CN107266107B - Fibrofelt reinforced aerogel foamed concrete and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fibrofelt reinforced aerogel foamed concrete and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107266107B CN107266107B CN201610214837.5A CN201610214837A CN107266107B CN 107266107 B CN107266107 B CN 107266107B CN 201610214837 A CN201610214837 A CN 201610214837A CN 107266107 B CN107266107 B CN 107266107B
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
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Abstract
The invention discloses fibrofelt reinforced aerogel foamed concrete and a preparation method thereof, and is characterized by comprising aerogel powder, foamed concrete and fibrofelt, wherein the aerogel powder comprises an internal hydrophobic layer and a surface hydrophilic layer, and the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer is 0.1-100 mu m. The preparation method of the fibrofelt reinforced aerogel foamed concrete comprises the following steps: (1) modifying aerogel powder; (2) dry-mixing the aerogel powder obtained in the step (1) with a cementing material, and then adding water for wet mixing; (3) mixing the wet mixed material obtained in the step (2) with a chemical foaming agent, and stirring; (4) and (4) soaking the wet mixed material obtained in the step (3) on a fiber felt, and foaming. The aerogel powder in the fibrofelt reinforced aerogel foamed concrete is of a nano porous structure, the fibrofelt reinforced aerogel foamed concrete has excellent heat insulation performance and mechanical property, can be widely applied to the fields of wall heat insulation, fire prevention, sound insulation and the like, and has a huge market application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a building material and a preparation method thereof, in particular to fibrofelt reinforced aerogel foamed concrete and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the fields of light, heat insulation, fire prevention, sound insulation materials and the like.
Background
With the progress of society, the problems of energy crisis, environmental deterioration, and the like become more serious. In 2006, the concept of energy conservation and emission reduction is proposed for the first time in the eleventh five-year planning outline of national economy and social development, and the constraint index that the total energy consumption of domestic production in a unit is reduced by about 20% and the total emission of main pollutants is reduced by 10% in a 'eleventh five-year' period (2006 + 2010) is proposed. Energy conservation promotes emission reduction, the building energy consumption accounts for 33 percent in the domestic total production energy consumption, and the building energy conservation is the important factor in the energy conservation and emission reduction business of China. According to statistics, the heat loss of the wall structure is relatively highest, and heat preservation and insulation measures are taken for the wall body, which is a key step of building energy conservation.
Common wall thermal insulation materials include expanded polystyrene, expanded polyurethane, rock wool, thermal mortar, expanded glass, traditional expanded concrete, and the like. The expanded polystyrene and the expanded polyurethane have excellent heat insulation performance, but are inflammable when encountering fire, generate asphyxiating smoke and seriously threaten the safety of owners; the rock wool has excellent heat-insulating performance, but fails when meeting water, and has high construction difficulty; the heat-insulating mortar has good fireproof performance, but relatively high heat conductivity coefficient; the foamed glass is easy to remove slag, the cost is high, and the engineering application of the foamed glass is influenced.
Compared with the existing heat-insulating material, the foamed concrete belongs to A-grade heat-insulating material, and has the advantages of high strength, low cost and the like, but the heat-insulating property of the foamed concrete is not as good as that of the organic foam heat-insulating material. Therefore, the method has important significance in further improving the heat preservation and heat insulation performance of the foamed concrete.
The aerogel is a light inorganic solid material with a three-dimensional network framework structure and nano-scale holes, has extremely high porosity and specific surface area, extremely low density and solid content, chemical inertness and incombustibility, shows excellent characteristics of light weight, heat preservation, heat insulation, fire prevention, sound insulation, shock absorption, energy absorption and the like, and has a heat conductivity coefficient as low as 0.013W/m.K. Therefore, if the aerogel is added into the foamed concrete, the bottleneck of restricting and further improving the heat insulation performance of the foamed concrete is expected to be broken through. The fiber felt has excellent mechanical properties such as flexibility, shearing resistance and compressive strength, and the mechanical properties of the foamed concrete can be obviously improved if the fiber felt is compounded with the foamed concrete.
However, the following technical bottlenecks are encountered in developing fiber mat reinforced aerogel foamed concrete: (1) because the density difference between the aerogel powder and the concrete is large, the aerogel powder and the concrete are easy to separate from each other in the mixing process, so that the aerogel is difficult to be uniformly distributed in a concrete system, the mechanical property of the foamed concrete is seriously reduced, and the heat-insulating property is not obviously improved; (2) in the preparation process of the foamed concrete, the nano porous structure of the aerogel is very easy to be damaged by water in the concrete and additives in cement raw materials, and the excellent heat insulation performance of the aerogel caused by the characteristics of the nano porous structure is lost; (3) the mechanical properties of the foamed concrete are obviously reduced due to low interface strength between the aerogel and the cementing material and between the fiber mat and the cementing material, and the aerogel powder and the fiber mat are easy to fall off from a concrete matrix.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a fibrofelt reinforced aerogel foamed concrete and a preparation method thereof.
