CN107299541A - 一种涤纶织物用环保型助染试剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种涤纶织物用环保型助染试剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107299541A
CN107299541A CN201710511307.1A CN201710511307A CN107299541A CN 107299541 A CN107299541 A CN 107299541A CN 201710511307 A CN201710511307 A CN 201710511307A CN 107299541 A CN107299541 A CN 107299541A
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何帅松
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种涤纶织物用环保型助染试剂，包括以下主要原料：稳定剂、有机酸、硼砂、壳聚糖、匀染剂、分散剂、氧化锌和六偏磷酸钠。该助染试剂，主要原料为硼砂和六偏磷酸钠，再辅以稳定剂和少量的氧化锌，将无机盐的含量降到了不足1%，显著降低了环境危害，同时在制备过程中，不加入卤素和重金属等对人体和环境有害的化合物；本发明的助染试剂与活性染料配合使用，经染色的天然混纺织物不但色泽均匀，无色差，而且颜色鲜艳，固色效果好。

Description

一种涤纶织物用环保型助染试剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织印染技术领域，尤其涉及一种涤纶织物用环保型助染试剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
涤纶是合成纤维中的一个重要品种，是我国聚酯纤维的商品名称。它是以精对苯二甲酸（PTA）或对苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMT）和乙二醇（EG）为原料经酯化或酯交换和缩聚反应而制得的成纤高聚物——聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET），经纺丝和后处理制成的纤维。一般，涤纶面料具有以下优点：
1、涤纶织物具有较高的强度与弹性恢复能力。因此，其坚牢耐用、抗皱免烫。
2、涤纶是合纤织物中耐热性最好的面料，具有热塑性，可制做百褶裙，褶裥持久。同时，涤纶织物的抗熔性较差，遇着烟灰、火星等易形成孔洞。因此，穿着时应尽量避免烟头、火花等的接触。
3、涤纶织物的耐光性较好，除比腈纶差外，其耐晒能力胜过天然纤维织物。
4、涤纶织物耐各种化学品性能良好。酸、碱对其破坏程度都不大，同时不怕霉菌，不怕虫蛀。
但是染色性较差，但色牢度好，不易褪色。涤纶分子链上因无特定的染色基团，而且极性较小，所以染色较为困难，易染性较差，染料分子不易进入纤维。
消除活性染料染色中的盐污染问题，目前主要由两种方法，一是从增加活性染料与棉纤维亲和力着手即棉纤维阳离子化，通过化学和物理的方法对棉纤维进行改性，使纤维表面带正电荷，通过正负电荷之间的静电作用增加纤维与染料的亲和力，达到促染的作用。但是这种方法存在不足之处，如不能循环利用，对纤维本身的性能有影响，小分子试剂用量大，并且有的有毒副作用，高分子试剂不利于染料渗透，染色纤维色光不鲜艳等问题。
其二是代用盐技术，即应用无污染、对环境友好的化合物来替代元明粉(化学名称：无水硫酸钠，别名：元明粉、无水芒硝)，这些化合物大多数仍然是盐类，故称作代用盐。人们通过研究知道，一元羧酸盐的盐效应比NaCl强，多元羧酸比一元羧酸盐强，用它们代替食盐和元明粉，盐用量可大大减少，但目前这些所谓的代用盐价格同食盐、元明粉比起来实在是太贵，因此也无法推广和应用。
中国发明专利CN101560736A公开了一种新型替代元明粉的促染剂，它能大幅度降低棉纤维活性染料中的盐用量(使用极少量的促染剂就可使元明粉降到原来用量的50％)，是一种在既有利于环保，同时又能降低印染企业生产成本的环保型助剂，但是随着我国对印染行业环保要求的不断提高，迫切需要研发一种成本低、可完全替代元明粉的助染试剂。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种涤纶织物用环保型助染试剂及其制备方法。
一种涤纶织物用环保型助染试剂，包括以下主要原料：稳定剂、有机酸、硼砂、壳聚糖、匀染剂、分散剂、氧化锌和六偏磷酸钠。
优选的，所述的涤纶织物用环保型助染试剂，包括以下重量百分比的主要原料：稳定剂 2-4%、有机酸 2-8%、硼砂 10-20%、壳聚糖 2-5%、匀染剂 1-3%、分散剂 0.5-1%、氧化锌 0.5-0.8%和六偏磷酸钠 余量。
优选的，所述的稳定剂为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
优选的，所述的有机酸为羧酸，进一步优选为乙酸。
优选的，所述的匀染剂为脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚。
一种涤纶织物用环保型助染试剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
A、将硼砂和氧化锌加入少量水中，并加入分散剂，进行高速研磨；
B、加入稳定剂、有机酸、匀染剂、六偏磷酸钠和余量的水，加热至70-85℃，在350-400rpm条件下搅拌均匀；
C、加入壳聚糖，高速分散20-30min，形成均匀的乳状物；
D、经冷冻干燥，得到助染试剂。
优选的，所述的步骤B中，硼砂和氧化锌的粒径均为1-50μm。
