CN107265965B - Aerogel foam concrete building block and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aerogel foam concrete building block and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107265965B CN107265965B CN201610214838.XA CN201610214838A CN107265965B CN 107265965 B CN107265965 B CN 107265965B CN 201610214838 A CN201610214838 A CN 201610214838A CN 107265965 B CN107265965 B CN 107265965B
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- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
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- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
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- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
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- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
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- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/30—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Other silicon-containing organic compounds; Boron-organic compounds
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- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
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- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
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- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
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- C04B28/30—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing magnesium cements or similar cements
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- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/10—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by using foaming agents or by using mechanical means, e.g. adding preformed foam
- C04B38/106—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by using foaming agents or by using mechanical means, e.g. adding preformed foam by adding preformed foams
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- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
- E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
- E04C1/41—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts composed of insulating material and load-bearing concrete, stone or stone-like material
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aerogel foam concrete building block. The aerogel foam concrete is characterized by being prepared from aerogel foam concrete, wherein the aerogel foam concrete is composed of aerogel powder and foam concrete, the aerogel powder is composed of an internal hydrophobic layer and a surface hydrophilic layer, and the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer is 0.1-100 microns. The preparation method of the aerogel foam concrete block comprises the following steps: (1) modifying aerogel powder; (2) dry-mixing the aerogel powder obtained in the step (1) with a cementing material, and then adding water for wet mixing; (3) mixing the wet mixed material obtained in the step (2) with a foaming agent, and stirring; (4) and (4) forming the wet mixed material obtained in the step (3). The thermal insulation wall built by the aerogel foam concrete blocks disclosed by the invention has more excellent tensile stress performance, crack resistance and leakage resistance, and can be widely applied to the fields of external walls, self-thermal insulation walls and the like of green buildings, buildings with ultralow energy consumption and near-zero energy consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a building material, in particular to an aerogel foam concrete block and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the progress of society, the problems of energy crisis, environmental deterioration, and the like become more serious. In 2006, the concept of energy conservation and emission reduction is proposed for the first time in the eleventh five-year planning outline of national economy and social development, and the constraint index that the total energy consumption of domestic production in a unit is reduced by about 20% and the total emission of main pollutants is reduced by 10% in a 'eleventh five-year' period (2006 + 2010) is proposed. Energy conservation and emission reduction are promoted, and the building energy consumption accounts for 33 percent in the domestic total production energy consumption, so that the building energy conservation is the important factor of energy conservation and emission reduction. According to statistics, the heat loss of the wall structure is relatively highest, and heat preservation and insulation measures are taken for the wall body, which is a key step of building energy conservation.
At present, most of wall heat insulation measures are heat insulation systems outside an outer wall, construction procedures are multiple, most of common outer wall heat insulation materials are organic combustible materials, such as foamed polyurethane and foamed polystyrene (EPS and XPS), the service life of the materials cannot be the same as that of a building, and potential safety hazards such as falling and flammability exist. Therefore, the aerogel foam concrete building block can occupy a place in the field of wall heat preservation.
The foam concrete has the advantages of high strength, low cost and the like. Researches show that the heat-insulating property and the mechanical property of the foam concrete are mutually restricted, and the key problem of restricting the use of the foam concrete is how to greatly improve the heat-insulating property of the foam concrete on the premise of ensuring the compressive strength.
The aerogel is a light inorganic solid material with a three-dimensional network framework structure and nano-scale holes, has extremely high porosity and specific surface area, extremely low density and solid content, chemical inertness and incombustibility, shows excellent characteristics of light weight, heat preservation, heat insulation, fire prevention, sound insulation, shock absorption, energy absorption and the like, and has a heat conductivity coefficient as low as 0.013W/m.K. It is presumed that aerogel has the ability to greatly improve the heat insulating properties of foam concrete.
The building blocks for the building commonly adopt rectangular hexahedron blocks, the left and right adjacent blocks can only be bonded by mortar in vertical joints, the mortar in the vertical joints is easy to run off, the bonding strength is influenced, and the performances of the wall body such as leakage resistance, tensile stress and the like are further reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides an aerogel foam concrete block and a preparation method thereof.
The aerogel foam concrete block is prepared from aerogel foam concrete, wherein the aerogel foam concrete is composed of aerogel powder and foam concrete, the aerogel powder is composed of an inner hydrophobic layer and a surface hydrophilic layer, and the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer is 0.1-100 mu m.
In one embodiment, the left side and the right side of the aerogel foam concrete block are symmetrically provided with a dovetail joint and a dovetail groove.
In one embodiment, the angle of inclination of the dovetail head and the dovetail groove is 0-90 degrees.
A preparation method of an aerogel foam concrete building block comprises the following steps:
(1) modifying aerogel powder;
(2) dry-mixing the aerogel powder obtained in the step (1) with a cementing material, and then adding water for wet mixing;
(3) mixing the wet mixed material obtained in the step (2) with a foaming agent, and stirring;
(4) and (4) forming the wet mixed material obtained in the step (3).
