CN107296093A - 一种山药贮藏期青霉病生物防治方法 - Google Patents

一种山药贮藏期青霉病生物防治方法 Download PDF

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CN107296093A
CN107296093A CN201710552385.6A CN201710552385A CN107296093A CN 107296093 A CN107296093 A CN 107296093A CN 201710552385 A CN201710552385 A CN 201710552385A CN 107296093 A CN107296093 A CN 107296093A
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chinese yam
storage
penicilliosis
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stalk
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吴金平
周洁
丁自立
矫振彪
郭凤领
曾凡顺
邱正明
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Enshi Yijia Modern Agricultural Development Co ltd
Institute of Economic Crop of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23BPRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B7/00Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/14Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
    • A23B7/144Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N41/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom
    • A01N41/02Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom containing a sulfur-to-oxygen double bond
    • A01N41/04Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A01N41/08Sulfonic acid halides; alpha-Hydroxy-sulfonic acids; Amino-sulfonic acids; Thiosulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/40Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides
    • A01N47/46Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides containing —N=C=S groups
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23VINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及蔬菜贮藏领域,具体公开了一种山药贮藏期青霉病生物防治方法,其特点是通过山药的采收、运输、贮藏期间温湿度管理,贮藏库熏蒸生物药剂的使用,对山药贮藏期青霉病防效可达到95%左右。与目前所报道的化学药剂相比,本发明的专用药剂对环境无污染;本发明生产工艺简单,具有使用方法简便、安全,成本费用低、易推广的特点。

Description

一种山药贮藏期青霉病生物防治方法
技术领域
本发明涉及蔬菜贮藏领域,具体的说是一种山药贮藏期青霉病生物防治方法。
背景技术
山药营养丰富,有药用价值和滋补价值,属于上等滋补食物,由于山药种植和采收工作比较费工,直接导致山药的市场价格走俏,目前不同等级的山药价格在3-15元/斤。然而,山药在收获后的贮藏过程中,最常出现的是山药青霉软腐病,由此带来巨大的经济损失。该病在山药生长期很少发生,主要在储藏期发生,危害山药块茎,初期在块茎截口面或块茎表面产生大小不等的白色絮状菌丝团,后变成浅蓝色霉层,病部软腐,最后干缩,不能食用。
目前山药仍主要采用传统的沟藏、埋藏、筐藏及简易窖藏、库藏等方法,无法有效解决山药贮藏期青霉病的问题,限制了其大规模种植和产品、深加工产品开发,降低其经济价值,函待研究科技型保鲜技术来解决这些问题。
化学防腐剂虽然能够杀死病原菌,达到防治青霉病的目的,但是很多化学合成物质对人体健康却有不利的影响,甚至可能对人体产生致癌、致畸和致突变的副作用。近年来,以天然中草药和香辛料为原料制备的天然防腐剂以其广谱、高效、无毒副作用、无化学残留和污染的优点深受广大消费者的青睐。
发明内容
本发明为解决传统的山药贮藏期青霉病防治问题,本发明提供了了一种山药贮藏期青霉病生物防治方法,方法简单,
为了达到上述目的,本发明采取以下技术措施:
一种山药贮藏期青霉病生物防治方法,包括下述步骤:
1、选取表皮未受机械损伤,或是受过机械损伤已处理并已形成愈伤组织的山药;
2、贮藏库消毒:贮藏库用8-15g/m3硫磺密闭熏蒸12-36h;
3、贮藏时先在底面铺一层3-8cm细砂土或秸秆,将山药整株按照同一方向水平放置,按一层山药、一层3-8cm细砂土或秸秆的顺序摆放,形成码堆,堆高在1.1-1.7m,最上层加盖7-15cm细砂土或秸秆;
4、贮藏期间的温湿度管理:相对湿度70%-90%,温度2℃-15℃;
5、将装有熏蒸剂的容器置于贮藏库中,按40-120g/m3进行熏蒸,每隔10-20天熏蒸一次;
所述的熏蒸剂的配方包括:烯丙基异硫氰酸酯:乙蒜素:乙酸乙酯=(5-8)︰(45-52)︰(15-25)(w/w/w)或烯丙基异硫氰酸酯:乙蒜素:乙醇=(1-5)︰(15-25)︰(8-15)(w/w/w);
所述砂土或秸秆的含水量为10%~30%。
以上所述的方案中,优选的,所述的熏蒸剂的配方包括:
烯丙基异硫氰酸酯:乙蒜素:乙酸乙酯=7︰50︰20或烯丙基异硫氰酸酯:乙蒜素:乙醇=3︰20︰10。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下效果:
利用本发明的山药贮藏期青霉病生物防治方法,在贮藏4个月后,用常规方法贮藏的山药青霉病发病率为40%-60%,严重时全部霉烂;失重率达6.7-7.2%,其商品价值已受到影响,而用本发明的方法,青霉病发病率为3.9~5.1%,失重率为3.0~4.1%,具有极高的商品价值。本发明提供的方法持续性好、操作方便、处理费用低;本品对人、牲畜无毒,对保护对象无腐蚀性、毒害,药剂使用时挥发性强,不易燃、不爆炸,产品加工容易、储存运输方便。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例所使用的试剂,如未特别说明,市售的均可实现本发明。所述技术方案,如未特别说明,均为本领域的常规方案。
本发明实施例使用的药剂,烯丙基异硫氰酸酯购于武汉科立基生物科技有限公司,含量92%;乙蒜素购于河南科邦农业有限公司,含量80%。乙酸乙酯和乙醇购于武汉市山青化工有限公司,分析纯。
实施例1:
本实施例的贮藏库位于在湖北省恩施市龙凤镇二坡村新街组,200m2
实验分为两组,对照组为常规的库藏法;实验组按照以下方式进行:
一种山药贮藏期青霉病生物防治方法:
1选取表皮未受机械损伤,或是受过机械损伤已处理并已形成愈伤组织的山药;
2、贮藏库消毒:贮藏库用10g/m3硫磺密闭熏蒸24h。
3、贮藏时先在底面铺一层5cm细砂土,将山药整株按照同一方向水平放置,按一层山药、一层5cm细砂土(含水量20%)顺序摆放,形成码堆,堆高在1.4-1.6m,最上层加盖10cm细砂土。
4、贮藏期间的温湿度管理:相对湿度80%-85%,温度4℃-15℃。
5、将装有熏蒸剂的容器置于贮藏库中,所述熏蒸剂由烯丙基异硫氰酸酯、乙蒜素、乙酸乙酯按7︰50︰20(各组分的纯净物的质量比)的比例混合而成,按50g/m3进行熏蒸,每隔15d熏蒸一次,山药从11月20日贮藏,贮藏至来年4月20日;在来年的4月20日,分别在贮藏库门口、贮藏库中间、离贮藏库门口最远处三个地点各选取100根山药,统计山药青霉病发病率、失重率;
青霉病发病率统计公式如下:
山药失重率的公式:
结果:实验组的青霉病发病率为4.3%,山药失重率3.24%。对照组的青霉病发病率为52.3%,失重率是6.8%。
实施例2:
本实施例的贮藏库位于湖北省利川市团堡镇,100m2
实验分为两组,对照组为常规的库藏法;实验组按照以下方式进行:
一种山药贮藏期青霉病生物防治方法:
1、选取表皮未受机械损伤,或是受过机械损伤已处理并已形成愈伤组织的山药;
2、贮藏库消毒:贮藏库用10g/m3硫磺密闭熏蒸24h。
3、贮藏时先在底面铺一层5cm含水量为10%玉米秸秆,将山药整株按照同一方向水平放置,按一层山药、一层5cm秸秆顺序摆放,堆高在1.4-1.6m,最上层加盖10cm秸秆。
4、贮藏期间的温湿度管理:相对湿度80%-85%,温度4℃-15℃。
5、将装有熏蒸剂的容器置于贮藏库中,所述熏蒸剂由烯丙基异硫氰酸酯、乙蒜素、乙醇按3︰20︰10(各组分的纯净物的质量比)的比例组成,按100g/m3进行熏蒸,15d熏蒸一次,山药从11月1日贮藏,贮藏至来年4月1日,在来年的4月1日,分别在贮藏库门口、贮藏库中间、离贮藏库门口最远处三个地点各选取100根山药,统计青霉病发病率,失重率;青霉病发病率为5.1%,失重率为3.45%,而对照组的青霉病发病率为59.8%,失重率为7.0%。

