CN107286121B - 四氯化钛作用下三羰基化合物缩合制备多取代呋喃化合物的方法 - Google Patents

四氯化钛作用下三羰基化合物缩合制备多取代呋喃化合物的方法 Download PDF

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CN107286121B
CN107286121B CN201710472254.7A CN201710472254A CN107286121B CN 107286121 B CN107286121 B CN 107286121B CN 201710472254 A CN201710472254 A CN 201710472254A CN 107286121 B CN107286121 B CN 107286121B
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唐强
陆丹
罗娟
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Abstract

本发明提供一种四氯化钛作用下三羰基化合物缩合制备多取代呋喃化合物的方法,即在惰性气体保护下,三羰基化合物和四氯化钛以二氯甲烷或甲苯为溶剂,在搅拌下发生反应,反应结束后分离得到所述多取代呋喃化合物。本发明所述的合成方法,原料易得,成本低廉,反应条件温和,操作简单易控,副反应较少,后处理简单,产品收率较高,大大节约了生产成本,具有较好的经济效益,适宜于工业化大生产。

Description

四氯化钛作用下三羰基化合物缩合制备多取代呋喃化合物的 方法
技术领域
本发明涉及多取代呋喃化合物的制备方法,具体涉及以三羰基化合物为原料,四氯化钛为缩合剂进行Paal-Knorr反应高效合成多取代呋喃化合物的方法。
背景技术
呋喃是一种重要的五元杂环化合物,很多天然产物、药物以及功能材料的核心结构单元就是呋喃。含呋喃结构的化合物通常都具有一定的生物活性,例如抗菌、杀虫、抗癌、抗炎、抗过敏、促进头发生长、免疫抑制等活性。
鉴于呋喃类化合物的重要性,关于呋喃的合成,特别是多取代呋喃化合物的合成一直是有机化学领域的研究热点而备受人们的广泛关注。目前已知的呋喃合成方法众多,但其中最经典的方法之一就是Paal-Knorr呋喃合成反应。该方法以1,4-二羰基化合物为原料,通过缩合反应可以一步制备得到多取代呋喃化合物。然而该方法的主要缺点是缩合反应条件苛刻,通常需要强酸、高温、有毒溶剂、较长的反应时间、或者一些特殊反应设备。常用的方法包括:a)布朗斯特酸(例如浓硫酸、浓盐酸、三氟醋酸、对甲苯磺酸等);b)路易斯酸(例如Bi(NO3)3·5H2O,InCl3,SnCl2·2H2O);c)离子液体或低共熔溶剂;d)微波或超声辅助缩合反应。这些方法都有一定的底物适应范围,只对部分底物有效。例如我们在对三羰基化合物Ia进行缩合反应时,发现一些常用的合成手段都无法得到相应的呋喃产物IIa。由此可见,寻找新的高效、适用于呋喃合成方法研究具有重要意义。
Figure BSA0000146278970000011
四氯化钛是一种典型的路易斯酸,对含氧化合物有较强的亲和力,广泛用于有机化学中的各种官能团转化反应中。另外四氯化钛是一种吸水性很强的化合物,常常作为脱水试剂用于亚胺或烯胺的制备合成中。但是将四氯化钛作为脱水试剂用于Paal-Knorr呋喃合成反应,目前还未见文献报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种以三羰基化合物为原料,四氯化钛为缩合剂进行Paal-Knorr反应高效合成多取代呋喃化合物的方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供的技术方案如下:四氯化钛作用下三羰基化合物缩合制备多取代呋喃化合物的方法,其特征在于:在四氯化钛存在下,通式(I)或(III)所示的三羰基化合物在溶剂中发生缩合反应得到通式(II)、(IV)和(IV’)所示的多取代呋喃化合物,其化学反应式(A)和(B)如下所示:
Figure BSA0000146278970000021
其中,R1为C1-C6烷基,R2为H或C1-C6的烷基;或R1和R2连接在一起形成-(CH2)n-或甲基取代的-(CH2)n-,n为3或4;R3和R4可以相同或不相同,当R3和R4相同,选自苯基或C1-C6的烷基,当R3和R4不相同,R3为C1-C6的烷氧基,R4为C1-C6的烷基;或R3和R4连接在一起形成-(CH2)n-或甲基取代的-(CH2)n-,n为2或3;R5为C1-C6烷基,R6为H或C1-C6烷基;或R5和R6连接在一起形成-(CH2)n-,n为3或4。
