维对于染料的吸附固定效果,另一方面又能改善麻纤维的使用品质,最后又对麻纤维进行了微波处理,微波处理能有效的改善麻纤维表面的基团活性和含量,起到了活化的作用,避免了传统方法中碱液对纤维性能的损伤,同时在微波的震荡作用下,填充于麻纤维内的纳米二氧化钛高频振动,对纤维表面进行了机械摩擦刻蚀,提升了内部的粗糙度,增强了对染料的吸附效果,上述工艺处理后再对麻纤维进行阳离子改性剂接枝改性处理,配制的混合液B作为阳离子改性剂,其能有效的接枝于麻纤维表面上,改善了其表面电性等特征,增强了对阴离子染料的着色性能。
本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点:
本发明对麻纤维进行了特殊的加工处理,有效提升了麻纤维的着色特性,同时又改善了其力学使用特性等,综合品质好,具有很好的推广价值。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种提升麻纤维染色特性的加工方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)预处理:
a.先将麻纤维放入到温水中浸泡处理1h后取出;
b.将操作a处理后的麻纤维放入到密闭罐内进行蒸汽爆破处理,完成后取出;
c.将操作b处理后的麻纤维放入到混合液A中浸泡处理35min后取出,期间不断施加超声波进行处理;所述混合液A中各成分及其重量份为:6份纳米二氧化钛、10份铝酸酯偶联剂、4份壳聚糖、2份脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠、140份去离子水;
d.将操作c处理后的麻纤维放入到微波辐照仪中进行微波处理,20min后取出;
(2)阳离子改性处理:
将步骤(1)处理后的麻纤维放入到混合液B中进行改性处理,期间加热保持混合液B的温度为45℃,处理40min后取出;所述的混合液B中各成分及其重量份为:6份3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵、1份硬脂酸镁、1份三乙醇胺、90份水;
(3)清洗干燥处理:
用清水将步骤(2)处理后的麻纤维清洗至中性后,再进行干燥处理即可。
进一步的,步骤(1)操作a中所述的温水的温度为60℃。
进一步的,步骤(1)操作b中所述的蒸汽爆破处理具体是:将密闭罐内的压力升至0.65MPa,并向密闭罐内通入温度为105℃的水蒸汽,保温保压处理5min后,再将密闭罐于8s内快速卸温卸压至常温常压。
进一步的,步骤(1)操作c中所述的超声波的频率为75kHz。
进一步的,步骤(1)操作d中所述的微波处理的功率为500W。
进一步的,步骤(3)中所述的干燥处理的温度为65℃。
实施例2
一种提升麻纤维染色特性的加工方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)预处理:
a.先将麻纤维放入到温水中浸泡处理1.2h后取出;
b.将操作a处理后的麻纤维放入到密闭罐内进行蒸汽爆破处理,完成后取出;
c.将操作b处理后的麻纤维放入到混合液A中浸泡处理38min后取出,期间不断施加超声波进行处理;所述混合液A中各成分及其重量份为:8份纳米二氧化钛、12份铝酸酯偶联剂、6份壳聚糖、4份脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠、145份去离子水;
d.将操作c处理后的麻纤维放入到微波辐照仪中进行微波处理,23min后取出;
(2)阳离子改性处理:
将步骤(1)处理后的麻纤维放入到混合液B中进行改性处理,期间加热保持混合液B的温度为48℃,处理45min后取出;所述的混合液B中各成分及其重量份为:7份3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵、2份硬脂酸镁、1.5份三乙醇胺、95份水;
(3)清洗干燥处理:
用清水将步骤(2)处理后的麻纤维清洗至中性后,再进行干燥处理即可。
进一步的,步骤(1)操作a中所述的温水的温度为65℃。
进一步的,步骤(1)操作b中所述的蒸汽爆破处理具体是:将密闭罐内的压力升至0.70MPa,并向密闭罐内通入温度为108℃的水蒸汽,保温保压处理6min后,再将密闭罐于8s内快速卸温卸压至常温常压。
进一步的,步骤(1)操作c中所述的超声波的频率为77kHz。
进一步的,步骤(1)操作d中所述的微波处理的功率为550W。
进一步的,步骤(3)中所述的干燥处理的温度为68℃。
实施例3
一种提升麻纤维染色特性的加工方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)预处理:
a.先将麻纤维放入到温水中浸泡处理1.5h后取出;
b.将操作a处理后的麻纤维放入到密闭罐内进行蒸汽爆破处理,完成后取出;
c.将操作b处理后的麻纤维放入到混合液A中浸泡处理40min后取出,期间不断施加超声波进行处理;所述混合液A中各成分及其重量份为:9份纳米二氧化钛、14份铝酸酯偶联剂、7份壳聚糖、5份脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠、150份去离子水;
d.将操作c处理后的麻纤维放入到微波辐照仪中进行微波处理,25min后取出;
(2)阳离子改性处理:
将步骤(1)处理后的麻纤维放入到混合液B中进行改性处理,期间加热保持混合液B的温度为50℃,处理50min后取出;所述的混合液B中各成分及其重量份为:8份3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵、3份硬脂酸镁、2份三乙醇胺、100份水;
