CN107290082B - Capacitive touch sensor - Google Patents
Capacitive touch sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN107290082B CN107290082B CN201610221591.4A CN201610221591A CN107290082B CN 107290082 B CN107290082 B CN 107290082B CN 201610221591 A CN201610221591 A CN 201610221591A CN 107290082 B CN107290082 B CN 107290082B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/14—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in capacitance or inductance of electrical elements, e.g. by measuring variations of frequency of electrical oscillators
Abstract
The invention relates to a capacitive touch sensor which comprises a first A-type electrode layer, a first elastic medium layer, a first B-type electrode layer, a second elastic medium layer and a second A-type electrode layer which are sequentially arranged; when the A-type electrode is a positive electrode, the B-type electrode is a negative electrode; when the A-type electrode is a negative electrode, the B-type electrode is a positive electrode; the first A-type electrode layer and the second A-type electrode layer are parallel to each other and are arranged to be perpendicular to the first B-type electrode layer in a crossed mode; corresponding columns of the first A-type electrode layer and the second A-type electrode layer are short-circuited and are separately led out by a lead, and each row of the first B-type electrode layer is separately led out by the lead; the first A-type electrode layer, the second A-type electrode layer and the first B-type electrode layer all comprise conductive substances; the electrodes of the first elastic medium layer and the second elastic medium layer are made of elastic compressible materials. The invention improves the sensitivity of the pressure-capacitance type touch sensor and enlarges the measuring range of the sensor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of sensors, and particularly relates to a capacitive touch sensor.
Background
The capacitance type sensor can be used for measuring parameters such as sound intensity, liquid level, water content, vibration, pressure, displacement and the like, and particularly can be used for measuring a nanoscale micro-displacement value. The capacitive sensor has the advantages of simple structure, high sensitivity, high dynamic response and low price.
Capacitive sensors have a large market for weak pressure detection, for example, in the fields of robot touch, motion analysis, wearable devices, and medical devices, capacitive sensors are widely used.
The principle of the capacitive sensor for detecting pressure is shown in fig. 1. The capacitance sensor consists of an upper electrode plate, a lower electrode plate and an elastic dielectric substance in the middle. Assuming that the capacitance value is C, the dielectric constant of the dielectric is epsilon, the area of the electrode plate is a, and the distance between the two electrode plates is d, the capacitance value satisfies the following formula:
C＝ε*A/d
when a pressure (P) is applied to the electrode plates, the distance between the two electrode plates is shortened, resulting in a change in capacitance value. The larger the pressure, the smaller the distance between the electrode plates, and the larger the capacitance value. Thus, pressure is positively correlated to capacitance. The capacitive pressure sensor detects a change in pressure by detecting a change in capacitance.
Fig. 2 is a typical capacitive pressure sensor array. The array is made up of column electrode strips 201, row electrode strips 202 and an intermediate layer of resilient dielectric. The column electrode strips 201 and the row electrode strips 202 are respectively led out through leads 204 and leads 203 and connected into a capacitance detection circuit. The overlapping part of the electrode strip 201 and the electrode strip 202 in any column forms a sensing point of the capacitive pressure sensor. And detecting a pressure signal at a certain point in the array, wherein only the capacitance value between the row electrode strip and the column electrode strip corresponding to the point is required to be detected. However, the sensitivity of the capacitive pressure sensor array is not high, and the measurement range is small.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a capacitive touch sensor which can effectively improve the sensitivity of the sensor and enlarge the measuring range of the sensor without changing the area of the original piezocapacitance sensor array.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
(1) a capacitive touch sensor comprises a first A-type electrode layer, a first elastic medium layer, a first B-type electrode layer, a second elastic medium layer and a second A-type electrode layer which are sequentially arranged; when the A-type electrode is a positive electrode, the B-type electrode is a negative electrode; when the A-type electrode is a negative electrode, the B-type electrode is a positive electrode;
the first A-type electrode layer and the second A-type electrode layer are parallel to each other and are arranged to be perpendicular to the first B-type electrode layer in a crossed mode; corresponding columns of the first A-type electrode layer and the second A-type electrode layer are short-circuited and are separately led out by a lead, and each row of the first B-type electrode layer is separately led out by the lead;
the first A-type electrode layer, the second A-type electrode layer and the first B-type electrode layer all comprise conductive substances;
the electrodes of the first elastic medium layer and the second elastic medium layer are made of elastic compressible materials.