优选地,R1为C1-C4烷基,R2为H或C1-C4的烷基;或R1和R2连接在一起形成-(CH2)3-、-(CH2)4-或-CH2C(CH3)2(CH2)2-;R3和R4可以相同或不相同,当R3和R4相同,选自苯基或C1-C4的烷基,当R3和R4不相同,R3为C1-C4的烷氧基,R4为C1-C4的烷基;或R3和R4连接在一起形成-(CH2)2-、-(CH2)3-或-CH2C(CH3)2CH2-;R5为C1-C4烷基,R6为H或C1-C4烷基;或R5和R6连接在一起形成-(CH2)3-或-(CH2)4-。
其中,所述溶剂选自二氯甲烷或甲苯。
其中,所述反应温度为0-140℃,反应时间为0.1-100小时;优选地,所述反应温度为20-80℃,反应时间为0.1-24小时。
其中,所述三羰基化合物和四氯化钛的摩尔比为1∶(1-5)。
上述的制备多取代呋喃化合物的方法,其操作步骤如下:在惰性气体保护下,所述三羰基化合物和四氯化钛以二氯甲烷或甲苯为溶剂,在搅拌下发生反应,反应结束后分离得到所述多取代呋喃化合物。
其中,所述反应进程由TLC跟踪
上述制备多取代呋喃化合物的方法,所述分离方法的步骤为:在反应液中加入饱和氯化铵水溶液淬灭,得到两相溶液,分离出有机相,水相再用二氯甲烷萃取,合并有机相并用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压旋蒸浓缩后再采用柱层析分离。
优选地,所述溶剂为甲苯,所述反应温度为80℃,反应时间为0.5-2小时,所述三羰基化合物和四氯化钛的摩尔比为1∶(2-3)。
与现有的多取代呋喃合成反应相比,本发明具有以下的优点:
1)本发明首次将四氯化钛作为脱水试剂用于以本发明所述的三羰基化合物为底物通过Paal-Knorr呋喃合成反应制备多取代呋喃化合物,扩展了Paal-Knorr呋喃合成法的底物范围,具有实际的应用价值。
2)以本发明所述的三羰基化合物为原料通过常规方法难以获得多取代呋喃化合物,本发明所述的制备方法能高效合成多个多取代的呋喃化合物,反应条件温和,一锅反应,操作简单,降低了生产成本。
3)本发明所述的合成方法,区域选择性好,副反应较少,产物易分离,后处理简单,且取得了较好的收率(60-85%)。
综上可见,本发明所述的合成方法(一锅反应),原料易得,成本低廉,反应条件温和,操作简单易控,副反应较少,后处理简单,产品收率较高,大大节约了生产成本,具有较好的经济效益,适宜于工业化大生产。
具体实施方式
通过以下实施例详细说明本发明,但是本发明并未仅限于实施例中。
实施例1:三羰基化合物Ia的缩合反应
Figure BSA0000146278970000031
于安装有回流冷凝管并在氮气保护下的50mL两口烧瓶中,依次加入新蒸的甲苯(20mL),三羰基化合物Ia(5mmol)和四氯化钛(10mmol)。在搅拌中加热升至80℃反应0.5-2小时,反应中用TLC不断监控反应,然后加入饱和氯化铵水溶液(10mL)淬灭,得到两相溶液。用分液漏斗分离出上层甲苯溶液,下层水溶液再用二氯甲烷萃取(3×10mL)。混合所得甲苯与二氯甲烷溶液,无水硫酸钠干燥后减压旋蒸浓缩,再直接进行硅胶柱层析分离,得到呋喃IIa为淡黄色油状物,产率84%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ2.77(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),2.52(q,J=7.4Hz,2H),2.43(dd,J=7.2,5.8Hz,2H),2.18(s,3H),2.16-2.03(m,2H),1.10(t,J=7.5Hz,3H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ195.24,165.39,147.03,120.48,119.23,38.37,23.52,22.73,17.17,14.86,10.89;IR(KBr,cm-1):2933,1671,1456,1290,1060,1008,905,561;HRMS(ESI)calcd forC11H15O2(M+H)+:179.1072,Found:179.1069.
