CN1072916C - 处理流体物料的设备和方法 - Google Patents

处理流体物料的设备和方法 Download PDF

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CN1072916C
CN1072916C CN96123263A CN96123263A CN1072916C CN 1072916 C CN1072916 C CN 1072916C CN 96123263 A CN96123263 A CN 96123263A CN 96123263 A CN96123263 A CN 96123263A CN 1072916 C CN1072916 C CN 1072916C
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E·巴德舍
G·贝纳德
P·H·波盖特
N·特里皮埃
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/16—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials
    • A23L3/18—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials while they are progressively transported through the apparatus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C3/00—Preservation of milk or milk preparations
    • A23C3/02—Preservation of milk or milk preparations by heating
    • A23C3/03—Preservation of milk or milk preparations by heating the materials being loose unpacked
    • A23C3/033—Preservation of milk or milk preparations by heating the materials being loose unpacked and progressively transported through the apparatus
    • A23C3/037—Preservation of milk or milk preparations by heating the materials being loose unpacked and progressively transported through the apparatus in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. steam
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/001—Details of apparatus, e.g. for transport, for loading or unloading manipulation, pressure feed valves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/16—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials
    • A23L3/18—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials while they are progressively transported through the apparatus
    • A23L3/22—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials while they are progressively transported through the apparatus with transport through tubes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/16—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials
    • A23L3/18—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials while they are progressively transported through the apparatus
    • A23L3/22—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials while they are progressively transported through the apparatus with transport through tubes
    • A23L3/225—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials while they are progressively transported through the apparatus with transport through tubes in solid state

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
  • Commercial Cooking Devices (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
  • Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
  • Confectionery (AREA)
  • Accessories For Mixers (AREA)
  • General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
  • Dairy Products (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及通过注入蒸汽对流体物料进行热处理的一种设备和方法，以对物料进行消毒、巴氏灭菌和/或均匀化。该设备包括一混合室，混合室有蒸汽注入口，物料入口和处理后物料的出口；还包括设置在该混合室内的一根可转动的轴，一组盘，每个盘至少包括一个物料通过孔口，该盘基本同心地设置在该轴上；还包括使该带有盘的轴转动的装置。本发明还与通过在流体物料中注入蒸汽进行加热的设备或工艺中用于均匀化和混和的轴有关。

