CN107293591A - 印刷线路、薄膜晶体管及其制造方法 - Google Patents

印刷线路、薄膜晶体管及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN107293591A
CN107293591A CN201610220055.2A CN201610220055A CN107293591A CN 107293591 A CN107293591 A CN 107293591A CN 201610220055 A CN201610220055 A CN 201610220055A CN 107293591 A CN107293591 A CN 107293591A
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metal
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manufacture method
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CN107293591B (zh
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何羽轩
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Winbond Electronics Corp
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Abstract

本发明提供一种印刷线路、薄膜晶体管及其制造方法。线路结构包括多个金属纳米结构以及金属氧化物层。金属氧化物层配置于金属纳米结构的表面上且填满金属纳米结构的交会处的间隙。配置于金属纳米结构的表面上的金属氧化物层的厚度介于0.1纳米至10纳米。同时以上线路的制造方法、薄膜晶体管及其制造方法亦被提出。本发明的线路结构可以阻止水气进入以避免氧化,亦可增加其耐热性及维持导电性,进而提升线路的稳定性以及导电性。

Description

印刷线路、薄膜晶体管及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种印刷线路、薄膜晶体管及其制造方法,尤其涉及一种具有优异耐热性及导电性的印刷线路、具有改善的操作电压的薄膜晶体管及其制造方法。
背景技术
在现今印刷线路制程中,所使用的导电墨水多以经纳米化的金属颗粒与溶剂混合而成。但由于金属颗粒经纳米化后,会大幅提高所形成的金属结构的氧化速度,因此降低其稳定性以及缩短保存周期。虽然现行的导电墨水中多以具有高稳定性的金和/或银的纳米颗粒或纳米线来形成,但即便如此,当导电墨水暴露在空气中,依然会产生稳定性降低及保存周期缩短的问题。为了解决上述的问题,目前的解决方法多半集中于化学合成方法的开发,例如在金属纳米颗粒上形成保护层或保护膜,但此类方法仅可对应专一的金属。因此,开发泛用性的保护层制作方法是目前极需努力的目标。
发明内容
本发明提供一种印刷线路,其在金属纳米结构上具有金属氧化物层且金属氧化物层填满金属纳米结构的交会处的间隙。
本发明提供一种印刷线路的制造方法,可制造具有高稳定性及优异导电性的印刷线路。
本发明提供一种薄膜晶体管,其在源极与漏极的金属纳米结构上具有金属氧化物层且金属氧化物层填满金属纳米结构的交会处的间隙。
本发明提供一种薄膜晶体管的制造方法,可制造具有改善的操作电压的薄膜晶体管。
本发明提供一种印刷线路,印刷线路位于基板上。线路结构包括多个金属纳米结构以及金属氧化物层。金属氧化物层配置于金属纳米结构的表面上 且填满金属纳米结构的交会处的间隙,其中位于金属纳米结构的表面上的金属氧化物层的厚度例如是介于0.1纳米至10纳米。