实施例2:三羰基化合物Ib的缩合反应
Figure BSA0000146278970000041
于安装有回流冷凝管并在氮气保护下的50mL两口烧瓶中,依次加入新蒸的甲苯(20mL),三羰基化合物Ib(5mmol)和四氯化钛(15mmol)。在搅拌中加热升至80℃反应0.5-2小时,反应中用TLC不断监控反应,然后加入饱和氯化铵水溶液(10mL)淬灭,得到两相溶液。用分液漏斗分离出上层甲苯溶液,下层水溶液再用二氯甲烷萃取(3×10mL)。混合所得甲苯与二氯甲烷溶液,无水硫酸钠干燥后减压旋蒸浓缩,再直接进行硅胶柱层析分离,得到呋喃IIb为无色油状物,产率90%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ2.78(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),2.46-2.39(m,2H),2.17(s,3H),2.14-2.07(m,2H),2.10(s,3H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ195.84,165.18,147.49,121.03,112.60,38.28,23.48,22.76,10.85,8.98.IR(KBr,cm-1):2950,1671,1585,1438,1296,1193,1009,896,677,560;HRMS(ESI)calcd for C10H13O2(M+H)+:165.0916,Found:165.0916.
实施例3:三羰基化合物Ic的缩合反应
Figure BSA0000146278970000042
于安装有回流冷凝管并在氮气保护下的50mL两口烧瓶中,依次加入新蒸的甲苯(20mL),三羰基化合物Ic(5mmol)和四氯化钛(10mmol)。在搅拌中加热升至80℃反应0.5-2小时,反应中用TLC不断监控反应,然后加入饱和氯化铵水溶液(10mL)淬灭,得到两相溶液。用分液漏斗分离出上层甲苯溶液,下层水溶液再用二氯甲烷萃取(3×10mL)。混合所得甲苯与二氯甲烷溶液,无水硫酸钠干燥后减压旋蒸浓缩,再直接进行硅胶柱层析分离,得到呋喃IIc为棕色油状物,产率75%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ2.79(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),2.58-2.38(m,6H),2.17-2.07(m,2H),1.56(ddd,J=22.3,11.3,4.8Hz,4H),1.34(dd,J=15.0,7.4Hz,2H),0.91(dt,J=9.5,7.4Hz,6H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ195.30,165.47,151.84,120.53,117.31,38.41,30.73,25.71,25.26,23.60,23.48,22.71,22.31,13.89,13.82;IR(KBr,cm-1):2957,1675,1456,1188,1061,1009;HRMS(ESI)calcd for C15H23O2(M+H)+:235.1698,Found:235.1696.
实施例4:三羰基化合物Id的缩合反应
Figure BSA0000146278970000051
于安装有回流冷凝管并在氮气保护下的50mL两口烧瓶中,依次加入新蒸的甲苯(20mL),三羰基化合物Id(5mmol)和四氯化钛(20mmol)。在搅拌中加热升至60℃反应4小时,反应中用TLC不断监控反应,然后加入饱和氯化铵水溶液(10mL)淬灭,得到两相溶液。用分液漏斗分离出上层甲苯溶液,下层水溶液再用二氯甲烷萃取(3×10mL)。混合所得甲苯与二氯甲烷溶液,无水硫酸钠干燥后减压旋蒸浓缩,再直接进行硅胶柱层析分离,得到呋喃IId为无色油状物,产率80%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ2.60(ddd,J=7.7,4.0,1.7Hz,2H),2.52-2.47(m,2H),2.52(s,3H),2.36(s,3H),1.85-1.67(m,4H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ194.97,156.81,149.26,121.85,116.41,30.65,23.07,23.03,22.85,22.49,14.90;IR(KBr,cm-1):2936,1671,1557,1357,1118,956,631;MS(ESI)calcd for C11H15O2(M+H)+:179.1,Found:179.2.
