CN107311667B - 陶瓷坯体增强解胶剂及制备方法 - Google Patents

陶瓷坯体增强解胶剂及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107311667B
CN107311667B CN201710602918.7A CN201710602918A CN107311667B CN 107311667 B CN107311667 B CN 107311667B CN 201710602918 A CN201710602918 A CN 201710602918A CN 107311667 B CN107311667 B CN 107311667B
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宀冲己
岳强
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Guangzhou Yue Yang Chemical Co ltd
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Abstract

一种陶瓷坯体增强解胶剂，涉及陶瓷坯体增强剂技术领域，该增强解胶剂的组份及各组份的重量份为有机高分子材料为28份、无机粘粉结剂68份、水5份、氢氧化钠5份、氢氧化钙5份、氯化钠5份、碳酸钠10份，该坯体增强剂，分子链段易于运动，所以对陶瓷泥浆不会增稠，当泥浆喷雾干燥后，其分子链互相交链，形成网络结构，坯体粉料进入网状结构而被粘结在一起，起骨架作用，显著提高了坯体的强度。该坯体增强剂从根本上解决了目前普遍使用的木质素类和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)坯体增强剂的缺陷，同时还能降低企业成本。该坯体增强剂的性能检测要制成小样并经干燥后测其实际强度，而不能单单靠测其在水溶液中的粘度或流速来衡量它的增强效果。

Description

陶瓷坯体增强解胶剂及制备方法
技术领域：
本发明涉及陶瓷坯体增强剂技术领域，具体涉及一种陶瓷坯体增强解胶剂及制备方法。
背景技术：
陶瓷在提高人们生活质量的同时，给能源、环境资源带来了重大负担--陶瓷生产的主要原料优质粘土资源日益枯竭。由于优质粘土的不可再生性，在陶瓷的生产过程中，优质粘土逐渐减少、瘠性料较多的粘土所占比例逐渐增加，导致了陶瓷坯体干燥强度下降，裂纹、断角、缺边等诸多缺陷严重，以至于成品率严重降低，影响陶瓷生产。目前普遍使用的木质素类和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)坯体增强剂，其缺陷是严重影响泥浆流动性及解胶麻烦，对干燥温度敏感，为了解决上述技术问题，特提出一种新的技术方案。
发明内容：
本发明的目的是为了克服上述现有技术存在的不足之处，而提供一种陶瓷坯体增强解胶剂及制备方法。
1、本发明采用的技术方案为：一种陶瓷坯体增强解胶剂，该增强解胶剂的组份及各组份的重量份为有机高分子材料为20-40份、无机粘粉结剂50-70份、水1-10份、氢氧化钠0-10份、氢氧化钙0-10份、氯化钠0-10份、碳酸钠0-20份、腐植酸钠0-30份、碳酸氢钠15-20份、氧化硅10-30份、氧化铝0-10份、蒙脱石30-40份、羧甲基纤维素钠0-10份、木质素黄酸钠0-30份、海泡石0-10份、复合淀粉0-10份、三聚磷酸钠0-10份、滑石粉0-10份、木质素磺酸盐0-10份、萘磺酸盐甲醛聚合物0-10份、观音石0-20份、水云母0-10份、伊利粉0-10份及埃洛石0-10份。
该增强解胶剂的组份及各组份的重量份为有机高分子材料为28份、无机粘粉结剂68份、水5份、氢氧化钠5份、氢氧化钙5份、氯化钠5份、碳酸钠10份、腐植酸钠20份、碳酸氢钠17份、氧化硅20份、氧化铝5份、蒙脱石35份、羧甲基纤维素钠5份、木质素黄酸钠10份、海泡石5份、复合淀粉5份、三聚磷酸钠5份、滑石粉5份、木质素磺酸盐5份、萘磺酸盐甲醛聚合物5份、观音石10份、水云母5份、伊利粉5份及埃洛石5份。