(2) On the basis of the technical scheme (1), the capacitive touch sensor further comprises a first expansion structure, wherein the first expansion structure comprises an elastic medium layer and a B-type electrode layer which are sequentially arranged;
the first extension structure is disposed proximate to the first a-type electrode layer or the second a-type electrode layer.
(3) On the basis of the technical scheme (1) or (2), the capacitive touch sensor further comprises a second expansion structure, wherein the second expansion structure comprises a third elastic medium layer, a B-type electrode layer, a fourth elastic medium layer and an A-type electrode layer which are sequentially arranged;
the second extension structure is disposed proximate to the first a-type electrode layer, the second a-type electrode layer, or the a-type electrode layer of the first extension structure.
(4) On the basis of the technical scheme (3), one or more second expansion structures are adopted; when the second extension structure is multiple, the elastic medium layer positioned at the outer side in the second extension structure is arranged close to the first A-type electrode layer, the second A-type electrode layer or the A-type electrode layer of another second extension structure.
(5) In addition to the means (1), (2), (3) or (4), each B-type electrode layer is provided independently or formed by bending the same B-type electrode layer.
(6) In addition to the means (1), (2), (3), (4) or (5), each a-type electrode layer is provided independently or formed by bending the same a-type electrode layer.
(7) A capacitive touch sensor comprises a first common ground electrode layer, a first elastic medium layer, a first sensor array layer, a second elastic medium layer and a second common ground electrode layer which are sequentially arranged;
the first common ground electrode layer and the second common ground electrode layer respectively cover all sensor array areas of the first sensor array layer from the upper side and the lower side, and the first common ground electrode layer is conducted with the second common ground electrode layer; the first common ground electrode layer and the second common ground electrode layer are both conductive substances;
the electrodes of the first elastic medium layer and the second elastic medium layer are made of elastic compressible materials.
(8) On the basis of the technical scheme (7), the capacitive touch sensor further comprises an expansion structure, wherein the expansion structure comprises an elastic medium layer, a sensor array layer, an elastic medium layer and a common ground electrode layer which are sequentially arranged; the elastic medium layer outside the expansion structure is arranged close to the first common ground electrode layer or close to the second common ground electrode layer;
wherein, each sensor array layer is located the same position, and each sensor induction point short circuit that corresponds.
(9) On the basis of the technical scheme (8), one or more expansion structures are adopted; when the number of the extension structures is multiple, the elastic dielectric layer positioned at the outer side in the extension structure is arranged close to the second common ground electrode layer, the first common ground electrode layer or the common ground electrode layer of another extension structure.
(10) On the basis of the technical solutions (7), (8) and (9), the common ground electrode layers are independently arranged or formed by bending the same common ground electrode layer.
The core of the tactile sensor is as follows: without increasing the actual area of the sensor, one electrode simultaneously serves as a common positive electrode or a common negative electrode of two capacitors, and a pressure sensing point of the touch sensor is formed in a laminated mode. When pressure is applied to the surface of the sensor, the electrode plate spacing of the capacitors changes simultaneously, which is equivalent to that a plurality of capacitors are connected in parallel. This increases the sensitivity of the sensor on the one hand and increases the compressible range of the sensor on the other hand, thereby enlarging the range of the sensor.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention firstly provides the design of the laminated pressure-capacitance type touch sensor, improves the sensitivity of the pressure-capacitance type touch sensor and enlarges the measuring range of the sensor. In addition, the invention can be generally applied to the design of the touch sensor which needs to densely distribute the sensing points in a small area.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional capacitive sensor for detecting pressure.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional capacitive pressure sensor array.