The utility model provides a fibrofelt reinforcing aerogel foaming concrete, comprises aerogel powder, foaming concrete and fibrofelt, aerogel powder comprises inside hydrophobic layer and surface hydrophilic layer, surface hydrophilic layer thickness is 0.1~100 mu m.
In one embodiment, the fiber mat is one or more of a glass fiber mat, a basalt fiber mat, an alumina fiber mat, a carbon fiber mat, a silicon carbide fiber mat, a lignin fiber mat, a polypropylene fiber mat, a polyvinyl alcohol fiber mat, and a polyvinyl chloride fiber mat.
A preparation method of fiber felt reinforced aerogel foamed concrete comprises the following steps:
(1) modifying aerogel powder;
(2) dry-mixing the aerogel powder obtained in the step (1) with a cementing material, and then adding water for wet mixing;
(3) mixing the wet mixed material obtained in the step (2) with a chemical foaming agent, and stirring;
(4) and (4) soaking the wet mixed material obtained in the step (3) on a fiber felt, and foaming.
In one embodiment, the step (1) comprises a hydrophobic modification step, the hydrophobic modification step is to perform hydrophobic modification on the aerogel powder in a closed hydrophobic modifier gas phase environment, and the hydrophobic modifier is one or more of trimethylchlorosilane, hexamethyldisilazane, hexamethyldisiloxane, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, gamma- (2, 3-glycidoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and N- (β -aminoethyl) -gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane.
In one embodiment, the step (1) further comprises a surface hydrophilic modification step; the surface hydrophilic modification is to modify the surface of the hydrophobic aerogel powder by adopting a surface hydrophilic modification solution; the surface hydrophilic modification solution is an aqueous solution of a surfactant and a low surface tension solvent or an aqueous solution of a low surface tension solvent; the surfactant is one or more of anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, amphoteric surfactant and nonionic surfactant; the anionic surfactant is one or more of fatty alcohol phosphate ester salt, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether phosphate ester salt, alkyl sulfate, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, glycerol fatty acid ester sulfate, sulfated ricinoleate, naphthene sulfate, fatty amide alkyl sulfate, alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl sulfonate, fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate sulfonate, fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate; the cationic surfactant is aliphatic ammonium salt; the amphoteric surfactant is one or more of alkyl amino acid, carboxylic betaine, sulfobetaine, phosphate betaine and alkyl amine oxide hydroxide; the nonionic surfactant is one or more of aliphatic polyester, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, high-carbon fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene, fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester, fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate, epoxy ethylene adduct of polypropylene glycol, sorbitan ester, sucrose fatty acid ester and alkyl ester amide; the low surface tension solvent is one or more of acetone, n-hexane, n-pentane, n-heptane, ethanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol, propylene glycol and glycerol.
In one embodiment, the step of modifying the surface by hydrophilicity further comprises the step of applying a physical field; the external physical field action step is one of far infrared radiation, stirring, ultrasonic treatment and ball milling.
In one embodiment, the step (1) further comprises a drying treatment step; the drying treatment step is one of far infrared drying, spray drying, microwave drying, normal pressure drying, supercritical drying, subcritical drying and freeze drying.
In one embodiment, one or more of phase change energy storage materials, lightweight aggregate, admixtures, fibers, flame retardants, wood flour and additives can be added in the step (2) and/or the step (3); the phase change energy storage material is one or more of inorganic water and salt, higher aliphatic hydrocarbon, polyalcohol and polyhydroxy carboxylic acid coated by microcapsules; the lightweight aggregate is one or more of slag, expanded vermiculite, expanded perlite, vitrified micro bubbles, light sand, polyurethane foam particles and polystyrene foam particles; the admixture is one or more of calcium-enriched fly ash, II-grade fly ash, silica fume, ground slag powder and phosphorus slag powder; the flame retardant is one or two of magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide; the additive is one or more of the surfactant, the water reducing agent, the water repellent, the coagulant, the retarder, the thickener, the foam stabilizer and the preservative; the water reducing agent is one or more of a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, a sodium lignosulfonate water reducing agent, a naphthalene water reducing agent, an aliphatic water reducing agent and an amino water reducing agent; the water repellent is one or more of a hard sulfonate water repellent and an organic silicon water repellent; the coagulant is one or more of sodium silicate, aluminum sulfate, sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate and lithium carbonate; the retarder is one or more of citric acid, sodium polyphosphate, bone glue protein and borax; the thickening agent is one or more of methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, bentonite, white carbon black and starch; the foam stabilizer is one or more of polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, silicone resin polyether emulsion, dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide and alkylolamide; the preservative is one or more of 1, 2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 1,3, 5-tris (2-hydroxyethyl) s-triazine and hexahydro-1, 3, 5-triethyl-triazine.
