CN110715763B - Shock wave pressure measuring device and method for parallel combined dielectric elastomer - Google Patents
Shock wave pressure measuring device and method for parallel combined dielectric elastomer Download PDFInfo
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- CN110715763B CN110715763B CN201911093172.7A CN201911093172A CN110715763B CN 110715763 B CN110715763 B CN 110715763B CN 201911093172 A CN201911093172 A CN 201911093172A CN 110715763 B CN110715763 B CN 110715763B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/14—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring the force of explosions; for measuring the energy of projectiles
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Abstract
The invention discloses a shock wave pressure measuring device and a shock wave pressure measuring method for a parallel combined type dielectric elastomer. The device comprises a bottom plate, four groups of rectangular sensing units arranged on the upper surface of the bottom plate, wherein four corners of each group of sensing units are fixed on the bottom plate through corner blocks by screws, each sensing unit consists of a single-layer dielectric elastomer film and flexible conductive cloth, the upper surface and the lower surface of each single-layer dielectric elastomer film are uniformly coated with flexible electrodes, the flexible electrodes on the upper surface are connected with the left lower corner of each sensing unit through the flexible conductive cloth, the flexible electrodes on the lower surface are connected with the right lower corner of each sensing unit through the flexible conductive cloth, and the bottom ends of the left lower corner screws and the bottom ends of the right lower corner screws of the four groups of sensing units are respectively connected and connected into a capacitance measuring instrument through leads in sequence; the invention improves the accuracy of shock wave pressure measurement by a parallel combination mode, and the device has the characteristics of low manufacturing cost and simple measurement method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of damage test and test, and particularly relates to a shock wave pressure measuring device and a shock wave pressure measuring method for a parallel combined type dielectric elastomer.
Background
The shock wave pressure is the most main damage element in an explosion power field, and the accurate measurement of the load size of the shock wave pressure has important significance for analyzing the damage effect of a target structure. At present, a pressure sensor and an effect target device are mainly adopted to measure shock wave pressure in an explosion test, although the pressure sensor can accurately obtain the shock wave pressure, the method has high use cost and cannot be used in a large amount in an explosion power test; the effect target device is mainly used for representing a pressure peak value based on the plastic deformation of a metal sheet, but human errors exist in the aspects of determining the maximum deformation position, measuring the maximum deformation value and the like, and when the pressure amplitude is too large, an aluminum film is broken down due to large plastic deformation, and at the moment, the shock wave pressure amplitude cannot be obtained through the effective deformation of a diaphragm. In order to better adapt to a complex and variable shock wave overpressure testing environment, a shock wave pressure measuring device which can bear large deformation, is low in cost and can automatically acquire parameters needs to be designed.
The dielectric elastomer is an intelligent thin film soft material, flexible electrodes are uniformly coated on the upper surface and the lower surface of the material to form a typical capacitor, when the material deforms under the action of external pressure, the capacitance of the capacitor changes, and a pressure peak value is obtained through the mapping relation between the capacitance and the pressure. The invention provides a pressure measuring device based on a dielectric elastomer, which obtains the pressure according to the relation that the pressure and a film are deformed to show capacitance change.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the conventional pressure measuring device, the invention aims to provide a shock wave pressure measuring device and a shock wave pressure measuring method of a parallel combined type dielectric elastomer. The invention connects four groups of sensing units in a parallel combination mode, can improve the measurement precision of the sensing unit based on the dielectric elastomer, adopts the single-layer dielectric elastomer film, has uniform deformation of the film under the action of pressure load, and improves the measurement stability. The device has the characteristics of simple and convenient measuring method, simple structure, low price, high measuring precision and the like, and is suitable for measuring the shock wave pressure in the explosion power field.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a parallelly connected combination formula dielectric elastomer's shock wave pressure measurement device, the device includes the bottom plate, lay four groups rectangle sensing unit of bottom plate upper surface, four corners of every group sensing unit pass through the fix with screw by the hornblock and are fixed in the bottom plate, sensing unit is brushed the individual layer dielectric elastomer film and the flexible conductive cloth of flexible electrode by upper and lower surface and is constituteed, the flexible electrode of upper surface passes through flexible conductive cloth and sensing unit lower left corner screw connection, the flexible electrode of lower surface passes through flexible conductive cloth and sensing unit lower right corner screw connection, four groups sensing unit lower left corner screw bottom and the bottom of lower right corner screw connect through the wire respectively according to the order and connect into the capacitance measuring appearance, the capacitance measuring appearance passes through the upper surface of fix with the bottom plate by screw.