In one embodiment, the step (1) comprises a hydrophobic modification step, the hydrophobic modification step is to perform hydrophobic modification on the aerogel powder in a closed hydrophobic modifier gas phase environment, and the hydrophobic modifier is one or more of trimethylchlorosilane, hexamethyldisilazane, hexamethyldisiloxane, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, gamma- (2, 3-glycidoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and N- (β -aminoethyl) -gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane.
In one embodiment, the step (1) further comprises a surface hydrophilic modification step; the surface hydrophilic modification is to modify the surface of the hydrophobic aerogel powder by adopting a surface hydrophilic modification solution; the surface hydrophilic modification solution is an aqueous solution of a surfactant and a low surface tension solvent or an aqueous solution of a low surface tension solvent; the surfactant is one or more of anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, amphoteric surfactant and nonionic surfactant; the anionic surfactant is one or more of fatty alcohol phosphate ester salt, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether phosphate ester salt, alkyl sulfate, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, glycerol fatty acid ester sulfate, sulfated ricinoleate, naphthene sulfate, fatty amide alkyl sulfate, alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl sulfonate, fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate sulfonate, fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate; the cationic surfactant is aliphatic ammonium salt; the amphoteric surfactant is one or more of alkyl amino acid, carboxylic betaine, sulfobetaine, phosphate betaine and alkyl amine oxide hydroxide; the nonionic surfactant is one or more of aliphatic polyester, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, high-carbon fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene, fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester, fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate, epoxy ethylene adduct of polypropylene glycol, sorbitan ester, sucrose fatty acid ester and alkyl ester amide; the low surface tension solvent is one or a mixture of acetone, n-hexane, n-pentane, n-heptane, ethanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol, propylene glycol and glycerol; the step of surface hydrophilic modification also comprises the step of action of an external physical field; the external physical field action step is one of far infrared radiation, stirring, ultrasonic treatment and ball milling.
In one embodiment, the step (1) further comprises a drying treatment step; the drying treatment step is one of far infrared drying, spray drying, microwave drying, normal pressure drying, supercritical drying, subcritical drying and freeze drying.
In one embodiment, one or more of phase change energy storage materials, lightweight aggregate, admixtures, fibers, flame retardants, wood flour and additives can be added in the step (2) and/or the step (3); the phase change energy storage material is one or more of inorganic water and salt, higher aliphatic hydrocarbon, polyalcohol and polyhydroxy carboxylic acid coated by microcapsules; the lightweight aggregate is one or more of ceramsite, slag, expanded vermiculite, volcanic rock, expanded perlite, vitrified micro bubbles, light sand, polyurethane foam particles and polystyrene foam particles; the admixture is one or more of calcium-enriched fly ash, II-grade fly ash, silica fume, ground slag powder and phosphorus slag powder; the fiber is one or more of polystyrene fiber, polypropylene fiber, lignin fiber, alkali-resistant glass fiber and steel fiber; the flame retardant is one or two of magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide; the additive is one or more of the surfactant, the water reducing agent, the water repellent, the coagulant, the retarder, the thickener, the foam stabilizer and the preservative; the water reducing agent is one or more of a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, a sodium lignosulfonate water reducing agent, a naphthalene water reducing agent, an aliphatic water reducing agent and an amino water reducing agent; the water repellent is one or more of a hard sulfonate water repellent and an organic silicon water repellent; the coagulant is one or more of sodium silicate, aluminum sulfate, sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate and lithium carbonate; the retarder is one or more of citric acid, sodium polyphosphate, bone glue protein and borax; the thickening agent is one or more of methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, bentonite, white carbon black and starch; the foam stabilizer is one or more of polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, silicone resin polyether emulsion, dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide and alkylolamide; the preservative is one or more of 1, 2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 1,3, 5-tris (2-hydroxyethyl) s-triazine and hexahydro-1, 3, 5-triethyl-triazine.
In one embodiment, the cementing material is one or more of portland cement, aluminate cement, sulphoaluminate cement, magnesium oxychloride cement, gypsum, lime, water glass, acrylic resin, polyurethane resin, epoxy resin, organic silicon resin and fluorocarbon resin; the foaming agent is one or more of rosin foaming agent, synthetic surfactant foaming agent, vegetable protein foaming agent, animal protein foaming agent, hydrogen peroxide foaming agent, ammonium bicarbonate foaming agent, azodicarbonamide foaming agent and aluminum powder foaming agent.
In one embodiment, the molding is cast molding and/or cut molding.
The aerogel foam concrete block has the heat conductivity coefficient of 0.03-0.09W/m.K and the compressive strength of 3.0-15.0 MPa, has more excellent tensile stress performance, crack resistance and leakage resistance, and can be widely applied to the fields of external walls, self-insulation walls and the like of green buildings, buildings with ultralow energy consumption and near-zero energy consumption.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an aerogel foam concrete block of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an aerogel foam concrete block of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an aerogel foam concrete block of the present invention.