本发明提供一种制造印刷线路的方法,包括:首先,进行第一印刷制程,以于基板上形成金属层,其中金属层包括多个金属纳米结构。接着,进行第二印刷制程,以于金属层上形成金属氧化物前驱物层,且金属氧化物前驱物层覆盖金属层,其中金属氧化物前驱物层包括金属氧化物前驱物及溶剂。然后,进行加热制程,以去除金属氧化物前驱物层中的溶剂以及使金属氧化物前驱物层中的金属氧化物前驱物还原成金属氧化物,以于金属纳米结构的表面上形成金属氧化物层,且金属氧化物层填满金属纳米结构的交会处的间隙。形成于所述金属纳米结构的表面上的所述金属氧化物层的厚度介于0.1纳米至10纳米。
本发明提供一种薄膜晶体管,其包括源极与漏极、主动层、介电层以及栅极。源极与漏极配置于基板上。主动层覆盖源极与漏极且填入源极与漏极之间的间隙。介电层覆盖主动层。栅极配置于介电层上。源极与所述漏极包括多个金属纳米结构以及金属氧化物层,金属氧化物层配置于金属纳米结构的表面上且填满金属纳米结构的交会处的间隙,以及配置于金属纳米结构的表面上的金属氧化物层的厚度为0.1纳米至10纳米。
本发明提供一种形成薄膜晶体管的方法,其包括:首先,进行第一印刷制程,以于基板上形成图案化导电层,其中图案化导电层包括多个金属纳米结构。接着,进行第二印刷制程,以于图案化导电层上形成金属氧化物前驱物层,且金属氧化物前驱物层覆盖图案化导电层,其中金属氧化物前驱物层包括金属氧化物前驱物及溶剂。然后,进行加热制程,以去除金属氧化物前驱物层中的溶剂以及使金属氧化物前驱物层中的金属氧化物前驱物还原成金属氧化物,以于金属纳米结构的表面上形成金属氧化物层,且金属氧化物层填满金属纳米结构的交会处的间隙。之后,于基板上形成主动层,覆盖图案化导电层与金属氧化物层且填入图案化导电层之间的间隙。其后,于基板上形成介电层,覆盖主动层。再者,于所述介电层上形成栅极。形成于金属纳米结构的表面上的金属氧化物层的厚度介于0.1纳米至10纳米。
基于上述,本发明的印刷线路由于在金属纳米结构的表面上具有金属氧化层,除了可以阻止水气进入以避免氧化外,亦可增加其耐热性及维持导电 性。此外,由于金属氧化物层会聚集在金属纳米结构间的交界处,因此可有助于相邻金属纳米结构之间的接合,进而提升线路的稳定性以及导电性。另外,本发明的薄膜晶体管的源极/漏极中的金属纳米结构上具有金属氧化物层,有助于电子或电洞的注入,进而改变功函数(work function)以及改善薄膜晶体管的操作电压。
为让本发明的上述特征和优点能更明显易懂,下文特举实施例,并配合附图作详细说明如下。
附图说明
1 3所显示为本发明实施例的印刷线路的制造流程示意
4A 4D所显示为本发明实施例的薄膜晶体管的制造流程剖面
5A为在喷印胶体组成物前的纳米银线的电子显微镜照片;
5B为在喷印胶体组成物并进行烘烤后的纳米银线的扫描式电子显微镜(Scanning Electron Microscope;SEM)照片;
6A为实例2的纳米银线的扫描式电子显微镜照片;
6B为比较例1的纳米银线的扫描式电子显微镜照片;
7为实例3与比较例2的温度-片电阻曲线
标记:
10:印刷线路
20:薄膜晶体管
100、400:基板
110:金属层
112:金属纳米结构
120:金属氧化物前驱物层
130:金属氧化物层
132:交会处
402a:源极
402b:漏极
404:主动层
406:介电层
408:栅极
T:厚度
具体实施方式
1 3所显示为本发明实施例的印刷线路的制造流程示意
首先,请参照 1,进行第一印刷制程,以在基板100上形成金属层110。基板100例如是玻璃基板或硅基板。形成金属层110的方法例如是喷墨印刷法。在本实施例中,金属层110包括多个金属纳米结构112。金属纳米结构112可以是金属纳米线、金属纳米粒子或其组合。金属纳米结构112的材料例如是金、银或铜。金属纳米线的线宽例如是介于10纳米至50纳米。金属纳米粒子的粒径例如是介于10纳米至300纳米。
接着,请参照 2,进行第二印刷制程,以于金属层110上形成金属氧化物前驱物层120,且金属氧化物前驱物层120覆盖金属层110。形成金属氧化物前驱物层120的方法例如是使用喷墨印刷法将胶态的金属氧化物前驱物溶液喷印至金属层110上,并使胶态的金属氧化物前驱物溶液完全地覆盖金属层110。在本实施例中,金属氧化物前驱物溶液包括金属氧化物前驱物及溶剂。金属氧化物前驱物的材料例如是二氧化钛前驱物、氧化锌前驱物或氧化钨前驱物。溶剂例如是水。