Preferably, the single-layer dielectric elastomer films in the four groups of sensing units are made of polyurethane or silicon rubber materials, the flexible electrodes are made of carbon paste, and the carbon paste is uniformly coated on the upper surface and the lower surface of the single-layer dielectric elastomer films;
preferably, the four groups of rectangular sensing units have equal length, width and thickness, the distance delta L between two adjacent groups of sensing units is more than or equal to 0.3L, and L is the maximum length of the adjacent edges of the two groups of sensing units;
preferably, the bottom ends of the four groups of sensing unit lower left corner screws are sequentially connected through a lead and connected with a connection point on the left side of the capacitance measuring instrument, the bottom ends of the four groups of sensing unit lower right corner screws are sequentially connected through a lead and connected with a connection point on the left side of the capacitance measuring instrument, and the lead and the bottom ends of the screws are fixed through welding;
preferably, the screw is a metal conductor, penetrates through the corner block and is fixedly connected with the bottom plate through threads, and the lower end of the screw extends 1mm from the lower surface of the bottom plate;
preferably, the flexible electrode on the upper surface is in contact connection with the flexible conductive cloth, and the flexible conductive cloth is in winding connection with the screw by utilizing the viscosity of the flexible conductive cloth;
further preferably, the corner block and the bottom plate are made of non-conductive materials;
further preferably, the capacitance measuring instrument is used for measuring capacitance change of the parallel sensing units;
the method for measuring the deformation of the effect target measuring device based on the dielectric elastomer is beneficial toUsing the sensing characteristic of the single-layer dielectric elastomer, and acquiring the initial capacitance C of the four groups of sensing units which are combined in parallel by a capacitance measuring instrument in an initial state0When the shock wave pressure load P acts on the surface of the measuring device, the sensing unit deforms under the extrusion action of the pressure load, and the maximum capacitance value C is measured by the capacitance measuring instrument1According to the mapping relation between the shock wave pressure P and the capacitance C
The desired measured pressure load P is obtained, where μ is the shear modulus of the dielectric elastomer film.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention connects each group of sensing units in a parallel combination mode, improves the pressure measurement precision of the device, has low manufacturing cost and is suitable for large-scale arrangement in an explosion test field.
(2) According to the invention, the capacitance values before and after the pressure load effect are measured, and the pressure load size can be rapidly obtained according to the mapping relation between the capacitance and the pressure load, so that the introduction of artificial measurement errors is reduced, and the measurement stability is improved.
(3) The dielectric elastomer film adopted in the invention can generate large deformation under the action of external load, can meet the measurement requirements of different explosion power fields, and improves the application range of the device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the upper surface layout of the testing device of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the layout of the lower surface of the testing device of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the test apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a pressure-capacitance curve comparison graph of sensing units with different combination modes
The designations in the drawings have the following meanings:
1-a sensing unit; 2-a screw; 3-corner block; 4-a bottom plate; 5-capacitance measuring instrument; 6-a wire; 7-flexible conductive cloth; 8-single layer dielectric elastomer film; 9-a flexible electrode; 10-point of attachment.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and preferred embodiments.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the present invention provides a shock wave pressure measuring device of a parallel combined type dielectric elastomer, the device comprises a bottom plate 4, four groups of rectangular sensing units 1 arranged on the upper surface of the bottom plate 4, wherein four corners of each group of sensing units 1 are fixed on the bottom plate 4 through corner blocks 3 through screws 2, each sensing unit 1 consists of a single-layer dielectric elastomer film 8 with flexible electrodes 9 coated on the upper and lower surfaces and flexible conductive cloth 7, the flexible electrodes 9 on the upper surface are connected with the lower left corner screws 2 of the sensing units 1 through the flexible conductive cloth 7, the flexible electrodes 9 on the lower surface are connected with the lower right corner screws 2 of the sensing units 1 through the flexible conductive cloth 7, the bottom ends of the lower left corner screws 2 and the bottom ends of the lower right corner screws 2 of the four groups of sensing units 1 are respectively connected through leads 6 and connected into a capacitance measuring instrument 5 in sequence, and the capacitance measuring instrument 5 is fixed on the upper surface of;