Fig. 3(a) is a top view of the capacitive touch sensor of embodiment 1 proposed by the present invention.
Fig. 3(b) is a sectional view of a capacitive touch sensor of embodiment 1 proposed by the present invention.
Fig. 4(a) is a top view of the capacitive touch sensor of embodiment 2 proposed by the present invention.
Fig. 4(b) is a sectional view of the capacitive touch sensor of embodiment 2 proposed by the present invention.
Fig. 5(a) is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the present invention according to example 1.
Fig. 5(b) is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the present invention according to example 1.
Fig. 6(a) is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 6(b) is a schematic diagram of the lead connection based on the expansion of embodiment 2.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the drawings and the following examples.
The invention provides a capacitive touch sensor which can effectively improve the sensitivity of a pressure-capacitance type sensor and expand the measuring range, and is particularly suitable for application scenes in which a plurality of pressure sensing points need to be densely distributed in a limited area.
Example 1:
fig. 3(a) and 3(b) are a top view and a cross-sectional view, respectively, of the capacitive touch sensor proposed by the present invention. The capacitive touch sensor comprises a first negative electrode layer 301, a first elastic medium layer 302, a positive electrode layer 303, a second elastic medium layer 304 and a second negative electrode layer 305 which are arranged in sequence.
The first negative electrode layer, the second negative electrode layer and the positive electrode layer are strip-shaped, the first negative electrode layer and the second negative electrode layer are arranged in parallel, the first negative electrode layer and the second negative electrode layer are respectively arranged to be perpendicular to the positive electrode layer in a crossed manner, fig. 3(a) and 3(b) show an example that the first negative electrode layer and the second negative electrode layer are column electrode strips, and the positive electrode layer 303 is a row electrode strip; the corresponding columns of the first and second negative electrode layers are shorted and individually drawn by a lead 306, and each row of the positive electrode layer 303 is individually drawn by a lead 307.
The first negative electrode layer 301, the second negative electrode layer 305, and the positive electrode layer 303 each include a conductive substance such as a copper foil, a conductive cloth, a conductive silicone, a flexible circuit board, or the like, preferably a flexible circuit board. Here, the same material may be used for the first negative electrode layer 301 and the second negative electrode layer 305, or different materials may be used. When different materials are adopted, the hardness of the materials can be different, for example, the electrode layer attached to the skin of a human body can be conductive cloth or conductive silica gel, so that the electrode layer is easily attached to the skin of the human body, and the electrode layer on the outermost side can be a thin copper sheet which has better hardness and can play a supporting role. When the same material is used, the first negative electrode layer 301 and the second negative electrode layer 305 may be provided separately or may be bent from the same negative electrode layer (see fig. 5 (a)).
The first elastic medium layer 302 and the second elastic medium layer 304 are made of elastic compressible polymer material, such as foamed polymer, polyurethane, silicon rubber, thermoplastic elastomer, etc. The first and second elastic media layers 302, 304 are typically, but not exclusively, the same material.
The embodiment structurally transforms the traditional voltage-capacitance sensor into a double-capacitor laminated structure of three electrode layers and double dielectric layers from the original single-capacitor structure of double electrode layers and single dielectric layers. In the present embodiment, the two capacitors share the positive electrode layer, and those skilled in the art know that the two capacitors in the present embodiment may also share the negative electrode layer.
The pressure-capacitance type sensor measures the pressure value applied to the surface of the sensor mainly by detecting the change value of capacitance, and the change of the capacitance is mainly determined by the change of the distance between the polar plates. The calculation formula of the capacitance change value of each single capacitance structure is as follows:
wherein ε is the dielectric constant of the dielectric, A is the electrode plate area, C0Is an initial value of capacitance, d0Is the initial plate spacing of the capacitor, Δ d isThe change value of the distance between the polar plates.