实施例5:三羰基化合物Ie的缩合反应
Figure BSA0000146278970000061
于安装有回流冷凝管并在氮气保护下的50mL两口烧瓶中,依次加入新蒸的甲苯(20mL),三羰基化合物Ie(5mmol)和四氯化钛(10mmol)。在搅拌中加热升至80℃反应0.5-2小时,反应中用TLC不断监控反应,然后加入饱和氯化铵水溶液(10mL)淬灭,得到两相溶液。用分液漏斗分离出上层甲苯溶液,下层水溶液再用二氯甲烷萃取(3×10mL)。混合所得甲苯与二氯甲烷溶液,无水硫酸钠干燥后减压旋蒸浓缩,再直接进行硅胶柱层析分离,得到呋喃IIe为黄色油状物,产率79%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.82(dd,J=8.2,1.1Hz,2H),7.52-7.38(m,3H),7.32(t,J=7.7Hz,2H),7.24-7.12(m,3H),2.71(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),2.38(dd,J=8.2,3.9Hz,2H),2.00-1.83(m,2H),1.81-1.67(m,2H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ193.51,152.80,151.00,137.97,132.91,130.31,129.79,128.32,128.22,128.04,126.94,121.05,119.48,23.17,22.82,22.72,21.65;MS(ESI)calcd for C21H19O2(M+H)+:303.1,Found:303.3.
实施例6:三羰基化合物If的缩合反应
Figure BSA0000146278970000062
于安装有回流冷凝管并在氮气保护下的50mL两口烧瓶中,依次加入新蒸的甲苯(20mL),三羰基化合物If(5mmol)和四氯化钛(10mmol)。在搅拌中加热升至80℃反应0.5-2小时,反应中用TLC不断监控反应,然后加入饱和氯化铵水溶液(10mL)淬灭,得到两相溶液。用分液漏斗分离出上层甲苯溶液,下层水溶液再用二氯甲烷萃取(3×10mL)。混合所得甲苯与二氯甲烷溶液,无水硫酸钠干燥后减压旋蒸浓缩,再直接进行硅胶柱层析分离,得到呋喃IIf为无色油状物,产率76%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ2.91(s,4H),2.62(t,J=6.1Hz,2H),2.58-2.48(m,2H),1.82(dt,J=8.3,4.6Hz,2H),1.71(ddd,J=14.8,7.3,3.9Hz,2H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ196.00,181.55,158.46,128.05,113.78,41.60,23.50,22.56,22.45,22.31,20.97;HRMS(ESI)calcd for C11H13O2(M+H)+:177.0916,Found:177.0905.
实施例7:三羰基化合物Ig的缩合反应
Figure BSA0000146278970000071
于安装有回流冷凝管并在氮气保护下的50mL两口烧瓶中,依次加入新蒸的甲苯(20mL),三羰基化合物Ig(5mmol)和四氯化钛(10mmol)。在搅拌中加热升至80℃反应0.5-2小时,反应中用TLC不断监控反应,然后加入饱和氯化铵水溶液(10mL)淬灭,得到两相溶液。用分液漏斗分离出上层甲苯溶液,下层水溶液再用二氯甲烷萃取(3×10mL)。混合所得甲苯与二氯甲烷溶液,无水硫酸钠干燥后减压旋蒸浓缩,再直接进行硅胶柱层析分离,得到呋喃IIg为淡黄色油状物,产率83%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ2.84(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),2.67(ddt,J=11.5,9.6,4.8Hz,4H),2.54-2.36(m,4H),2.20-2.04(m,2H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ194.94,170.85,159.21,123.17,120.02,37.87,27.91,24.47,24.22,23.26,22.84;IR(KBr,cm-1):3419,2956,1628,1390,1219,1094,1003,813,520;HRMS(ESI)calcd for C11H13O2(M+H)+:177.0916,Found:177.0910.
实施例8:三羰基化合物Ih的缩合反应
Figure BSA0000146278970000072
于安装有回流冷凝管并在氮气保护下的50mL两口烧瓶中,依次加入新蒸的甲苯(20mL),三羰基化合物Ih(5mmol)和四氯化钛(10mmol)。在搅拌中加热升至80℃反应0.5-2小时,反应中用TLC不断监控反应,然后加入饱和氯化铵水溶液(10mL)淬灭,得到两相溶液。用分液漏斗分离出上层甲苯溶液,下层水溶液再用二氯甲烷萃取(3×10mL)。混合所得甲苯与二氯甲烷溶液,无水硫酸钠干燥后减压旋蒸浓缩,再直接进行硅胶柱层析分离,得到呋喃IIh为淡黄色油状物,产率75%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ2.81(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),2.54(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),2.49-2.37(m,4H),2.19-2.04(m,2H),1.55(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),0.97(s,6H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ195.66,166.02,149.69,120.65,114.64,38.09,35.65,35.19,29.99,27.81,23.60,22.80,20.28;IR(KBr,cm-1):2952,1674,1462,1098,1012,803;HRMS(ESI)calcd for C14H19O2(M+H)+:219.1385,Found:219.1388.