在本实施例中,由于是于基板100上喷印金属层110之后才于金属层110上喷印金属氧化物前驱物层120,而非将形成金属材料层110与金属氧化物前驱物层120的溶液混合后,将上述混合液喷印至基板100上,因此不需额外测试或调整喷印上述混合液的最佳参数。藉此除了可简化制程外,亦可减少因混合不当所造成喷头阻塞的问题。
接着,请参照 3,进行加热制程,加热金属氧化物前驱物层120,以于金属纳米结构112的表面上形成金属氧化物层130。至此,即完成了印刷线路10的制作。详细来说,在加热过程中,金属氧化物前驱物层120中的溶剂会因加热而去除,且金属氧化物前驱物会还原成金属氧化物。此外,在溶剂蒸发过程中,金属氧化物层130除了会形成在金属纳米结构112的表面上,金属氧化物层130亦会逐渐朝向金属纳米结构112的交会处132聚集。也就是说,在加热制程之后,金属氧化物层130会填满金属纳米结构112的交会 处132的间隙。在本实施例中,形于所述金属纳米结构112的表面上的所述金属氧化物层130的厚度T例如是介于0.1纳米至10纳米。
在本实施例中,加热金属氧化物前驱物层120的方法例如是将形成有金属氧化物前驱物层的基板放置于烘箱中加热,但本发明不限于此。在另一实施例中,亦可利用加热板、辐射、热气等来加热金属氧化物前驱物层120。加热金属氧化物前驱物层120的温度例如是介于50℃至200℃。加热金属氧化物前驱物层120的时间例如是介于5分钟至120分钟。
在本实施例中,由于在金属纳米结构112的表面上形成有金属氧化物层130,因此金属氧化物层130可作为保护膜以防止水气以及避免氧化。此外,聚集在金属纳米结构112的交会处132的金属氧化物层130亦可有助于相邻金属纳米结构112之间的接合,进而提升线路的稳定性以及导电性。另外,金属氧化物层130亦可增加线路与基板间的黏着性,进而提升整体线路结构的稳定性。
4A 4D所显示为本发明实施例的薄膜晶体管20的制造流程剖面
首先,请参照 4A,于基板400上形成源极402a与漏极402b。在本实施例中,使用相同于 1 3的方法来形成源极402a与漏极402b。具体来说,首先,进行第一印刷制程,于基板400上形成图案化导电层(未显示),接着,对图案化导电层进行第二印刷制程以及加热制程,以于基板400上形成源极402a与漏极402b。
在本实施例中,由于源极402a与漏极402b的金属纳米结构表面具有金属氧化物层,因此金属氧化物层可作为保护膜以防止水气以及避免氧化。此外,聚集在金属纳米结构的交会处的金属氧化物层亦可有助于相邻金属纳米结构之间的接合,进而提升源极402a与漏极402b的稳定性以及导电性。
接着,请参照 4B,于基板400上形成主动层404,主动层404覆盖源极402a与漏极402b且填入源极402a与漏极402b之间的间隙。在本实施例中,主动层404是覆盖源极402a与漏极402b部分的上表面。在另一实施例中,主动层404亦可完全地覆盖源极402a与漏极402b。主动层404的材料例如是有机半导体或无机半导体。形成主动层404的方法例如是喷墨印刷法。
然后,请参照 4C,于基板400上形成介电层406,介电层406覆盖主 动层404。介电层406的材料例如是氧化硅或氮化硅等介电材料。形成介电层406的方法例如是喷墨印刷法。
之后,请参照 4D,于介电层406上形成栅极408。栅极408的材料例如是金属、掺杂多晶硅或透明导电氧化物等导电材料。金属例如是金、银、铝、铜、铬、镍、钛、铂、钯或前述材料的合金。透明导电氧化物如铟锡氧化物等。形成栅极408的方法例如是喷墨印刷法。至此,即完成了薄膜晶体管20的制作。
在本实施例中,由于源极与漏极的金属纳米结构上具有金属氧化物层,且金属氧化物层填满金属纳米结构的交会处的间隙,因此有助于电子或电洞的注入,进而改变功函数以及改善薄膜晶体管的操作电压。
以下,列举本发明的实例以更具体对本发明进行说明。然而,在不脱离本发明的精神,可适当地对以下的实例中所示的材料、使用方法等进行变更。因此,本发明的范围不应以以下所示的实例来限定解释。
[制造具有保护膜的印刷线路]
实例1
首先,在基板上喷印含有纳米银线的金属墨水。接着,在金属墨水上喷印含有TiO2前驱物的胶体组成物。然后,在150℃下烘烤1小时以去除溶剂并使TiO2前驱物在纳米银线的表面上还原成TiO2。至此,即在基板上形成具有TiO2保护膜的印刷线路。