In one embodiment, the cementing material is one or more of portland cement, aluminate cement, sulphoaluminate cement, magnesium oxychloride cement, gypsum, lime, water glass, acrylic resin, polyurethane resin, epoxy resin, silicone resin and fluorocarbon resin.
In one embodiment, the chemical foaming agent is one or more of a hydrogen peroxide foaming agent, an ammonium bicarbonate foaming agent, an azodicarbonamide foaming agent, and an aluminum powder foaming agent.
The fiber felt reinforced aerogel foamed concrete has the heat conductivity coefficient of 0.03-0.09W/m.K and the compressive strength of 1.0-20.0 MPa, and can be widely applied to the fields of wall heat preservation, fire prevention, sound insulation and the like.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments in order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the invention more comprehensible. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as broadly as the present invention is capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the fiber felt reinforced aerogel foamed concrete comprises aerogel powder, foamed concrete and a fiber felt, wherein the aerogel powder comprises an internal hydrophobic layer and a surface hydrophilic layer, and the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer is 0.1-100 mu m.
Thus, the aerogel powder, the fiber felt and the foamed concrete are compounded, so that the aerogel powder is uniformly distributed in the fiber felt reinforced foamed concrete and the aerogel powder still keeps a nano porous structure; compared with the existing foaming concrete in the market, the fiber felt reinforced aerogel foaming concrete has more excellent mechanical property and heat preservation and insulation property, and can be widely applied to the fields of external walls, self-insulation walls, floor clapboards and the like of green buildings, buildings with ultralow energy consumption and near-zero energy consumption.
In this embodiment, the fiber mat is one or more of a glass fiber mat, a basalt fiber mat, an alumina fiber mat, a carbon fiber mat, a silicon carbide fiber mat, a lignin fiber mat, a polypropylene fiber mat, a polyvinyl alcohol fiber mat, and a polyvinyl chloride fiber mat.
Therefore, the aerogel foam concrete and the fiber mat are compounded, so that the bending resistance and the compression resistance of the foam concrete can be obviously improved, the aerogel foam concrete can be endowed with certain flexibility, and the drying shrinkage value of the aerogel foam concrete can be reduced.
A preparation method of fiber felt reinforced aerogel foamed concrete comprises the following steps:
(1) modifying aerogel powder;
(2) dry-mixing the aerogel powder obtained in the step (1) with a cementing material, and then adding water for wet mixing;
(3) mixing the wet mixed material obtained in the step (2) with a chemical foaming agent, and stirring;
(4) and (4) soaking the wet mixed material obtained in the step (3) on a fiber felt, and foaming.
In addition, the fiber felt can be subjected to treatment such as heating or silane coupling agent soaking before the step (4), so that the interface bonding strength between the fiber felt and the cementing material is improved, and the fiber felt is prevented from falling off from the foamed concrete; the soaking in the step (4) can be to soak the fiber mats in the wet mixture, or to uniformly fill the wet mixture in the step (3) in gaps among the fiber mats under the pressure or negative pressure condition, and the wet mixture is foamed in the fiber mats to obtain the fiber mat reinforced aerogel foamed concrete.
Therefore, the preparation method of the aerogel foamed concrete has the advantages of simple process, short process period, waste utilization, environmental protection and the like, and is suitable for industrial production.
In the embodiment, the step (1) comprises a hydrophobic modification step, wherein the hydrophobic modification step is to perform hydrophobic modification on the aerogel powder in a closed hydrophobic modifier gas-phase environment, and the hydrophobic modifier is one or more of trimethylchlorosilane, hexamethyldisilazane, hexamethyldisiloxane, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, gamma- (2, 3-glycidoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and N- (β -aminoethyl) -gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane.
Therefore, in the existing aerogel preparation method, the precursor, the replacement solvent and the drying process have great influence on the hydrophobicity of the aerogel, and if the contact angle of the surface of the aerogel and water is more than 90 degrees, the surface hydrophilic modification can be directly carried out without carrying out hydrophobic modification in advance; if the contact angle of the surface of the aerogel and water is less than 90 degrees, hydrophobic modification needs to be carried out in advance; the hydrophobic modification is carried out on the aerogel powder in an airtight hydrophobic modifier gas phase environment, the modification effect of the aerogel powder is obviously improved, the internal nano porous structure is not damaged when the subsequent hydrophilic modification is ensured, the modification efficiency and the production efficiency are also obviously improved, and the production cost is reduced.