After the capacitor laminated structure is transformed, the calculation formula of the capacitance change value of the double-capacitor laminated structure is as follows:
wherein, C0Is an initial value of the first layer capacitance, d0Is the initial plate spacing, Δ d, of the first layer of capacitors0Is the change value of the distance between the first layer of the capacitor plates, C1Is an initial value of the second layer capacitance, d1Is the initial plate spacing, Δ d, of the second layer capacitor1The change value of the distance between the capacitor plates of the second layer is shown.
When the initial values of the first layer of capacitor and the second layer of capacitor are equal, the initial plate spacing is equal, and delta d0＝Δd1Δ d:
therefore, when the dielectric and physical properties of the elastic medium material are unchanged, the deformation of the pressure-capacitance sensor provided by the invention under the same pressure is twice that of a single sensor, and at the moment, the sensitivity is correspondingly improved to twice that of the original sensor. Meanwhile, the whole compressible space of the sensor is increased, so that the measuring range of the sensor is expanded to a certain extent.
Example 2:
fig. 4(a) and 4(b) are a top view and a cross-sectional view, respectively, of another capacitive touch sensor in accordance with the present invention. The capacitive touch sensor comprises the following layers which are arranged in sequence: a first common ground electrode layer 401, a first resilient dielectric layer 402, a sensor array layer 403, a second resilient dielectric layer 404, and a second common ground electrode layer 405.
The first common ground electrode layer 401 and the second common ground electrode layer 405 respectively cover all sensor array regions of the sensor array layer 403 from the upper and lower sides shown in fig. 4(b), and the first common ground electrode layer 401 and the second common ground electrode layer 405 are electrically connected. The first common ground electrode layer 401 and the second common ground electrode layer 405 include a conductive substance, such as a copper foil, a conductive cloth, a conductive silicone, or a flexible circuit.
Each sensor sensing point of sensor array layer 403 is routed out through a respective wire 406 to connector 407, which is ultimately connected to a capacitive sense die pin. The sensor sensing point can also be directly connected with the capacitance detection chip on the flexible circuit board without leading out to a connector. The sensor array layer 403 may be implemented as a flexible circuit, a flexible film coated with conductive ink, or even a cloth woven from conductive fibers and a normal cloth. Wherein, each array element of the sensor array layer is also a conductive substance, such as a copper sheet, conductive ink or a pad of a flexible circuit board.
The first elastic medium layer 402 and the second elastic medium layer 404 are made of elastic compressible polymer material, such as foamed polymer, polyurethane, silicone rubber, thermoplastic elastomer, and the like.
The touch sensor of the embodiment is also a laminated capacitor structure with three electrode layers and two dielectric layers, and a pressure sensing point of the touch sensor is formed in a laminated mode, so that when pressure is applied to the surface of the sensor, the electrode plate spacing of two capacitors changes simultaneously, which is equivalent to that the two capacitors are connected in parallel. This embodiment has the same technical effects as the tactile sensor proposed in embodiment 1. Different from embodiment 1, the tactile sensor structure of this embodiment is more suitable for being used in combination with a single-electrode capacitive sensing chip, can reduce circuit cost, and is easier to manufacture and produce.
Example 3:
fig. 5(a) and 5(b) are cross-sectional views of two embodiments of example 1.
The capacitive touch sensor shown in fig. 5(a) includes a first negative electrode layer 501, a first elastic medium layer 502, a common positive electrode layer 503, a second elastic medium layer 504, a second negative electrode layer 505, a third elastic medium layer 506, a common positive electrode layer 503, a common negative electrode lead 507, and a common positive electrode lead 508, which are sequentially disposed. In this extension, the two common positive electrode layers 503 are formed by bending the same common positive electrode layer.