(3)清洗干燥处理:
用清水将步骤(2)处理后的麻纤维清洗至中性后,再进行干燥处理即可。
进一步的,步骤(1)操作a中所述的温水的温度为70℃。
进一步的,步骤(1)操作b中所述的蒸汽爆破处理具体是:将密闭罐内的压力升至0.75MPa,并向密闭罐内通入温度为110℃的水蒸汽,保温保压处理7min后,再将密闭罐于8s内快速卸温卸压至常温常压。
进一步的,步骤(1)操作c中所述的超声波的频率为80kHz。
进一步的,步骤(1)操作d中所述的微波处理的功率为600W。
进一步的,步骤(3)中所述的干燥处理的温度为70℃。
对比实施例1
本对比实施例1与实施例2相比,省去步骤(1)操作c处理,除此外的方法步骤均相同。
对比实施例2
本对比实施例2与实施例2相比,省去步骤(1)操作d处理,除此外的方法步骤均相同。
对比实施例3
本对比实施例3与实施例2相比,省去步骤(1)操作c和操作d处理,除此外的方法步骤均相同。
对照组
现有的麻纤维加工处理方法,具体是先将麻纤维放入到温度为25℃、质量分数为17%的氢氧化钠水溶液中溶胀处理3h后取出,再将其浸入到阳离子改性剂中,加热保持阳离子改性剂的温度为50℃,处理50min后取出干燥即可。
为了对比本发明效果,选用苎麻纤维作为实验对象,分别用上述实施例2、对比实施例1、对比实施例2、对比实施例3、对照组所述的方法进行加工处理,完成后对苎麻纤维进行性能测试,之后再进行染色实验,统计记录期间的数据,具体对比见下表1所示:
表1
断裂强度(cN/dtex) 折皱回复角(急,°) 上染率(%)
实施例2 4.10 224.1 95.3
对比实施例1 3.05 186.7 91.8
对比实施例2 3.37 178.3 90.6
对比实施例3 2.24 153.7 88.0
对照组 2.05 144.6 86.2
注:上表1中所述的断裂强度使用YG020A型电子单纱强力仪进行测试,拉伸的速度控制为205mm/min,环境温度为20℃,湿度为65%,预张力为0.05 cN/dtex;所述的折皱回复角表征纤维的抗皱性能,参照GB/T 3819-1997进行测试,所用仪器为YG541A型折皱回复测定仪;所述的上染率是测定的对活性艳红X-3B染料的上染率。
由上表1可以看出,本发明处理方法能有效的提升麻纤维的着色特性,同时又能改善麻纤维的力学等使用品质,避免了现有方法中的副作用处理效果,具有很好的推广价值。

Claims (5)

1.一种提升麻纤维染色特性的加工方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)预处理:
a.先将麻纤维放入到温水中浸泡处理1~1.5h后取出;所述的温水的温度为60~70℃;
b.将操作a处理后的麻纤维放入到密闭罐内进行蒸汽爆破处理,完成后取出;
c.将操作b处理后的麻纤维放入到混合液A中浸泡处理35~40min后取出,期间不断施加超声波进行处理;所述混合液A中各成分及其重量份为:6~9份纳米二氧化钛、10~14份铝酸酯偶联剂、4~7份壳聚糖、2~5份脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠、140~150份去离子水;
d.将操作c处理后的麻纤维放入到微波辐照仪中进行微波处理,20~25min后取出;
(2)阳离子改性处理:
将步骤(1)处理后的麻纤维放入到混合液B中进行改性处理,期间加热保持混合液B的温度为45~50℃,处理40~50min后取出;所述的混合液B中各成分及其重量份为:6~8份3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵、1~3份硬脂酸镁、1~2份三乙醇胺、90~100份水;
(3)清洗干燥处理:
用清水将步骤(2)处理后的麻纤维清洗至中性后,再进行干燥处理即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种提升麻纤维染色特性的加工方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)操作b中所述的蒸汽爆破处理具体是:将密闭罐内的压力升至0.65~0.75MPa,并向密闭罐内通入温度为105~110℃的水蒸汽,保温保压处理5~7min后,再将密闭罐于8s内快速卸温卸压至常温常压。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种提升麻纤维染色特性的加工方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)操作c中所述的超声波的频率为75~80kHz。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种提升麻纤维染色特性的加工方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)操作d中所述的微波处理的功率为500~600W。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种提升麻纤维染色特性的加工方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述的干燥处理的温度为65~70℃。
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