In this embodiment, the step (1) further includes a surface hydrophilic modification step; the surface hydrophilic modification step is to modify the surface of the hydrophobic aerogel powder by adopting a surface hydrophilic modification solution; the surface hydrophilic modification solution is an aqueous solution of a surfactant and a low surface tension solvent or an aqueous solution of a low surface tension solvent; the surfactant is one or more of anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, amphoteric surfactant and nonionic surfactant; the anionic surfactant is one or more of fatty alcohol phosphate ester salt, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether phosphate ester salt, alkyl sulfate, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, glycerol fatty acid ester sulfate, sulfated ricinoleate, naphthene sulfate, fatty amide alkyl sulfate, alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl sulfonate, fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate sulfonate, fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate; the cationic surfactant is aliphatic ammonium salt; the amphoteric surfactant is one or more of alkyl amino acid, carboxylic betaine, sulfobetaine, phosphate betaine and alkyl amine oxide hydroxide; the nonionic surfactant is one or more of aliphatic polyester, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, high-carbon fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene, fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester, fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate, epoxy ethylene adduct of polypropylene glycol, sorbitan ester, sucrose fatty acid ester and alkyl ester amide; the low surface tension solvent is one or more of acetone, n-hexane, n-pentane, n-heptane, ethanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol, propylene glycol and glycerol.
Thus, the aqueous solution of the surfactant and the low surface tension solvent or the aqueous solution of the low surface tension solvent has a surface synergistic hydrophilic modification effect in the hydrophilic modification treatment process of the surface of the hydrophobic aerogel powder, can obviously improve the wetting and expanding rate of the surface hydrophilic modification solution on the surface of the aerogel powder, and simultaneously obviously slows down the wetting and expanding to the inside of the aerogel powder, can accurately realize the regulation and control of the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer of the aerogel powder by regulating and controlling the using amount of the modification solution, the low surface tension solvent not only has the surface synergistic hydrophilic modification effect with water and the surfactant, but also can greatly reduce the capillary force of the hydrophilic modification solution entering the nanopores on the surface layer of the aerogel powder, and the hydrophilic modification solution in the nanopores on the surface layer of the aerogel powder can be easily evaporated out through a drying process without damaging the nanoporous structure of the hydrophilic modification solution, the aerogel powder has the structural characteristics of internal hydrophobicity, surface hydrophilicity, and the surface hydrophilic layer still maintains a nano porous structure, and the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer is 0.1-100 mu m, and the aerogel powder is well combined with a cementing material through an interface; the process has the characteristics of simple steps, short period, high production efficiency and the like, and is suitable for industrial production.
In this embodiment, the step of modifying the surface with hydrophilicity further includes a step of applying a physical field; the external physical field action step is one of far infrared radiation, stirring, ultrasonic treatment and ball milling.
So, the activity that adds the physical field effect and can show the hydrophilic modified solution in improvement surface and with the contact probability of aerogel powder, reduce the surfactant quantity, improve the hydrophilic modified speed in surface of aerogel powder, reduce cost improves production efficiency.
In this embodiment, the step (1) further includes a drying step; the drying treatment step is one of far infrared drying, spray drying, microwave drying, normal pressure drying, supercritical drying, subcritical drying and freeze drying.
Thus, if the aerogel powder after hydrophilic modification is compounded with the cementing material, the interface combination is influenced by the residual hydrophilic modification solution on the surface layer, and the pre-drying treatment is needed; by utilizing the drying process, on the premise of ensuring that the nano-pore structure on the surface layer of the aerogel powder is not damaged, the residual surface hydrophilic modification solution in the nano-pores on the surface layer of the aerogel powder is evaporated, and the interface bonding strength between the aerogel powder and the cementing material is improved.