所述的有机高分子材料包括聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、烯丙基二甘醇碳酸酯、环氧树脂、聚酰亚胺、聚苯乙烯、对苯二甲酸乙二酯，透明聚氯乙烯、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物、苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物、透明苯乙烯-丁二烯-丙烯酯、硫代氨基甲酸乙酯、聚三環癸甲基丙烯酸脂及甲基丙烯酸多环降冰片烯酯和甲基丙烯，其中各组份的重量份数为聚碳酸酯1-5份、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯1-10份、烯丙基二甘醇碳酸酯1-5份、环氧树脂1-10份、聚酰亚胺2-15份、聚苯乙烯3-20份、对苯二甲酸乙二酯1-5份，透明聚氯乙烯1-5份、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物5-10份、苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物1-15份、透明苯乙烯-丁二烯-丙烯酯15-30份、硫代氨基甲酸乙酯30-40份、聚三環癸甲基丙烯酸脂6-10份及甲基丙烯酸多环降冰片烯酯和甲基丙烯10-20份。
所述的有机高分子材料包括聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、烯丙基二甘醇碳酸酯、环氧树脂、聚酰亚胺、聚苯乙烯、对苯二甲酸乙二酯，透明聚氯乙烯、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物、苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物、透明苯乙烯-丁二烯-丙烯酯、硫代氨基甲酸乙酯、聚三環癸甲基丙烯酸脂及甲基丙烯酸多环降冰片烯酯和甲基丙烯，其中各组份的重量份数为聚碳酸酯3份、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯5份、烯丙基二甘醇碳酸酯3份、环氧树脂5份、聚酰亚胺7份、聚苯乙烯10份、对苯二甲酸乙二酯3份，透明聚氯乙烯3份、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物8份、苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物7份、透明苯乙烯-丁二烯-丙烯酯20份、硫代氨基甲酸乙酯35份、聚三環癸甲基丙烯酸脂8份及甲基丙烯酸多环降冰片烯酯和甲基丙烯15份。
所述的无机粘粉结剂包括自硫酸铝、硫酸、铝钾、三氯化铝及硅酸钠，其中各组份的重量份数为自硫酸铝10-30份、硫酸20-50份、铝钾15-30份、三氯化铝20-40份及硅酸钠1-10份。
所述的无机粘粉结剂包括自硫酸铝、硫酸、铝钾、三氯化铝及硅酸钠，其中各组份的重量份数为自硫酸铝20份、硫酸40份、铝钾25份、三氯化铝30份及硅酸钠5份。
该方法包括以下步骤：
步骤一、将有机高分子材料、无机粘粉结剂及水放置到容器A内部，将容器A放置到潮湿的环境下，要求空气的湿润度在30％RH以上，容器A的放置时间为72小时；
步骤二、将容器A从潮湿环境中取出，放置到容器B中，利用加热装置对容器B进行加热，加热时间为96小时；
步骤三、将容器B中的混合物倒入到粉碎机中，利用粉碎机将容器B内部的混合物进行粉碎，粉碎的颗粒大小小于15目；
步骤四、材料混合后搅拌湿透反应3天以上，然后粉碎至200目以上，将粉碎后的颗粒放置到容器C中，静置72小时，密封烘干，利用包装袋进行打包入库。
该方法包括以下步骤：
步骤一、首先箱每吨干料中加入0.4-2公斤的陶瓷胚体增强解胶剂，并通过搅拌装置进行搅拌均匀，此时生坯和干坯强度可增加60％以上。
步骤一中所述的搅拌装置为球磨机。
该增强解胶剂还可在泥浆池中加入，加入的量为每1000L泥浆加入0.5-1公斤的陶瓷胚体增强解胶剂。
本发明的有益效果为：该坯体增强剂，分子链段易于运动，所以对陶瓷泥浆不会增稠，当泥浆喷雾干燥后，其分子链互相交链，形成网络结构，坯体粉料进入网状结构而被粘结在一起，起骨架作用，加快了浆料流速，显著提高了坯体的强度。该坯体增强剂从根本上解决了目前普遍使用的木质素类和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)坯体增强剂的缺陷，同时还能降低企业成本。该坯体增强剂的性能检测要制成小样并经干燥后测其实际强度，而不能单单靠测其在水溶液中的粘度或流速来衡量它的增强效果。
具体实施方式：
结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步说明：
实施例一：