Claims (2)

1.一种山药贮藏期青霉病生物防治方法,包括下述步骤:
1)选取表皮未受机械损伤,或是受过机械损伤已处理并已形成愈伤组织的山药;
2)贮藏库消毒:贮藏库用8-15g/m3硫磺密闭熏蒸12-36h;
3)贮藏时先在底面铺一层3-8 cm细砂土或秸秆,将山药整株按照同一方向水平放置,按一层山药、一层3-8 cm细砂土或秸秆的顺序摆放,形成码堆,堆高在1.1-1.7m,最上层加盖7-15cm细砂土或秸秆;
4)贮藏期间的温湿度管理:相对湿度70%-90%,温度2℃-15℃;
5)将装有熏蒸剂的容器置于贮藏库中,按40-120g/m3进行熏蒸,每隔10-20天熏蒸一次;
所述熏蒸剂的配方包括:烯丙基异硫氰酸酯:乙蒜素:乙酸乙酯=(5-8)︰(45-52)︰(15-25)(w/w/w)或烯丙基异硫氰酸酯:乙蒜素:乙醇=(1-5)︰(15-25)︰(8-15)(w/w/w);
所述砂土或秸秆的含水量为10%~30%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,所述熏蒸剂的配方包括:烯丙基异硫氰酸酯:乙蒜素:乙酸乙酯=7︰50︰20或烯丙基异硫氰酸酯:乙蒜素:乙醇=3︰20︰10。
CN201710552385.6A 2017-07-07 2017-07-07 一种山药贮藏期青霉病生物防治方法 Pending CN107296093A (zh)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023183341A1 (en) * 2022-03-21 2023-09-28 Apeel Technology, Inc. Gas phase treatment of produce

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Application publication date: 20171027