In this embodiment, one or more of a phase change energy storage material, a lightweight aggregate, an admixture, a fiber, a flame retardant, wood powder, and an additive may be further added in the step (2) and/or the step (3); the phase change energy storage material is one or more of inorganic water and salt, higher aliphatic hydrocarbon, polyalcohol and polyhydroxy carboxylic acid coated by microcapsules; the lightweight aggregate is one or more of slag, expanded vermiculite, expanded perlite, vitrified micro bubbles, light sand, polyurethane foam particles and polystyrene foam particles; the admixture is one or more of calcium-enriched fly ash, II-grade fly ash, silica fume, ground slag powder and phosphorus slag powder; the flame retardant is one or two of magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide; the additive is one or more of the surfactant, the water reducing agent, the water repellent, the coagulant, the retarder, the thickener, the foam stabilizer and the preservative; the water reducing agent is one or more of a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, a sodium lignosulfonate water reducing agent, a naphthalene water reducing agent, an aliphatic water reducing agent and an amino water reducing agent; the water repellent is one or more of a hard sulfonate water repellent and an organic silicon water repellent; the coagulant is one or more of sodium silicate, aluminum sulfate, sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate and lithium carbonate; the retarder is one or more of citric acid, sodium polyphosphate, bone glue protein and borax; the thickening agent is one or more of methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, bentonite, white carbon black and starch; the foam stabilizer is one or more of polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, silicone resin polyether emulsion, dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide and alkylolamide; the preservative is one or more of 1, 2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 1,3, 5-tris (2-hydroxyethyl) s-triazine and hexahydro-1, 3, 5-triethyl-triazine.
Therefore, the phase-change energy storage material can absorb or release a large amount of heat energy through phase change, so that the indoor temperature of a building is adjusted, the building comfort is improved, the energy is saved, and the freeze thawing resistance of the aerogel foamed concrete can be improved by adding the phase-change energy storage material; the lightweight aggregate has low density, high compressive strength and good thermal insulation performance, and the mechanical property and the thermal insulation performance of the aerogel foamed concrete can be improved without obviously increasing or reducing the density by adding the lightweight aggregate; the admixture can improve the workability and cohesiveness of the concrete, reduce the slump of the concrete, facilitate the uniform pore size distribution of the aerogel foam concrete and further improve the mechanical property and the heat insulation property of the aerogel foam concrete; moreover, the use of the admixture is beneficial to the use of industrial waste, the cost of the aerogel foamed concrete is reduced, and energy is saved and waste is utilized; the addition of the flame retardant can improve the fire-proof grade of the aerogel foam concrete, and the dehydration and endothermic reaction of the flame retardants such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide when encountering fire can prolong the temperature rise rate of the matrix; the strength between the aerogel foamed concrete and the anchoring part and between the aerogel foamed concrete; the addition of the surfactant can improve the wetting efficiency of the cementing material on the surfaces of fibers, lightweight aggregates and the like, so that the interface bonding strength between the cementing material and the fibers and between the cementing material and the lightweight aggregates is improved; the water reducing agent is added, so that the fluidity and the collapse degree of the concrete can be improved, the water consumption is reduced, and the mechanical property of the aerogel foamed concrete is improved; the water repellent is added, so that the water absorption rate of the aerogel foam concrete, particularly the aerogel foam concrete with a through hole structure, can be obviously reduced, and the freeze thawing resistance and the weather resistance of the aerogel foam concrete are improved; the setting accelerator is added to accelerate the curing rate of the cementing material, so that the initial setting time of the aerogel foamed concrete can be reduced, the pore diameter of the aerogel foamed concrete is reduced, the pore diameter distribution of the aerogel foamed concrete is uniform, and the mechanical property and the heat insulation property of the aerogel foamed concrete are improved; the setting rate of the cementing material can be slowed down by adding the retarder, and when gypsum is used, the setting time needs to be adjusted by adding the retarder because the setting rate of the gypsum is too high; the thickening agent is added, so that the viscosity of the concrete can be increased, the stability and the porosity of foam concrete cells are improved, the shape of the foam concrete cells of the aerogel is mostly regular spherical, and the mechanical property and the heat insulation property of the aerogel foam concrete are improved; the foam stabilizer is added to improve the stability and porosity of the foam pores of the aerogel foam concrete, so that the mechanical property and the heat insulation property of the aerogel foam concrete are improved; the preservative is added, so that the aerogel foamed concrete can be prevented from mildewing, and the service life and the durability of the aerogel foamed concrete are improved; the step (2) of the invention adopts a dry mixing-wet mixing two-step mixing process, solves the problem of layering caused by large specific gravity difference of the aerogel powder and the cementing material during mixing, realizes uniform mixing of the modified aerogel powder in concrete, reduces the influence of the aerogel powder on the foaming process, is beneficial to controlling the foaming quality and realizes low heat conductivity coefficient.
In this embodiment, the cementing material is one or more of portland cement, aluminate cement, sulphoaluminate cement, magnesium oxychloride cement, gypsum, lime, water glass, acrylic resin, polyurethane resin, epoxy resin, silicone resin, and fluorocarbon resin.
In this embodiment, the chemical foaming agent is one or more of a hydrogen peroxide foaming agent, an ammonium bicarbonate foaming agent, an azodicarbonamide foaming agent, and an aluminum powder foaming agent.