该增强解胶剂的组份及各组份的重量份为有机高分子材料为28份、无机粘粉结剂68份、水5份、氢氧化钠5份、氢氧化钙5份、氯化钠5份、碳酸钠10份、腐植酸钠20份、碳酸氢钠17份、氧化硅20份、氧化铝5份、蒙脱石35份、羧甲基纤维素钠0份、木质素黄酸钠1份、海泡石7份、复合淀粉6份、三聚磷酸钠2份、滑石粉3份、木质素磺酸盐5份、萘磺酸盐甲醛聚合物4份、观音石3份、水云母5份、伊利粉5份及埃洛石5份。
所述的有机高分子材料包括聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、烯丙基二甘醇碳酸酯、环氧树脂、聚酰亚胺、聚苯乙烯、对苯二甲酸乙二酯，透明聚氯乙烯、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物、苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物、透明苯乙烯-丁二烯-丙烯酯、硫代氨基甲酸乙酯、聚三環癸甲基丙烯酸脂及甲基丙烯酸多环降冰片烯酯和甲基丙烯，其中各组份的重量份数为聚碳酸酯2份、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯5份、烯丙基二甘醇碳酸酯2份、环氧树脂5份、聚酰亚胺7份、聚苯乙烯15份、对苯二甲酸乙二酯2份，透明聚氯乙烯2份、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物8份、苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物8份、透明苯乙烯-丁二烯-丙烯酯25份、硫代氨基甲酸乙酯38份、聚三環癸甲基丙烯酸脂7份及甲基丙烯酸多环降冰片烯酯和甲基丙烯15份。
所述的无机粘粉结剂包括自硫酸铝、硫酸、铝钾、三氯化铝及硅酸钠，其中各组份的重量份数为自硫酸铝12份、硫酸22份、铝钾17份、三氯化铝22份及硅酸钠3份。
实施例二：
一种陶瓷坯体增强解胶剂，该增强解胶剂的组份及各组份的重量份为有机高分子材料为28份、无机粘粉结剂68份、水5份、氢氧化钠5份、氢氧化钙5份、氯化钠5份、碳酸钠10份、腐植酸钠20份、碳酸氢钠17份、氧化硅20份、氧化铝5份、蒙脱石35份、羧甲基纤维素钠1份、木质素黄酸钠0份、海泡石0份、复合淀粉6份、三聚磷酸钠3份、滑石粉2份、木质素磺酸盐1份、萘磺酸盐甲醛聚合物3份、观音石10份、水云母3份、伊利粉3份及埃洛石3份。
所述的有机高分子材料包括聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、烯丙基二甘醇碳酸酯、环氧树脂、聚酰亚胺、聚苯乙烯、对苯二甲酸乙二酯，透明聚氯乙烯、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物、苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物、透明苯乙烯-丁二烯-丙烯酯、硫代氨基甲酸乙酯、聚三環癸甲基丙烯酸脂及甲基丙烯酸多环降冰片烯酯和甲基丙烯，其中各组份的重量份数为聚碳酸酯4份、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯9份、烯丙基二甘醇碳酸酯4份、环氧树脂9份、聚酰亚胺14份、聚苯乙烯19份、对苯二甲酸乙二酯4份，透明聚氯乙烯4份、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物8份、苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物13份、透明苯乙烯-丁二烯-丙烯酯28份、硫代氨基甲酸乙酯32份、聚三環癸甲基丙烯酸脂8份及甲基丙烯酸多环降冰片烯酯和甲基丙烯17份。
所述的无机粘粉结剂包括自硫酸铝、硫酸、铝钾、三氯化铝及硅酸钠，其中各组份的重量份数为自硫酸铝28份、硫酸46份、铝钾27份、三氯化铝36份及硅酸钠9份。
实施例三：
一种陶瓷坯体增强解胶剂，该增强解胶剂的组份及各组份的重量份为有机高分子材料为28份、无机粘粉结剂68份、水5份、氢氧化钠5份、氢氧化钙5份、氯化钠5份、碳酸钠10份、腐植酸钠20份、碳酸氢钠17份、氧化硅20份、氧化铝5份、蒙脱石35份、羧甲基纤维素钠4份、木质素黄酸钠6份、海泡石2份、复合淀粉5份、三聚磷酸钠4份、滑石粉7份、木质素磺酸盐8份、萘磺酸盐甲醛聚合物9份、观音石15份、水云母7份、伊利粉7份及埃洛石7份。