实施例9:三羰基化合物Ii的缩合反应
Figure BSA0000146278970000081
于安装有回流冷凝管并在氮气保护下的50mL两口烧瓶中,依次加入新蒸的甲苯(20mL),三羰基化合物Ii(5mmol)和四氯化钛(10mmol)。在搅拌中加热升至80℃反应0.5-2小时,反应中用TLC不断监控反应,然后加入饱和氯化铵水溶液(10mL)淬灭,得到两相溶液。用分液漏斗分离出上层甲苯溶液,下层水溶液再用二氯甲烷萃取(3×10mL)。混合所得甲苯与二氯甲烷溶液,无水硫酸钠干燥后减压旋蒸浓缩,再直接进行硅胶柱层析分离,得到呋喃IIi为白色固体,熔点:58℃,产率78%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ2.65(s,2H),2.61(dd,J=7.9,4.0Hz,2H),2.53(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),2.29(s,2H),1.78(dd,J=7.7,3.7Hz,2H),1.68(dd,J=7.6,3.7Hz,2H),1.10(s,6H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ194.91,164.65,151.17,119.13,115.15,52.45,37.54,35.21,28.66,22.86,22.64,22.59,21.42;IR(KBr,cm-1):2952,1661,1574,1463,1355,1156,1042,587;MS(ESI)calcd for C14H19O2(M+H)+:219.1,Found:219.0.
实施例10:三羰基化合物Ij的缩合反应
Figure BSA0000146278970000082
于安装有回流冷凝管并在氮气保护下的50mL两口烧瓶中,依次加入新蒸的甲苯(20mL),三羰基化合物Ij(5mmol)和四氯化钛(10mmol)。在搅拌中加热升至80℃反应0.5-2小时,反应中用TLC不断监控反应,然后加入饱和氯化铵水溶液(10mL)淬灭,得到两相溶液。用分液漏斗分离出上层甲苯溶液,下层水溶液再用二氯甲烷萃取(3×10mL)。混合所得甲苯与二氯甲烷溶液,无水硫酸钠干燥后减压旋蒸浓缩,再直接进行硅胶柱层析分离,得到呋喃IIj为无色油状物,产率78%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ4.25(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.64-2.55(m,2H),2.55-2.45(m,2H),2.52(s,3H),1.86-1.75(m,2H),1.75-1.65(m,2H),1.33(t,J=7.1Hz,3H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ165.06,157.56,149.12,117.35,112.83,59.66,22.90,22.86,22.74,22.30,14.38,14.00;2937,1712,1584,1444,1275,1153,1086,780;IR(KBr,cm-1):MS(ESI)calcd for C12H17O3(M+H)+:209.1,Found:209.3.
实施例11:三羰基化合物Ik的缩合反应
Figure BSA0000146278970000091
于安装有回流冷凝管并在氮气保护下的50mL两口烧瓶中,依次加入新蒸的甲苯(20mL),三羰基化合物Ik(5mmol)和四氯化钛(10mmol)。在搅拌中加热升至80℃反应0.5-2小时,反应中用TLC不断监控反应,然后加入饱和氯化铵水溶液(10mL)淬灭,得到两相溶液。用分液漏斗分离出上层甲苯溶液,下层水溶液再用二氯甲烷萃取(3×10mL)。混合所得甲苯与二氯甲烷溶液,无水硫酸钠干燥后减压旋蒸浓缩,再直接进行硅胶柱层析分离,得到呋喃IIk为黄色油状物,产率84%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ6.21(s,1H),4.26(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.52(s,3H),2.23(s,3H),1.33(t,J=7.1Hz,3H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ164.37,157.56,149.87,114.00,106.18,59.91,14.38,13.67,13.19;IR(KBr,cm-1):2925,1716,1591,1282,1205,1081,777;MS(ESI)calcd for C9H13O3(M+H)+:169.1,Found:169.0.