The capacitive touch sensor shown in fig. 5(b) includes a common negative electrode layer 509, a first elastic medium layer 510, a first positive electrode layer 511, a second elastic medium layer 512, a common negative electrode layer 509, a third elastic medium layer 513, a second positive electrode layer 514, a fourth elastic medium layer 515, a common negative electrode layer 509, a common negative electrode lead 517 and a common positive electrode lead 516, which are sequentially disposed. In this extension, the three common negative electrode layers 509 are formed by bending the same common negative electrode layer multiple times.
In the present embodiment, only two ways of adding the stacked layers are exemplarily provided, mainly for clarity, the stacked layer structure of the present invention is not limited to the dual-capacitor stacked layer structure of three-electrode and dual-dielectric layers, and the number of stacked layers may be continuously increased, such as the three-capacitor stacked layer structure shown in fig. 5(a) and the four-capacitor stacked layer structure shown in fig. 5 (b). The calculation formula of the capacitance change value for the n-layer capacitance is as follows:
wherein, CiIs an initial value of the i-th layer capacitance, diIs the initial plate spacing, Δ d, of the ith layer of capacitoriThe variation value of the distance between the capacitor plates of the ith layer is shown, and n is the layer number of the capacitor.
The lamination mode is recommended to be based on the outer layer cathode (or ground pole) and the inner layer anode, because the outer layer usually contacts with the human body, and the human body and the circuit can play a role in shielding electromagnetic interference together, but the situations that the outer layer is connected with the anode and the inner layer is connected with the cathode (or ground level) are not excluded, and only when the outer layer anode is connected with the outer layer, protective measures or shielding measures need to be added.
The same contents as those described above are not described in detail in this embodiment.
Example 4:
fig. 6(a) and 6(b) are schematic diagrams showing an expansion method according to embodiment 2.
The capacitive touch sensor shown in fig. 6(a) includes a common ground electrode layer 601, a first elastic medium layer 602, a first sensor array layer 603, a second elastic medium layer 604, a common ground electrode layer 601, a third elastic medium layer 605, a second sensor array layer 606, a fourth elastic medium layer 607, and a common ground electrode layer 601, which are sequentially disposed.
The first sensor array layer 603 and the second sensor array layer 606 are located at the same position, and the upper and lower corresponding sensor sensing points are shorted in pairs, as shown in fig. 6 (b). Shorting bar 608 is connected at the edge of the sensor or shorted on the circuit board where the capacitive sensing chip is integrated. The common ground electrode layer 601 is a single piece of flexible conductive material, such as conductive cloth, copper foil, or conductive silicone. The present embodiment shows an example in which the common ground electrode layer shares the same ground electrode layer, and may be separately provided as described above.
The difference between the expansion method of this embodiment and the expansion method of embodiment 3 is that the number of capacitor layers expanded again in this embodiment is 2N, where N is a positive integer greater than 1, for example, 4 layers shown in fig. 6; the number of capacitor layers expanded in example 3 is M, which is a positive integer greater than 2, for example, 3 layers as shown in fig. 5(a) and 4 layers as shown in fig. 5 (b). Other similar matters are not described in detail in this embodiment.
Example 5:
in this embodiment, an expansion structure is added on the basis of embodiment 4, and the expansion structure includes an elastic medium layer, a sensor array layer, an elastic medium layer, and a common ground electrode layer, which are sequentially arranged; the elastic medium layer outside the expansion structure is arranged close to the first common ground electrode layer or close to the second common ground electrode layer.
The expansion structure can be added on the basis of the structure, and the elastic medium layer positioned on the outer side in the added expansion structure is arranged close to the public ground electrode layer on the outermost side of the existing sensor structure.
Other similar matters are not described in detail in this embodiment.
In addition, the outermost layer of the capacitive touch sensor in each of the above embodiments may also be provided with a shielding layer or an insulating layer.