Therefore, the type of the foaming agent has great influence on the hole pattern, the pore size distribution, the water absorption and the heat preservation performance of the aerogel foamed concrete, and the invention uses one or more foaming agents to prepare the fibrofelt reinforced aerogel foamed concrete with excellent heat preservation, heat insulation, sound insulation and fire prevention performances.
The super heat insulation aerogel foam concrete has the heat conductivity coefficient of 0.03-0.09W/m.K and the compressive strength of 1.0-15.0 MPa, and can be widely applied to the fields of wall heat preservation, fire prevention, sound insulation and the like.
The following is a detailed description of the embodiments.
Example 1
The basalt fiber felt reinforced SiO is prepared by the following steps2Aerogel foam concrete:
(1) detection of SiO to be treated by contact Angle measuring apparatus2The contact angle of the surface of the aerogel powder and water is 55 degrees, and then the SiO with the particle size of 56 mu m is used2Placing the aerogel powder in a vacuum heating furnace, placing the weighed hexamethyldisilazane in the vacuum heating furnace by using a container, heating and gasifying, and carrying out hydrophobic modification for 1.5h to obtain hydrophobic SiO2Aerogel powder, detecting hydrophobic SiO with contact angle measuring instrument2The contact angle between the surface of the aerogel powder and water is 147 degrees;
(2) weighing ethanol, n-hexane and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:1:100 at room temperature, uniformly mixing, and preparing a surface hydrophilic modification solution;
(3) according to hydrophobic SiO2Weighing the surface modification solution according to the volume ratio of 1:3 of the aerogel powder to the surface hydrophilic modification solution, pouring the surface modification solution into a corresponding container, and adding the hydrophobic SiO obtained in the step (1)2Mixing the aerogel powder with the surface hydrophilic modification solution, performing ball milling treatment for 25min, taking out and filtering;
(4) SiO with the surface containing hydrophilic modification solution obtained in the step (3)2Placing aerogel powder in far infrared drying furnaceDrying at 120 deg.C for 0.5 hr, cooling to below 50 deg.C, taking out, and treating with SiO2The cross section of the aerogel powder is detected, and the detection result shows that the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer is 7.9 mu m;
(5) weighing the modified SiO prepared in the step (4) in sequence according to the mixture ratio2Dry mixing aerogel powder, 425 ordinary portland cement, redispersible latex powder, hydroxymethyl cellulose, a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and sodium sulfate to obtain a dry mixture;
(6) adding water into the dry mixture obtained in the step (5) for wet mixing to obtain a wet mixture;
(7) mixing the wet mixture obtained in the step (6) with an aluminum powder foaming agent, and mechanically stirring for 5 min; then under the air pressure of 1.5MPa, the wet material is soaked to 150 kg/m3Foaming the basalt fiber felt to obtain the basalt fiber felt reinforced SiO2Aerogel foam concrete, Table 1 shows basalt fiber felt reinforced SiO prepared in this example2And (4) performing standard curing on the aerogel foamed concrete for 28 d.
Table 1 basalt fiber mat reinforced SiO of example 12Performance index of aerogel foamed concrete
Example 2
The glass fiber felt reinforced SiO is prepared by the following steps2Aerogel foam concrete:
(1) detection of SiO to be treated by contact Angle measuring apparatus2The contact angle of the surface of the aerogel powder and water is 45 degrees, and then SiO with the particle size of 67 mu m is used2Placing the aerogel powder in a vacuum heating furnace, placing the weighed trimethylchlorosilane in the vacuum heating furnace by using a container, heating and gasifying, and performing hydrophobic modification for 1.5h to obtain hydrophobic SiO2Aerogel powder, detecting hydrophobic SiO with contact angle measuring instrument2The contact angle between the surface of the aerogel powder and water is 146 degrees;
(2) weighing fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, n-hexane and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1000 at room temperature, uniformly mixing, and preparing into a surface hydrophilic modification solution;
(3) according to hydrophobic SiO2Weighing the surface modification solution according to the volume ratio of 1:3 of the aerogel powder to the surface hydrophilic modification solution, pouring the surface modification solution into a corresponding container, and adding the hydrophobic SiO obtained in the step (1)2Placing aerogel powder into a container made of filter screen, soaking into the surface hydrophilic modification solution together, and taking out after 2 min;
(4) SiO with the surface containing hydrophilic modification solution obtained in the step (3)2Placing the aerogel powder in a blast drying oven, drying at 120 deg.C for 0.5 hr, cooling to below 50 deg.C with furnace, taking out, and mixing with SiO2The cross section of the aerogel powder is detected, and the detection result shows that the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer is 1.3 mu m;
(5) weighing the modified SiO prepared in the step (4) in sequence according to the mixture ratio2Dry mixing aerogel powder, 425 ordinary portland cement redispersible latex powder, hydroxyethyl cellulose, a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and sodium nitrate to obtain a dry mixture;
(6) adding water into the dry mixture obtained in the step (5) for wet mixing to obtain a wet mixture;
(7) mixing the wet mixture obtained in the step (6) with a hydrogen peroxide foaming agent, and mechanically stirring for 2 min;
(8) the volume weight is 180 kg/m3The glass fiber felt is soaked in a silane coupling agent KH550 for 10min, and then is dried for 1h in an air-blast drying oven at the temperature of 60 ℃;
(9) soaking the wet mixture obtained in the step (7) into gaps among the glass fiber mats obtained in the step (8) under a vacuum condition, and foaming to obtain the glass fiber mat reinforced SiO2Aerogel foam concrete, Table 2 shows the glass fiber mat reinforced SiO of this example2And (4) performing standard curing on the aerogel foamed concrete for 28 d.