as a preferred implementation method of the present invention, the single-layer dielectric elastomer film 8 in the four groups of sensing units 1 is made of polyurethane or silicone rubber, the flexible electrodes 9 are made of carbon paste, and the carbon paste is uniformly coated on the upper and lower surfaces of the single-layer dielectric elastomer film 8;
as the preferred embodiment of the invention, the screw 2 is a metal conductor, the screw 2 penetrates through the corner block 3 and is fixedly connected with the bottom plate 4 through threads, and the lower end of the screw extends 1mm from the lower surface of the bottom plate 4;
as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the upper surface flexible electrode 9 is connected with the flexible conductive cloth 7 by contact, and the flexible conductive cloth 7 is connected with the screw 2 by winding by using its own viscosity;
as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the corner block 3 and the bottom plate 4 are made of non-conductive materials;
as a preferred embodiment of the invention, the four groups of rectangular sensing units 1 have equal length, width and thickness, the distance delta L between two adjacent groups of sensing units 1 is more than or equal to 0.3L, and L is the maximum length of the adjacent edges of the two groups of sensing units 1;
as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bottom ends of the screws 2 at the lower left corner of the four groups of sensing units 1 are sequentially connected through a wire 6 and connected with a left side connection point 9 of the capacitance measuring instrument 5, the bottom ends of the screws 2 at the lower right corner of the four groups of sensing units 1 are sequentially connected through a wire 6 and connected with a right side connection point 9 of the capacitance measuring instrument 5, and the wire 6 and the bottom ends of the screws 2 are fixed by welding;
as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the capacitance measuring instrument 5 is used for measuring capacitance changes of the parallel sensing units;
the method for measuring deformation based on the dielectric elastomer-based effect target measuring device comprises the following steps: by utilizing the sensing characteristic of the single-layer dielectric elastomer 8, in an initial state, the initial capacitance C obtained by combining the four groups of sensing units 1 in parallel is obtained by the capacitance measuring instrument 50When the shock wave pressure load P acts on the surface of the measuring device, the sensing unit 1 deforms under the extrusion action of the pressure load, and the maximum capacitance value C is measured by the capacitance measuring instrument 51According to the mapping relation between the shock wave pressure P and the capacitance C
The desired measured pressure load P is obtained, where μ is the shear modulus of the dielectric elastomer film 8.
The performance of the device of the present invention is analyzed with reference to specific examples.
As an embodiment, the dielectric elastomer film in the measuring device is made of low-elasticity polyurethane material, the thickness H of a single-layer film is 50 mu m, and the relative dielectric coefficient epsilonrA dielectric constant ε of 7.10Is 8.852X 10-12F/m, Young's modulus of 1.44MPa, effective size L of the sensing unit1×L2The diameter was 20 mm. times.20 mm. Under the action of a certain pressure load, capacitance values in an initial state and a deformation state and the pressure corresponding to deformation can be respectively calculated through a theoretical formula. Wherein, the capacitance calculation formula of the single-layer dielectric elastomer film is C ═ epsilon0εrl1l2/h，l1Is L1Length of the side after load application, l2Is L2The length after the side load is applied, h is the thickness of the film after the pressure load is applied, the single-layer film is deformed in two directions of the length under the pressure load, and the stretching ratio can be expressed as lambda-l1/L1＝l2/L2The relationship between the deformation of the membrane and the pressure P can be expressed as P ═ μ (λ)2-λ-4). For the device, four groups of sensing units are connected in parallel, so that the initial total capacitance C is obtained in the initial state0＝(ε0εrL1L2H)/4, if the four groups of sensing units are all acted by the same P, the capacitance of the four groups of sensing units is changed, and the total capacitance C after deformation is obtained1＝C0λ4/4, C for the device according to the invention can be obtained by setting different lambda values1P-curve, as shown in fig. 4. For comparison, a single group of sensing units and a series combination of four groups of sensing units C are shown in FIG. 41-a P-curve. As can be seen from fig. 4, under the same condition of the deformation of the thin film, the single group of sensing units, the four groups of series combined sensing units and the four groups of parallel sensing units have the same shock wave pressure measurement range; the measurement precision of the single group of sensing units is 383.36Pa/Pf, the measurement precision of the combined device with the four groups of sensing units connected in series is 1533.46Pa/Pf, and the measurement precision of the combined device with the four groups of sensing units connected in parallel is 98.84 Pa/Pf.