所述的有机高分子材料包括聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、烯丙基二甘醇碳酸酯、环氧树脂、聚酰亚胺、聚苯乙烯、对苯二甲酸乙二酯，透明聚氯乙烯、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物、苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物、透明苯乙烯-丁二烯-丙烯酯、硫代氨基甲酸乙酯、聚三環癸甲基丙烯酸脂及甲基丙烯酸多环降冰片烯酯和甲基丙烯，其中各组份的重量份数为聚碳酸酯5份、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯10份、烯丙基二甘醇碳酸酯5份、环氧树脂10份、聚酰亚胺15份、聚苯乙烯20份、对苯二甲酸乙二酯5份，透明聚氯乙烯5份、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物10份、苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物15份、透明苯乙烯-丁二烯-丙烯酯30份、硫代氨基甲酸乙酯40份、聚三環癸甲基丙烯酸脂10份及甲基丙烯酸多环降冰片烯酯和甲基丙烯20份。
所述的无机粘粉结剂包括自硫酸铝、硫酸、铝钾、三氯化铝及硅酸钠，其中各组份的重量份数为自硫酸铝30份、硫酸50份、铝钾30份、三氯化铝40份及硅酸钠10份。
使用效果实验：
本研究通过100家企业连续试用1年，考察该陶瓷坯体增强解胶剂各方面的效果。测试项目评分标准为：非常满意5分，满意4分，一般3分，不满意2分，非常不满意1分。其中普通组为普通陶瓷坯体增强剂；
测试项目 实施例一 实施例二 实施例三 普通组
分散性 4.8 4.9 4.9 3.0
流动性 4.8 4.9 5.0 1.0
强度 4.7 4.9 4.9 3.0
沉淀情况 4.7 4.9 4.9 3.0
综上所述，本发明的外观为白色粉状，不溶于水，无毒无味，空气中存放会吸潮，但不影响其使用性能。分散性好，用量少，增强效果显著，尤其能够显著提高干燥前的生坯强度，减少坯体破损，且不会在瓷砖中形成黑心。当温度达到400～6000C时增强剂便碳化、烧失，对最终的性能没有不良影响。加入增强剂后对泥浆的流动性能没有不良影响，不需要改变原有生产工艺，操作简单方便。对瘠性原料含量高的坯体如超白抛光砖、聚晶微粉砖等，可以显著增大使用，而对泥浆流动性影响很小。
对于本领域的技术人员来说，可根据以上技术方案以及构思，做出其他各种相应的改变以及变形，而所有的这些改变和变形都应该属于本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种陶瓷坯体增强解胶剂，其特征在于：该增强解胶剂的组份及各组份的重量份为有机高分子材料为20-40份、无机粘粉结剂50-70份、水1-10份、氢氧化钠0-10份、氢氧化钙0-10份、氯化钠0-10份、碳酸钠0-20份、腐植酸钠0-30份、碳酸氢钠15-20份、氧化硅10-30份、氧化铝0-10份、蒙脱石30-40份、羧甲基纤维素钠0-10份、木质素磺酸钠0-30份、海泡石0-10份、复合淀粉0-10份、三聚磷酸钠0-10份、滑石粉0-10份、木质素磺酸盐0-10份、萘磺酸盐甲醛聚合物0-10份、观音石0-20份、水云母0-10份、伊利粉0-10份及埃洛石0-10份；
所述的有机高分子材料包括聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、烯丙基二甘醇碳酸酯、环氧树脂、聚酰亚胺、聚苯乙烯、对苯二甲酸乙二酯、 透明聚氯乙烯、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物、苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物、透明苯乙烯-丁二烯-丙烯酯、硫代氨基甲酸乙酯、聚三环癸甲基丙烯酸脂及甲基丙烯酸多环降冰片烯酯，其中各组份的重量份数为聚碳酸酯1-5份、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯1-10份、烯丙基二甘醇碳酸酯1-5份、环氧树脂1-10份、聚酰亚胺2-15份、聚苯乙烯3-20份、对苯二甲酸乙二酯1-5份、 