Table 2 glass fiber mat reinforced SiO of example 22Performance index of aerogel foamed concrete
Example 3
The polypropylene fiber felt reinforced SiO is prepared by the following steps2Aerogel foam concrete:
(1) SiO with particle size of 77 μm to be treated was detected by using a contact angle measuring instrument2The contact angle between the surface of the aerogel powder and water is 140 degrees according to the detection result, and then the SiO is obtained2The aerogel powder has hydrophobicity;
(2) weighing n-hexane, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:4:10 at room temperature, uniformly mixing, and preparing into a surface hydrophilic modification solution;
(3) according to hydrophobic SiO2Weighing the surface modification solution according to the volume ratio of 1:3 of the aerogel powder to the surface hydrophilic modification solution, pouring the surface modification solution into a corresponding container, and adding the hydrophobic SiO obtained in the step (1)2Placing aerogel powder into a container made of filter screen, soaking into the surface hydrophilic modification solution together, and taking out after 1 min;
(4) SiO with the surface containing hydrophilic modification solution obtained in the step (3)2Placing the aerogel powder in far infrared drying furnace, drying at 120 deg.C for 0.5 hr, cooling to below 50 deg.C, taking out, breaking, and mixing with SiO2The cross section of the aerogel powder is detected, and the detection result shows that the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer is 99.7 mu m;
(5) weighing the modified SiO prepared in the step (4) in sequence according to the mixture ratio2Dry mixing aerogel powder, 425 ordinary portland cement, redispersible latex powder, starch, a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and aluminum sulfate to obtain a dry mixture;
(6) adding water into the dry mixture obtained in the step (5) for wet mixing to obtain a wet mixture;
(7) mixing the wet mixture obtained in the step (6) with an ammonium bicarbonate foaming agent, mechanically stirring for 2min, and then mixing 100kg/m3Soaking the polypropylene fiber felt in the wet mixture for 15min, and foaming to obtain the polypropylene fiber felt reinforced SiO2Aerogel foam concrete, Table 3 shows the reinforced SiO of the polypropylene fiber felt prepared in this example2And (4) performing standard curing on the aerogel foamed concrete for 28 d.
Table 3 polypropylene fiber mat reinforced SiO of example 32Performance index of aerogel foamed concrete
Example 4
The glass fiber felt reinforced SiO is prepared by the following steps2Aerogel foam concrete:
(1) detection of SiO to be treated having a particle size of 75 μm by means of a contact angle measuring apparatus2The contact angle between the surface of the aerogel powder and water is 141 degrees as a detection result, and then the SiO is obtained2The aerogel powder has hydrophobicity;
(2) weighing n-hexane, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:0.5:1000 at room temperature, uniformly mixing, and preparing into a surface hydrophilic modification solution;
(3) according to hydrophobic SiO2Weighing the surface modification solution according to the volume ratio of 1:3 of the aerogel powder to the surface hydrophilic modification solution, pouring the surface modification solution into a corresponding container, and adding the hydrophobic SiO obtained in the step (1)2Placing aerogel powder into a container made of filter screen, soaking into the surface hydrophilic modification solution together, and taking out after 1 min;
(4) SiO with the surface containing hydrophilic modification solution obtained in the step (3)2Placing the aerogel board in a far infrared drying furnace, drying at 120 deg.C for 0.5 hr, cooling to below 50 deg.C, taking out, and drying to obtain SiO2The cross section of the aerogel powder is detected, and the detection result shows that the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer is 0.1 mu m;
(5) weighing the modified SiO prepared in the step (4) in sequence according to the mixture ratio2Aerogel powder, 425 ordinary portland cement, vitrified micro-beads, redispersible latex powder,Mixing hydroxymethyl cellulose, a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, sodium sulfate and an organic silicon water repellent by a dry method to obtain a dry mixture;
(6) adding water into the dry mixture obtained in the step (5) for wet mixing to obtain a wet mixture;
(7) mixing the wet mixture obtained in the step (6) with a hydrogen peroxide foaming agent, and mechanically stirring for 2 min;
(8) the volume weight is 180 kg/m3The glass fiber felt is soaked in a silane coupling agent KH550 for 10min, and then is dried for 1h in an air-blast drying oven at the temperature of 60 ℃;
(9) under the vacuum condition, the SiO obtained in the step (7)2Soaking the aerogel foamed concrete wet material into the gaps among the glass fiber mats obtained in the step (8), and foaming to obtain the glass fiber mat reinforced SiO2Aerogel foam concrete. Table 4 shows the SiO content of the glass fiber mat prepared in this example2And (4) performing standard curing on the aerogel foamed concrete for 28 d.