Description

处理流体物料的设备和方法
本发明涉及处理流体的设备，例如对流体物料消毒和/或巴氏灭菌和/或使其均匀化的设备。尤其是，与在流体物料中注入蒸汽以对流体物料进行消毒、巴氏灭菌和/或均匀化的设备有关。
例如在食品工业中，用直接注入蒸汽以对奶类或谷物产品进行巴氏灭菌或消毒。已知有许多种通过注入蒸汽对流体食品进行巴氏灭菌或消毒的设备。本发明涉及将蒸汽注入到物料流中的一种方法和设备。
直接的蒸汽注入对低粘度的流体，如牛奶，乳浆和奶油不会引起特殊的问题，但婴儿谷物类食品有很高的粘度，如含有20％的淀粉，对这类食品的巴氏灭菌很难控制在均匀混合状态。不均匀的混合将意味着物料各部分的温度是变化的，因此物料并没有被均匀地热处理。为了保证对物料进行足够的热处理，即确保物料的各部分加热到足够高的温度，因为这在巴氏灭菌和消毒过程中是很关键的，需要注入附加的蒸汽。这种附加的蒸汽消耗是很昂贵的和所不希望的。
让物料通过文丘里管形的喷嘴以增加物料的湍动和速度可以改善均匀化和混和的程度，但是这可能还不足以提供充分的混合。另外，可能需要把物料和蒸汽进行机械混和。
让物料通过一个静态混合器可以获得物料和蒸汽的混和。但是看来通过高粘度物料会使静态混合器产生显著的磨损。因此这类静态混合器必须经常更换，这就增加了生产的成本。另外一种办法是，可以用一种螺杆来进行混和及生产一种具有内压的物料。但是旋转时物料在螺杆上产生很大的动量，因而混和需要很大的马达功率。
本发明通过使用一根可旋转的轴，沿着该轴同心配置一组包括物料通过孔口的穿孔盘的办法，克服了上述各种困难。相应地，本发明提供一种改进的设备和产生良好混合、因而提供均匀的加热和非常高的均匀化的工艺过程。此外，本发明还有如下优点：
·在保证充分均匀混和的前提下降低蒸汽消耗。
·通过提供一根可旋转的轴，沿着该轴同心配置一组包括物料通过孔口的穿孔盘，并且在盘转动时让物料通过该各孔口，以改善混和及均匀化程度。
·由于物料通过孔口和物料流动对盘的冲击而产生的震荡效应，从而引起湍流混和及均匀化。
·通过盘的转动切割物料，提高了物料的均匀化程度。
·由于物料围绕轴和盘从而动量减小，也就减小了对马达功率的要求。
·通过注入蒸汽到物料中再把物料和蒸汽混合在一起，使蒸汽冷凝并将热传递给物料来提供初始的均匀化，从而使热分布达最优化。
相应地，本发明的第一方面涉及一种通过在流体物料中注入蒸汽对流体物料进行热处理的设备，该设备包括：
一个混合室，它包括蒸汽注入口、物料入口和处理过的产品的出口；
一根设置在该混合室内的可转动的轴；
一组盘，每个盘包括至少一个物料通过孔口，该盘基本同心地布置在该轴上；和
使带有该盘的该轴转动的装置。
蒸汽最好以音速注入，这将增加蒸汽中的湍流，得到良好的混合。让流体通过一个文丘里阀门，并使其上游的压力近似为下游压力的两倍，这样可以使蒸汽获得音速。在阀门之后蒸汽速度约为450米/秒。
至少在混合室的下游端，各盘和混合室壁之间最好只留下一个很小的间隙。这样做的结果是，基本上全部物料通过盘上的物料通过孔口，从而导致流体物料相当均匀及物料和蒸汽的混和。至少混合室的下游部分基本上呈圆筒形，可转动的轴可方便地基本上同心地安装在该混合室内。
沿着轴可以布置一个或几个蒸汽注入器，通过蒸汽注入口将蒸汽注入到通过混合室的物料中。当物料泵送通过混合室时，带有盘的转动轴将切割物料流，其作用如上述那样为一个震动发生器。与螺杆相反，带有盘的轴不会对物料通过混合室向前的运动起任何实质性的促进。物料被泵入到室内，被后续的物料推向前面。轴可以装设可替换的盘或者轴和盘可以制成一个部件。轴可由任何常规的马达驱动旋转。
盘和孔口的数目可以根据所需的生产量、加热量、混和和均匀化的程度而变化。从物料入口到出口沿着物料通路为处理物料而装设的盘越多，物料的混合就越均匀。虽然盘的数目可以自由选择，但实际应用的盘的数目从2到20个，最好是5到15个。每个盘有2到50个物料通过孔口。物料通过孔口的直径最好是在2到10毫米范围内，更优选的是6毫米。这将使通过物料通过孔口的速度在40～200米/秒之间，最好是100米/秒。
在本发明中流体物料为溶液或悬浮液，例如含水液体，其粘度在1000到10000毫帕斯卡·秒(mPa.s)范围内。
流体物料通过物料入口泵入到混合室。最好是在蒸汽注入到物料中之前使流体物料首先通过至少一个而最好是3个转动盘上的物料通过孔口。这产生初步均匀化的稀浆，然后该稀浆被压向前并经受注入蒸汽的加热、混合和均匀化。
通过剪切通过盘上孔口的物料获得均匀效果。在含奶物料的特殊情况中，通过剪切脂肪小球获得良好的均匀化效果。
蒸汽注入喷嘴与在压力下供给蒸汽的输送管相连，压力最好在10到15巴(bar)之间。物料注入喷嘴与供应要处理的流体物料的输送管相连。设备的出口通过背压阀连接到一夹持管。背压阀调节通过出口的压力，在混合室建立背压以维持混合室内的温度。背压控制不够会造成蒸汽损失，增加生产成本。背压阀是膜式的比较好。可以使用两个背压阀，例如太脱拉-拉凡尔公司(Tetra-Laval)的CPM或APC阀较好。
在另一方面，本发明涉及一种在流体物料中注入蒸汽对流体物料进行热处理的方法，该方法包括如下各步骤：
通过物料入口将流体物料供给到混合室，
通过该混合室的蒸汽注入口将蒸汽注入到该流体物料中，在该混合室内设置一可转动的轴和一组盘，每个盘至少有一个物料通过孔口，这些盘基本上同心地设置在轴上，
在该带有盘的轴转动时，使至少部分流体物料通过该物料通过孔口，和
通过该混合室的一个出口将处理过的物料排出。
本发明还有一个方面与一种用于通过在流体物料中注入蒸汽对流体物料进行热处理的设备中进行均匀化和混合的或用于通过注入蒸汽加热流体物料的方法的轴有关，该轴包括一组盘，每个盘至少包括一个物料通过孔口，该盘同心地设置在该轴上。
本发明将参考附图进行详细的描述，附图作为例子示出本发明的一个实施方案，其中：
图1示意表示根据本发明的设备的主要元件；以及
图2和图3示意说明带盘的轴。
图1显示根据本发明的设备10。设备10包括由壁21确定的混合室11，在其中构造有一蒸汽注入口13，一物料入口12，和一出口16。一根可转动的轴14设置在该混合室11内，安装在中间支撑装置22中的轴承18内。上述轴与马达17的输出转轴23相连，马达驱动轴14转动。该马达例如可以是1.1千瓦(KW),1400转/分(T/min)的马达。装设密封装置24以防止流体物料从混合室11逃逸。该密封装置24由通过一水入口25供给的水冷却。
轴14上装设一组盘15。每个盘15至少包括一个物料通过孔口。这些盘基本上同心地布置在该轴上。图2显示安装在轴14上的盘15的透视图。该盘包括物料通过孔口26。图3显示安装在室11内的、带有盘15的轴14的横剖面。
通过出口16的流量由图中没有显示的背压阀调节。为了使用设备，蒸汽入口13与蒸汽注入器和供给带压蒸汽的供气管相连，物料入口与供料管和一泵相连以在压力下供应要处理的流体物料。出口最好通过上述背压阀与夹持管相连。例子
下述例子说明，使用根据本发明的设备与在一个蒸汽注入喷嘴中处理相似流体物料进行比较，可看到非常明显的实际蒸汽消耗量的减小，在上述喷嘴中，蒸汽流和流体物料流两者以对流方式注入到混合室而不经任何进一步的机械混合(S&P注入)。所用的根据本发明的设备包括带有10个盘的轴。各盘的直径是44毫米，每个盘带有φ8毫米的物料通过孔口。该例子显示带有不同数量固体的流体物料的热处理试验结果。物料加热到140℃。物料         固体量            蒸汽消耗量(公斤/小时)
     试验溶液，液相％    S&P注入            本发明A          60～62％          320                195B          56～58％          330                195C          58～60％          330                195D          58～60％          335                200 E      60％         350             215F    56～58％       355             200