透明聚氯乙烯1-5份、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物5-10份、苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物1-15份、透明苯乙烯-丁二烯-丙烯酯15-30份、硫代氨基甲酸乙酯30-40份、聚三环癸甲基丙烯酸脂6-10份及甲基丙烯酸多环降冰片烯酯10-20份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷坯体增强解胶剂，其特征在于：该增强解胶剂的组份及各组份的重量份为有机高分子材料为28份、无机粘粉结剂68份、水5份、氢氧化钠5份、氢氧化钙5份、氯化钠5份、碳酸钠10份、腐植酸钠20份、碳酸氢钠17份、氧化硅20份、氧化铝5份、蒙脱石35份、羧甲基纤维素钠5份、木质素磺酸钠10份、海泡石5份、复合淀粉5份、三聚磷酸钠5份、滑石粉5份、木质素磺酸盐5份、萘磺酸盐甲醛聚合物5份、观音石10份及水云母5份、伊利粉5份及埃洛石5份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的陶瓷坯体增强解胶剂，其特征在于：所述的有机高分子材料包括聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、烯丙基二甘醇碳酸酯、环氧树脂、聚酰亚胺、聚苯乙烯、对苯二甲酸乙二酯、 透明聚氯乙烯、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物、苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物、透明苯乙烯-丁二烯-丙烯酯、硫代氨基甲酸乙酯、聚三环癸甲基丙烯酸脂及甲基丙烯酸多环降冰片烯酯，其中各组份的重量份数为聚碳酸酯3份、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯5份、烯丙基二甘醇碳酸酯3份、环氧树脂5份、聚酰亚胺7份、聚苯乙烯10份、对苯二甲酸乙二酯3份、透明聚氯乙烯3份、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物8份、苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物7份、透明苯乙烯-丁二烯-丙烯酯20份、硫代氨基甲酸乙酯35份、聚三环癸甲基丙烯酸脂8份及甲基丙烯酸多环降冰片烯酯15份。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的陶瓷坯体增强解胶剂，其特征在于：所述的无机粘粉结剂包括硫酸铝、硫酸、铝钾、三氯化铝及硅酸钠，其中各组份的重量份数为硫酸铝10-30份、硫酸20-50份、铝钾15-30份、三氯化铝20-40份及硅酸钠1-10份。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的陶瓷坯体增强解胶剂，其特征在于：所述的无机粘粉结剂包括硫酸铝、硫酸、铝钾、三氯化铝及硅酸钠，其中各组份的重量份数为硫酸铝20份、硫酸40份、铝钾25份、三氯化铝30份及硅酸钠5份。
6.如权利要求1-5任一项所述的一种陶瓷坯体增强解胶剂的制备方法，其特征在于：该方法包括以下步骤：
步骤一、将有机高分子材料、无机粘粉结剂及水放置到容器A内部，将容器A放置到潮湿的环境下，要求空气的湿润度在30％RH以上，容器A的放置时间为72小时；
步骤二、将容器A从潮湿环境中取出，放置到容器B中，利用加热装置对容器B进行加热，加热时间为96小时；
步骤三、将容器B中的混合物倒入到粉碎机中，利用粉碎机将容器B内部的混合物进行粉碎，粉碎的颗粒大小小于15目；
步骤四、将粉碎后的颗粒放置到容器C中，静置72小时，利用包装袋进行打包入库。
7.如权利要求1-5任一项所述的一种陶瓷坯体增强解胶剂的使用方法，其特征在于：该方法包括以下步骤：
步骤一、每吨干料中加入0.4-2公斤的陶瓷坯体增强解胶剂，并通过搅拌装置进行搅拌均匀，此时生坯和干坯强度可增加60％以上。
8.根据权利要求7所述的陶瓷坯体增强解胶剂的使用方法，其特征在于：步骤一中所述的搅拌装置为球磨机。
9.根据权利要求8所述的陶瓷坯体增强解胶剂的使用方法，其特征在于：该增强解胶剂还可在泥浆池中加入，加入的量为每1000L泥浆加入0.5-1公斤的陶瓷坯体增强解胶剂。
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