Table 4 glass fiber mat reinforced SiO of example 42Performance index of aerogel foamed concrete
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A preparation method of fiber felt reinforced aerogel foamed concrete adopts the following steps to prepare basalt fiber felt reinforced SiO2Aerogel foam concrete:
(1) detection of SiO to be treated by contact Angle measuring apparatus2The contact angle of the surface of the aerogel powder and water is 55 degrees according to the detection result, and then the particle size is 56 degreesSiO of μm2Placing the aerogel powder in a vacuum heating furnace, placing the weighed hexamethyldisilazane in the vacuum heating furnace by using a container, heating and gasifying, and carrying out hydrophobic modification for 1.5h to obtain hydrophobic SiO2Aerogel powder, detecting hydrophobic SiO with contact angle measuring instrument2The contact angle between the surface of the aerogel powder and water is 147 degrees;
(2) weighing ethanol, n-hexane and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:1:100 at room temperature, uniformly mixing, and preparing a surface hydrophilic modification solution;
(3) according to hydrophobic SiO2Weighing the surface hydrophilic modification solution according to the volume ratio of aerogel powder to the surface hydrophilic modification solution of 1:3, pouring the surface hydrophilic modification solution into a corresponding container, and adding the hydrophobic SiO obtained in the step (1)2Mixing the aerogel powder with the surface hydrophilic modification solution, performing ball milling treatment for 25min, taking out and filtering;
(4) SiO with the surface containing hydrophilic modification solution obtained in the step (3)2Placing the aerogel powder in far infrared drying furnace, drying at 120 deg.C for 0.5 hr, cooling to below 50 deg.C, taking out, and mixing with SiO2The cross section of the aerogel powder is detected, and the detection result shows that the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer is 7.9 mu m;
(5) weighing the modified SiO prepared in the step (4) in sequence according to the mixture ratio2Dry mixing aerogel powder, 425 ordinary portland cement, redispersible latex powder, hydroxymethyl cellulose, a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and sodium sulfate to obtain a dry mixture;
(6) adding water into the dry mixture obtained in the step (5) for wet mixing to obtain a wet mixture;
(7) mixing the wet mixture obtained in the step (6) with an aluminum powder foaming agent, and mechanically stirring for 5 min; then under the air pressure of 1.5MPa, the wet material is soaked to 150 kg/m3Foaming the basalt fiber felt to obtain the basalt fiber felt reinforced SiO2Aerogel foam concrete.
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| CN109987960A (en) * | 2017-12-30 | 2019-07-09 | 卢锋 | A kind of aerogel composite and preparation method thereof |
| CN111535019A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-08-14 | 浙江岩谷科技有限公司 | Preparation method of hydrophobic glass fiber felt-silica aerogel heat insulation composite material |
| CN111673941A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-09-18 | 江西富上美科技有限公司 | Plastic master batch preparation process |
| CN112030545A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-04 | 经纺环境科技(北京)有限公司 | Heat-insulating felt and manufacturing method and production equipment thereof |
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| CN113563018A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-10-29 | 四川谦宜复合材料有限公司 | Basalt fiber wet felt facing material and preparation method thereof |
| CN114957783B (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2023-09-19 | 陕西科技大学 | Inorganic fiber composite foam material and preparation method thereof |
| PL442375A1 (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2024-04-02 | Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny W Siedlcach | Concrete with high tensile strength |
| CN116143486B (en) * | 2023-04-17 | 2023-08-22 | 柯灵爱尔(北京)环境技术中心 | Aerogel thermal insulation gypsum material and preparation method thereof |
| CN117049848B (en) * | 2023-10-13 | 2023-12-22 | 潍坊建工混凝土有限公司 | Preparation method of pervious concrete |
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