5A为在喷印胶体组成物前的纳米银线的扫描式电子显微镜照片。 5B为在喷印胶体组成物并进行烘烤后的纳米银线的扫描式照片。由 5B可以看出,在将喷印胶体组成物进行烘烤后,胶体除了会形成在纳米银线的表面上,胶体也会聚集在纳米银线的交界处,有助于相邻纳米银线之间的接合,进而提升线路的稳定性以及导电性。
[热稳定性测试]
实例2(喷印金属墨水以及含有TiO2前驱物的胶体组成物)
首先,在基板上喷印含有纳米银线的金属墨水。接着,在金属墨水上喷印含有TiO2前驱物的胶体组成物。然后,进行加热制程以去除溶剂。接着,在400℃下烘烤1小时后,使用扫描式电子显微镜观察纳米银线的状态。
比较例1(仅喷印金属墨水)
首先,在基板上喷印含有纳米银线的金属墨水。然后,进行加热制程以去除溶剂。接着,在250℃下烘烤1小时后,使用扫描式电子显微镜观察纳米银线的状态。
6A为实例2的纳米银线的扫描式电子显微镜照片。 6B为比较例1的纳米银线的扫描式电子显微镜照片。
6A可以看出,实例1的纳米银线在400℃下烘烤1小时后,外观仍然维持原状且呈现透明状。反观比较例1,由 6B可以看出,比较例1的纳米银线在250℃下烘烤1小时后,纳米银线已因高温而溶解且团聚形成银颗粒。由上述的结果可知,由于实例1的纳米银在线涂布有胶态的保护膜,除了可防止水气进入外,亦可增加热稳定性。
[不同温度对导电性的影响]
由于高温会影响纳米银线的稳定性,而纳米银线的稳定性可对应纳米银线的导电性,因此为了进一步测试不同烘烤温度下所形成的纳米银线的导电性,在本实施例中,对具有保护膜的纳米银线以及不具有保护膜的纳米银线进行不同温度条件的烘烤制程,并量测各个温度条件所制作的纳米银线的片电阻。
实例3
首先,在基板上喷印含有纳米银线的金属墨水。接着,在金属墨水上喷印含有TiO2前驱物的胶体组成物。然后,进行加热制程以去除溶剂。之后,分别在25℃、50℃、100℃、150℃、200℃、250℃、300℃、400℃下烘烤1小时后,量测具有保护膜的纳米银线在各个温度点的片电阻。
比较例2
首先,在基板上喷印含有纳米银线的金属墨水。接着,进行加热制程以去除溶剂。之后,分别在25℃、50℃、100℃、150℃、200℃、250℃、300℃、400℃烘烤1小时后,量测具有保护膜的纳米银线在各个温度点的片电阻。
7为实例3与比较例2的温度-片电阻曲线。由 7可以看出,比较例2的纳米银线在经过200℃的烘烤后,其片电阻值明显上升。反观实例3,由于实例3的纳米银线具有保护膜,因此即使在经过300℃的烘烤后,仍保有低的片电阻值,也就是说,实例3的纳米银在线涂布有胶态的保护膜,除了可防止水气进入外,亦可有效增加纳米银线的耐热性以及维持导电性。
综上所述,本发明的线路结构由于在其金属纳米结构上具有金属氧化物保护膜,除了可以阻止水气进入以避免氧化外,亦可增加其耐热性及维持导电性。此外,聚集在金属纳米结构交会处的金属氧化物层亦可有助于相邻金属纳米结构之间的接合,进而提升线路的稳定性以及导电性。另外,本发明的薄膜晶体管的源极/漏极具有金属氧化物层,因此有助于电子或电洞的注入,进而改变功函数以及改善薄膜晶体管的操作电压。
虽然本发明已以实施例揭示如上,然其并非用以限定本发明,任何所属技术领域中普通技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,当可作些许的改动与润饰,故本发明的保护范围当视所附权利要求界定范围为准。

Claims (20)

1.一种印刷线路,配置于基板上,其特征在于,所述印刷线路包括:
多个金属纳米结构;以及
金属氧化物层,配置于所述金属纳米结构的表面上且填满所述金属纳米结构的交会处的间隙,
其中配置于所述金属纳米结构的表面上的所述金属氧化物层的厚度介于0.1纳米至10纳米。
2.根据权利要求1所述的印刷线路,其特征在于,所述金属纳米结构包括金属纳米线、金属纳米粒子或其组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的印刷线路,其特征在于,所述金属纳米结构的材料包括金、银或铜。