Claims (10)

1．一种通过在流体物料中注入蒸汽对流体物料进行热处理的设备，其特征在于，所述设备包括：
一个混合室，其包括蒸汽注入口、物料入口和处理过的物料的出口；
一根可转动的轴，其设置在所述混合室内；
一组盘，每个盘包括至少一个物料通过孔口，所述盘基本同心地设置在所述轴上，和
使带有所述盘的所述轴转动的装置。
2．按照权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，该设备包括一背压阀，用以调节通过出口的流量。
3．按照权利要求1或2所述的设备，其特征在于，该混合室基本上是圆筒形的，可转动的轴同心地设置在所述混合室内。
4．按照权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，至少一个盘设置在物料入口和蒸汽入口之间。
5．按照权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，沿着可转动的轴设置一组蒸汽入口。
6．按照权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，该设备装设5至15个盘。
7．按照权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，每个盘有2到50个物料通过孔口。
8．按照权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，孔口直径在2～10毫米范围内。
9．一种通过在流体物料中注入蒸汽对流体物料进行热处理的方法，所述方法包括以下各步骤：
通过物料入口把流体物料供应到混合室；
通过所述混合室的蒸汽注入口将蒸汽注入到所述流体物料中，在混合室中设置一根可转动的轴和一组盘，每个盘至少包括一个物料通过孔口，所述盘同心地设置在所述轴上，而
在使带有所述盘的所述轴转动时至少部分流体物料通过物料通过孔口，和
通过所述混合室中的出口排出处理过的物料。
10．一种用于通过在流体物料中注入蒸汽对流体物料进行热处理的设备中均匀化和混合的或用于通过注入蒸汽加热流体物料的方法的轴，该轴包括一组盘，每个盘至少包括一个物料通过孔口，所述盘同心地设置在所述轴上。
CN96123263A 1995-12-22 1996-12-20 处理流体物料的设备和方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1072916C (zh)

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EP95203622A EP0780056A1 (en) 1995-12-22 1995-12-22 Apparatus and method for treating a fluid product
EP95203622.6 1995-12-22

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CN1159304A CN1159304A (zh) 1997-09-17
CN1072916C true CN1072916C (zh) 2001-10-17

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NO965500L (no) 1997-06-23
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EG21250A (en) 2001-04-30
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CN1159304A (zh) 1997-09-17
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ID17114A (id) 1997-12-04
US6120176A (en) 2000-09-19
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CO4650024A1 (es) 1998-09-03
ZA9610726B (en) 1998-09-21
EP0780056A1 (en) 1997-06-25
BR9606136A (pt) 1998-11-03
MA24036A1 (fr) 1997-07-01
NO965500D0 (no) 1996-12-20
SG77586A1 (en) 2001-01-16
KR970032522A (ko) 1997-07-22
AU7643196A (en) 1997-06-26
US5863587A (en) 1999-01-26
AU718910B2 (en) 2000-04-20

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