实施例12:三羰基化合物IIIa的缩合反应
Figure BSA0000146278970000092
于安装有回流冷凝管并在氮气保护下的50mL两口烧瓶中,依次加入新蒸的甲苯(20mL),三羰基化合物IIIa(5mmol)和四氯化钛(10mmol)。在搅拌中加热升至80℃反应0.5-2小时,反应中用TLC不断监控反应,然后加入饱和氯化铵水溶液(10mL)淬灭,得到两相溶液。用分液漏斗分离出上层甲苯溶液,下层水溶液再用二氯甲烷萃取(3×10mL)。混合所得甲苯与二氯甲烷溶液,无水硫酸钠干燥后减压旋蒸浓缩,再直接进行硅胶柱层析分离,得到两个呋喃异构体。
异构体IVa为无色液体,产率36%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.60(dd,J=7.8,1.7Hz,2H),7.42(d,J=7.2Hz,3H),2.64(td,J=7.3,1.7Hz,4H),2.26(s,3H),1.95-1.81(m,2H),1.81-1.69(m,2H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ196.51,155.29,151.15,131.03,129.15,128.77,128.39,123.14,118.35,77.35,77.03,76.71,30.49,23.08,22.93,22.56,22.51;IR(KBr,cm-1):2935,2852,1650,1447,904,701;HRMS(ESI)calcd for C16H17O2(M+H)+:241.1229,Found:241.1221.
异构体Iva’为无色液体,产率38%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.73(dd,J=5.2,3.3Hz,2H),7.60-7.49(m,1H),7.44(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.57(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),2.31(tt,J=6.0,1.8Hz,2H),2.24(s,3H),1.89-1.76(m,2H),1.72-1.59(m,2H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ193.07,155.69,149.57,139.75,132.17,129.01,128.32,121.43,117.40,22.93,22.91,22.71,22.21,14.24;IR(KBr,cm-1):2933,1651,1446,1157,904,733,701;HRMS(ESI)calcdfor C16H17O2(M+H)+:241.1229,Found:241.1227.
实施例13:三羰基化合物IIIb的缩合反应
Figure BSA0000146278970000101
于安装有回流冷凝管并在氮气保护下的50mL两口烧瓶中,依次加入新蒸的甲苯(20mL),三羰基化合物IIIb(5mmol)和四氯化钛(10mmol)。在搅拌中加热升至80℃反应0.5-2小时,反应中用TLC不断监控反应,然后加入饱和氯化铵水溶液(10mL)淬灭,得到两相溶液。用分液漏斗分离出上层甲苯溶液,下层水溶液再用二氯甲烷萃取(3×10mL)。混合所得甲苯与二氯甲烷溶液,无水硫酸钠干燥后减压旋蒸浓缩,再直接进行硅胶柱层析分离,得到两个呋喃异构体。
异构体IVb为淡黄色固体,熔点:58-60℃,产率34%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.59(d,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.41(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.26(dd,J=9.0,5.8Hz,1H),2.90(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),2.66(s,3H),2.56-2.43(m,2H),2.15-2.01(m,2H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ196.06,156.46,145.28,130.86,128.70,127.01,124.56,120.68,120.10,39.71,24.00,22.14,14.05;IR(KBr,cm-1):2946,1741,1609,1494,1028,763,693;
HRMS(ESI)calcd for C15H15O2(M+H)+:227.1072,Found:227.1069.
异构体IVb’为淡黄色液体,产率39%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.29(dd,J=5.3,3.4Hz,2H),7.42(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.36(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),2.66-2.48(m,4H),2.30(s,3H),2.03(t,J=6.3Hz,2H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ194.87,153.91,144.99,129.91,129.26,128.24,127.15,121.30,119.13,40.81,23.66,20.49,11.59;IR(KBr,cm-1):3735,2934,1685,1534,1307,1072,778;HRMS(ESI)calcd for C15H15O2(M+H)+:227.1072,Found:227.1072.