本发明的涤纶织物用环保型助染试剂，主要原料为硼砂和六偏磷酸钠，再辅以稳定剂和少量的氧化锌，将无机盐的含量降到了不足1%，显著降低了环境危害，同时在制备过程中，不加入卤素和重金属等对人体和环境有害的化合物；与活性染料配合使用，经染色的天然混纺织物不但色泽均匀，无色差，而且颜色鲜艳，固色效果好。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种涤纶织物用环保型助染试剂，包括以下重量百分比的主要原料：稳定剂 3%、有机酸 5%、硼砂 12%、壳聚糖 3%、匀染剂 1.5%、分散剂 0.8%、氧化锌 0.7%和六偏磷酸钠 余量。
所选的，所述的稳定剂为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
所述的有机酸为乙酸。
所述的匀染剂为脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚。
一种涤纶织物用环保型助染试剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
A、将硼砂和氧化锌加入少量水中，并加入分散剂，进行高速研磨；
B、加入稳定剂、有机酸、匀染剂、六偏磷酸钠和余量的水，加热至70-85℃，在380rpm条件下搅拌均匀；
C、加入壳聚糖，高速分散25min，形成均匀的乳状物；
D、经冷冻干燥，得到助染试剂。
所述的步骤B中，硼砂和氧化锌的粒径均为1-50μm。
实施例2
一种涤纶织物用环保型助染试剂，包括以下重量百分比的主要原料：稳定剂 4%、有机酸 2%、硼砂 20%、壳聚糖 2%、匀染剂 3%、分散剂 0.5%、氧化锌 0.8%和六偏磷酸钠 余量。
所选的，所述的稳定剂为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
所述的有机酸为乙酸。
所述的匀染剂为脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚。
一种涤纶织物用环保型助染试剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
A、将硼砂和氧化锌加入少量水中，并加入分散剂，进行高速研磨；
B、加入稳定剂、有机酸、匀染剂、六偏磷酸钠和余量的水，加热至85℃，在350rpm条件下搅拌均匀；
C、加入壳聚糖，高速分散30min，形成均匀的乳状物；
D、经冷冻干燥，得到助染试剂。
所述的步骤B中，硼砂和氧化锌的粒径均为1-50μm。
实施例3
一种涤纶织物用环保型助染试剂，包括以下重量百分比的主要原料：稳定剂 2%、有机酸 8%、硼砂 10%、壳聚糖 5%、匀染剂 1%、分散剂 1%、氧化锌 0.5%和六偏磷酸钠 余量。
所选的，所述的稳定剂为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
所述的有机酸为乙酸。
所述的匀染剂为脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚。
一种涤纶织物用环保型助染试剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
A、将硼砂和氧化锌加入少量水中，并加入分散剂，进行高速研磨；
B、加入稳定剂、有机酸、匀染剂、六偏磷酸钠和余量的水，加热至70-85℃，在400rpm条件下搅拌均匀；
C、加入壳聚糖，高速分散20min，形成均匀的乳状物；
D、经冷冻干燥，得到助染试剂。
所述的步骤B中，硼砂和氧化锌的粒径均为1-50μm。
将本发明实施例1-3的涤纶织物用环保型助染试剂与活性染料共同使用，应用于涤纶织物的染色，助染试剂的加入量为1-3%，浴比为1：（10-20），就可以得到非常好的染色效果；50次皂洗色牢度可以达到4级或5级。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变型，这些改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种涤纶织物用环保型助染试剂，其特征在于，包括以下主要原料：稳定剂、有机酸、硼砂、壳聚糖、匀染剂、分散剂、氧化锌和六偏磷酸钠。
2.如权利要求1所述的涤纶织物用环保型助染试剂，其特征在于，包括以下重量百分比的主要原料：稳定剂 2-4%、有机酸 2-8%、硼砂 10-20%、壳聚糖 2-5%、匀染剂 1-3%、分散剂0.5-1%、氧化锌 0.5-0.8%和六偏磷酸钠 余量。
3.如权利要求1所述的涤纶织物用环保型助染试剂，其特征在于，所述的稳定剂为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
4.如权利要求1所述的涤纶织物用环保型助染试剂，其特征在于，所述的有机酸为羧酸。
5.如权利要求4所述的涤纶织物用环保型助染试剂，其特征在于，所述的有机酸为乙酸。
6.如权利要求1所述的涤纶织物用环保型助染试剂，其特征在于，所述的匀染剂为脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚。
7.一种涤纶织物用环保型助染试剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
A、将硼砂和氧化锌加入少量水中，并加入分散剂，进行高速研磨；
B、加入稳定剂、有机酸、匀染剂、六偏磷酸钠和余量的水，加热至70-85℃，在350-400rpm条件下搅拌均匀；
C、加入壳聚糖，高速分散20-30min，形成均匀的乳状物；
D、经冷冻干燥，得到助染试剂。
8.如权利要求1所述的涤纶织物用环保型助染试剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的步骤B中，硼砂和氧化锌的粒径均为1-50μm。
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Application publication date: 20171027