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, therefore, all equivalent technical solutions also belong to the scope of the invention, and the scope of the invention is defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A shock wave pressure measuring device of a parallel combined type dielectric elastomer is characterized in that: the device comprises a bottom plate (4), four groups of rectangular sensing units (1) are arranged on the upper surface of the bottom plate (4), four corners of each group of sensing units (1) are fixed on the bottom plate (4) through corner blocks (3) through screws (2), each sensing unit (1) consists of a single-layer dielectric elastomer film (8) with a flexible electrode (9) coated on the upper surface and the lower surface and a flexible conductive cloth (7), the flexible electrode (9) on the upper surface is connected with the lower left corner screw (2) of the sensing unit (1) through the flexible conductive cloth (7), the flexible electrode (9) on the lower surface is connected with the lower right corner screw (2) of the sensing unit (1) through the flexible conductive cloth (7), the bottom ends of the lower left corner screw (2) and the lower right corner screw (2) of the four groups of sensing units (1) are sequentially and respectively connected with a measuring instrument through a lead (6) and connected with a capacitor (5), and the capacitor measuring instrument (5) is fixed on the upper surface of the bottom plate (4; the bottom ends of the left lower corner screws (2) of the four groups of sensing units (1) are sequentially connected through a lead (6) and are connected with a connection point (10) on the left side of the capacitance measuring instrument (5), the bottom ends of the right lower corner screws (2) of the four groups of sensing units (1) are sequentially connected through a lead (6) and are connected with a connection point (10) on the right side of the capacitance measuring instrument (5), and the lead (6) and the bottom ends of the screws (2) are fixed through welding.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pressure sensor is configured to measure the pressure of the shock wave of the dielectric elastomer in parallel combination with the pressure sensor: the single-layer dielectric elastomer film (8) in the four groups of sensing units (1) is made of polyurethane or silicon rubber materials, the flexible electrode (9) is made of carbon paste, and the carbon paste is uniformly coated on the upper surface and the lower surface of the single-layer dielectric elastomer film (8).
3. The shock wave pressure measurement device of the parallel-combined dielectric elastomer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the four groups of rectangular sensing units (1) are equal in length, width and thickness, the distance delta L between two adjacent groups of sensing units (1) is more than or equal to 0.3L, and L is the maximum length of the adjacent sides of the two groups of sensing units (1).
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pressure sensor is configured to measure the pressure of the shock wave of the dielectric elastomer in parallel combination with the pressure sensor: the screw (2) select for use metallic conductor, screw (2) are followed hornblock (3) and are run through to be connected fixedly through screw thread and bottom plate (4), and the lower extreme is followed bottom plate (4) lower surface epitaxy 1 mm.
5. The shock wave pressure measurement device of the parallel-combined dielectric elastomer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the flexible electrode (9) on the upper surface is in contact connection with the flexible conductive cloth (7), and the flexible conductive cloth (7) is connected with the screw (2) through winding by utilizing the viscosity of the flexible conductive cloth.
6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the corner block (3) and the bottom plate (4) are made of non-conductive materials.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pressure sensor is configured to measure the pressure of the shock wave of the dielectric elastomer in parallel combination with the pressure sensor: the capacitance measuring instrument (5) is used for measuring capacitance change of the parallel sensing units.
8. A method of measuring a shock wave pressure using the device for measuring a shock wave pressure of a dielectric elastomer combined in parallel as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: by utilizing the sensing characteristic of the single-layer dielectric elastomer (8), in an initial state, the initial capacitance C0 after the four groups of sensing units (1) are combined in parallel is obtained through the capacitance measuring instrument (5), when a shock wave pressure load P acts on the surface of a measuring device, the sensing units (1) deform under the extrusion action of the pressure load, at the moment, the maximum capacitance C1 is obtained through the measurement of the capacitance measuring instrument (5), and then the mapping relation between the shock wave pressure P and the capacitance C is obtained according to the mapping relation
The pressure load P to be measured is obtained, where μ is the shear modulus of the dielectric elastomer film (8).
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