It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention are only illustrative and do not limit the number, materials, layout, and circuit implementation of the sensors. Any capacitive touch sensor, but employing the idea of stacked capacitive sensing, is within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A capacitive touch sensor is characterized by at least comprising a first A-type electrode layer, a first elastic medium layer, a first B-type electrode layer, a second elastic medium layer and a second A-type electrode layer which are sequentially arranged; when the first A-type electrode layer and the second A-type electrode layer are positive electrodes, the first B-type electrode layer is a negative electrode; when the first A-type electrode layer and the second A-type electrode layer are negative electrodes, the first B-type electrode layer is a positive electrode; the first A-type electrode layer, the first B-type electrode layer and the second A-type electrode layer are strip-shaped;
the first A-type electrode layer and the second A-type electrode layer are parallel to each other and are arranged to be perpendicular to the first B-type electrode layer in a crossed mode; corresponding columns of the first A-type electrode layer and the second A-type electrode layer are short-circuited and are led out by the first conducting wire independently, and each row of the first B-type electrode layer is led out by the second conducting wire independently;
the first A-type electrode layer, the second A-type electrode layer and the first B-type electrode layer all comprise conductive substances;
the electrodes of the first elastic medium layer and the second elastic medium layer are made of elastic compressible materials;
each B-type electrode layer is formed by bending the same B-type electrode layer, or each A-type electrode layer is formed by bending the same A-type electrode layer;
the capacitive touch sensor has flexibility.
2. The capacitive touch sensor of claim 1, further comprising a first expansion structure comprising a second elastic medium layer and a second B-type electrode layer disposed in sequence;
the first extension structure is disposed proximate to the first a-type electrode layer or the second a-type electrode layer.
3. The capacitive touch sensor of claim 1, further comprising a second expansion structure comprising a third elastic dielectric layer, a third B-type electrode layer, a fourth elastic dielectric layer, and a third a-type electrode layer disposed in that order;
the second extension structure is disposed proximate to the first a-type electrode layer or the second a-type electrode layer.
4. A capacitive touch sensor as claimed in claim 3, wherein the second extensions are one or more; when the second extension structure is multiple, the elastic medium layer positioned at the outer side in the second extension structure is arranged close to the first A-type electrode layer, the second A-type electrode layer or the A-type electrode layer of another second extension structure.
5. A capacitive touch sensor is characterized by comprising a first common ground electrode layer, a first elastic medium layer, a first sensor array layer, a second elastic medium layer and a second common ground electrode layer which are sequentially arranged; each sensor sensing point of the first sensor array layer is led out through a respective lead;
the first common ground electrode layer and the second common ground electrode layer respectively cover all sensor array areas of the first sensor array layer from the upper side and the lower side, and the first common ground electrode layer is conducted with the second common ground electrode layer; the first common ground electrode layer and the second common ground electrode layer are both conductive substances;
the electrodes of the first elastic medium layer and the second elastic medium layer are made of elastic compressible materials;
each common ground electrode layer is formed by bending the same common ground electrode layer;
the capacitive touch sensor has flexibility.
6. The capacitive touch sensor of claim 5, further comprising an extension structure comprising an elastic dielectric layer, a sensor array layer, an elastic dielectric layer, and a common ground electrode layer disposed in that order; the elastic medium layer outside the expansion structure is arranged close to the first common ground electrode layer or close to the second common ground electrode layer;
and the sensor array layers are positioned at the same position, and the sensor induction points corresponding to the sensor array layers are in short circuit.
7. A capacitive touch sensor as claimed in claim 6, wherein the extensions are one or more; when the number of the extension structures is multiple, the elastic dielectric layer positioned at the outer side in the extension structure is arranged close to the second common ground electrode layer, the first common ground electrode layer or the common ground electrode layer of another extension structure.
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| CN111238694B (en) * | 2020-02-06 | 2022-07-12 | 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 | Touch sensor, touch event detection method and device and intelligent robot |
| JP7413953B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2024-01-16 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | Charge sensor, robot hand, and sample determination device |
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