4.根据权利要求1所述的印刷线路,其特征在于,所述金属氧化物层的材料包括二氧化钛、氧化锌或氧化钨。
5.一种印刷线路的制造方法,其特征在于,包括:
进行第一印刷制程,以于基板上形成金属层,其中所述金属层包括多个金属纳米结构;
进行第二印刷制程,以于所述金属层上形成金属氧化物前驱物层,且所述金属氧化物前驱物层覆盖所述金属层,其中所述金属氧化物前驱物层包括金属氧化物前驱物及溶剂;以及
进行加热制程,以去除所述金属氧化物前驱物层中的溶剂以及使所述金属氧化物前驱物层中的金属氧化物前驱物还原成金属氧化物,以于所述金属纳米结构的表面上形成金属氧化物层,且所述金属氧化物层填满所述金属纳米结构的交会处的间隙,
其中形成于所述金属纳米结构的表面上的所述金属氧化物层的厚度介于0.1纳米至10纳米。
6.根据权利要求5所述的印刷线路的制造方法,其特征在于,所述金属纳米结构包括金属纳米线、金属纳米粒子或其组合。
7.根据权利要求5所述的印刷线路的制造方法,其特征在于,所述金属纳米结构的材料包括金、银或铜。
8.根据权利要求5所述的印刷线路的制造方法,其特征在于,金属氧化物前驱物的材料包括二氧化钛前驱物、氧化锌前驱物或氧化钨前驱物。
9.根据权利要求5所述的印刷线路的制造方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂包括水。
10.根据权利要求5所述的印刷线路的制造方法,其特征在于,进行所述加热制程的温度介于50℃至200℃。
11.一种薄膜晶体管,其特征在于,包括:
源极与漏极,配置于基板上;
主动层,覆盖所述源极与所述漏极且填入所述源极与所述漏极之间的间隙;
介电层,覆盖所述主动层;以及
栅极,配置于所述介电层上,
其中所述源极与所述漏极包括多个金属纳米结构以及金属氧化物层,所述金属氧化物层配置于所述金属纳米结构的表面上且填满所述金属纳米结构的交会处的间隙,以及配置于所述金属纳米结构的表面上的所述金属氧化物层的厚度为0.1纳米至10纳米。
12.根据权利要求11所述的薄膜晶体管,其特征在于,所述金属纳米结构包括金属纳米线、金属纳米粒子或其组合。
13.根据权利要求11所述的薄膜晶体管,其特征在于,所述金属纳米结构的材料包括金、银或铜。
14.根据权利要求11所述的薄膜晶体管,其特征在于,所述金属氧化物层的材料包括二氧化钛、氧化锌或氧化钨。
15.一种薄膜晶体管的制造方法,其特征在于,包括:
进行第一印刷制程,以于基板上形成图案化导电层,其中所述图案化导电层包括多个金属纳米结构;
进行第二印刷制程,以于所述图案化导电层上形成金属氧化物前驱物层,且所述金属氧化物前驱物层覆盖所述图案化导电层,其中所述金属氧化物前驱物层包括金属氧化物前驱物及溶剂;以及
进行加热制程,以去除所述金属氧化物前驱物层中的溶剂以及使所述金属氧化物前驱物层中的金属氧化物前驱物还原成金属氧化物,以于所述金属纳米结构的表面上形成金属氧化物层,且所述金属氧化物层填满所述金属纳米结构的交会处的间隙;
于所述基板上形成主动层,覆盖所述图案化导电层与所述金属氧化物层且填入所述图案化导电层之间的间隙;
于所述基板上形成介电层,覆盖所述主动层;以及
于所述介电层上形成栅极,
其中形成于所述金属纳米结构的表面上的所述金属氧化物层的厚度介于0.1纳米至10纳米。
16.根据权利要求15所述的薄膜晶体管的制造方法,其特征在于,所述金属纳米结构包括金属纳米线、金属纳米粒子或其组合。
17.根据权利要求15所述的薄膜晶体管的制造方法,其特征在于,所述金属纳米结构的材料包括金、银或铜。
18.根据权利要求15所述的薄膜晶体管的制造方法,其特征在于,金属氧化物前驱物的材料包括二氧化钛前驱物、氧化锌前驱物或氧化钨前驱物。
19.根据权利要求15所述的薄膜晶体管的制造方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂包括水。
20.根据权利要求15所述的薄膜晶体管的制造方法,其特征在于,进行所述加热制程的温度介于50℃至200℃。
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