实施例14:三羰基化合物IIIc的缩合反应
Figure BSA0000146278970000111
于安装有回流冷凝管并在氮气保护下的50mL两口烧瓶中,依次加入新蒸的甲苯(20mL),三羰基化合物IIIc(5mmol)和四氯化钛(10mmol)。在搅拌中加热升至80℃反应0.5-2小时,反应中用TLC不断监控反应,然后加入饱和氯化铵水溶液(10mL)淬灭,得到两相溶液。用分液漏斗分离出上层甲苯溶液,下层水溶液再用二氯甲烷萃取(3×10mL)。混合所得甲苯与二氯甲烷溶液,无水硫酸钠干燥后减压旋蒸浓缩,再直接进行硅胶柱层析分离,得到两个呋喃异构体。
异构体IVc为无色油状物,产率42%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.86-7.72(m,2H),7.59-7.49(m,1H),7.44(dd,J=10.3,4.6Hz,2H),6.16(s,1H),2.47(s,3H),2.27(s,3H);13CNMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ191.49,157.97,149.77,139.39,131.97,128.92,128.26,121.24,107.51,14.17,13.20;IR(KBr,cm-1):3446,2917,2849,1601,1488,1260,765,700;MS(ESI)calcd for C13H13O2(M+H)+:201.1,Found:201.0.
异构体IVc’为无色油状物,产率41%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.65(dd,J=5.2,3.3Hz,2H),7.39(dd,J=10.5,4.8Hz,2H),7.28(dd,J=10.9,4.6Hz,1H),6.84(s,1H),2.66(s,3H),2.45(s,3H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ194.15,157.94,151.69,129.93,128.78,127.78,123.69,123.26,105.09,29.17,14.54;IR(KBr,cm-1):3103,1685,1609,1580,1402,1234,953,760,690,474;MS(ESI)calcd for C13H13O2(M+H)+:201.1,Found:201.1.
实施例15:以二氯甲烷为溶剂进行三羰基化合物Ia的缩合反应
Figure BSA0000146278970000112
于氮气保护下的50mL两口烧瓶中,依次加入新蒸的二氯甲烷(20mL),三羰基化合物Ia(5mmol)和四氯化钛(10mmol)。室温搅拌1-24小时,反应中用TLC不断监控反应,然后加入饱和氯化铵水溶液(10mL)淬灭,得到两相溶液。用分液漏斗分离出下层二氯甲烷溶液,上层水溶液再用二氯甲烷萃取(3×10mL)。混合所有的二氯甲烷溶液,无水硫酸钠干燥后减压旋蒸浓缩,再直接进行硅胶柱层析分离,得到呋喃IIa为淡黄色油状物。

Claims (3)

1.一种四氯化钛作用下三羰基化合物缩合制备多取代呋喃化合物的方法,其特征在于:在四氯化钛存在下,通式(I)或(III)所示的三羰基化合物在溶剂中发生缩合反应得到通式(II)、(IV)和(IV’)所示的多取代呋喃化合物,其化学反应式(A)和(B)如下所示:
Figure FSB0000183958520000011
其中,R1为C1-C4烷基,R2为H或C1-C4的烷基;或R1和R2连接在一起形成-(CH2)3-、-(CH2)4-或-CH2C(CH3)2(CH2)2-;R3和R4可以相同或不相同,当R3和R4相同,选自苯基或C1-C4的烷基,当R3和R4不相同,R3为C1-C4的烷氧基,R4为C1-C4的烷基;或R3和R4连接在一起形成-(CH2)2-、-(CH2)3-或-CH2C(CH3)2CH2-;R5为C1-C4烷基,R6为H或C1-C4烷基;或R5和R6连接在一起形成-(CH2)3-或-(CH2)4-;
具体操作步骤如下:在惰性气体保护下,所述三羰基化合物和四氯化钛以二氯甲烷或甲苯为溶剂,在搅拌下发生反应,反应结束后,在反应液中加入饱和氯化铵水溶液淬灭,得到两相溶液,分离出有机相,水相再用二氯甲烷萃取,合并有机相并用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压旋蒸浓缩后再采用柱层析分离,分离得到所述多取代呋喃化合物;
其中,所述反应温度为20-80℃,反应时间为0.1-24小时;所述三羰基化合物和四氯化钛的摩尔比为1∶(1-5)。
2.如权利要求1所述的制备多取代呋喃化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述反应进程由TLC跟踪。
3.如权利要求1-2中任意一项所述的制备多取代呋喃化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂为甲苯,所述反应温度为80℃,反应时间为0.5-2小时,所述三羰基化合物和四氯化钛的摩尔比为1∶(2-3)。
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