Wherein 1 is a dovetail tenon, 2 is a dovetail groove, and 3 is an aerogel foam concrete block.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as broadly as the present invention is capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the aerogel foam concrete block is prepared from aerogel foam concrete, wherein the aerogel foam concrete is composed of aerogel powder and foam concrete, the aerogel powder is composed of an inner hydrophobic layer and a surface hydrophilic layer, and the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer is 0.1-100 mu m.
Thus, the aerogel powder is compounded with the foam concrete, so that the aerogel powder is uniformly distributed in the foam concrete and still keeps a nano porous structure; compared with the existing foam concrete in the market, the aerogel foam concrete provided by the invention has the advantage that the heat insulation performance is obviously improved on the premise of not reducing the mechanical property.
In the embodiment, the left side and the right side of the aerogel foam concrete block are symmetrically provided with a dovetail tenon 1 and a dovetail mortise 2.
Thus, compared with rectangular blocks, the aerogel foam concrete blocks have higher bonding strength and shear strength.
In this embodiment, the angle of inclination of the dovetail 1 and the dovetail groove 2 is 0 to 90 °.
Thus, the dovetail and the dovetail groove of the invention satisfy the following side length relationship: a > b > c > d, f > e, the forked tail tenon can be placed in the forked tail tongue groove to can regulate and control the interval of forked tail tenon and forked tail tongue groove, block air convection heat transfer, improve the brickwork heat-proof quality. The left side and the right side of the aerogel foam concrete building block are symmetrically provided with the dovetail tenon and the dovetail groove, when the masonry is under tension, the bonding strength and the anti-shearing strength of the building block and mortar are obviously higher than those of the building block with the rectangular bulges and the rectangular grooves, and the anti-seepage performance is also obviously improved.
A preparation method of an aerogel foam concrete building block comprises the following steps:
(1) modifying aerogel powder;
(2) dry-mixing the aerogel powder obtained in the step (1) with a cementing material, and then adding water for wet mixing;
(3) mixing the wet mixed material obtained in the step (2) with a foaming agent, and stirring;
(4) and (4) forming the aerogel foam concrete obtained in the step (3).
In addition, aerogel powder with the particle size of 1-10000 μm is suitable for the invention.
In addition, in the step (2) of the invention, the gel material can be dry-mixed, then water is added for wet mixing, and the aerogel powder obtained in the step (1) is added during wet mixing.
Therefore, the preparation method of the aerogel foam concrete block has the advantages of simple process, short process period, waste utilization, environmental protection and the like, and is very suitable for industrial production.
In the embodiment, the step (1) comprises a hydrophobic modification step, wherein the hydrophobic modification step is to perform hydrophobic modification on the aerogel powder in a closed hydrophobic modifier gas-phase environment, and the hydrophobic modifier is one or more of trimethylchlorosilane, hexamethyldisilazane, hexamethyldisiloxane, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, gamma- (2, 3-glycidoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and N- (β -aminoethyl) -gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane.
Therefore, in the existing aerogel preparation method, the precursor, the replacement solvent and the drying process have great influence on the hydrophobicity of the aerogel, and if the contact angle of the surface of the aerogel and water is more than 90 degrees, the surface hydrophilic modification can be directly carried out without carrying out hydrophobic modification in advance; if the contact angle of the surface of the aerogel and water is less than 90 degrees, hydrophobic modification needs to be carried out in advance; the hydrophobic modification is carried out on the aerogel powder in an airtight hydrophobic modifier gas phase environment, the modification effect of the aerogel powder is obviously improved, the internal nano porous structure is not damaged when the subsequent hydrophilic modification is ensured, the modification efficiency and the production efficiency are also obviously improved, and the production cost is reduced.
In this embodiment, the step (1) further includes a surface hydrophilic modification step; the surface hydrophilic modification step is to modify the surface of the hydrophobic aerogel powder by adopting a surface hydrophilic modification solution; the surface hydrophilic modification solution is an aqueous solution of a surfactant and a low surface tension solvent or an aqueous solution of a low surface tension solvent; the surfactant is one or more of anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, amphoteric surfactant and nonionic surfactant; the anionic surfactant is one or more of fatty alcohol phosphate ester salt, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether phosphate ester salt, alkyl sulfate, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, glycerol fatty acid ester sulfate, sulfated ricinoleate, naphthene sulfate, fatty amide alkyl sulfate, alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl sulfonate, fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate sulfonate, fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate; the cationic surfactant is aliphatic ammonium salt; the amphoteric surfactant is one or more of alkyl amino acid, carboxylic betaine, sulfobetaine, phosphate betaine and alkyl amine oxide hydroxide; the nonionic surfactant is one or more of aliphatic polyester, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, high-carbon fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene, fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester, fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate, epoxy ethylene adduct of polypropylene glycol, sorbitan ester, sucrose fatty acid ester and alkyl ester amide; the low surface tension solvent is one or more of acetone, n-hexane, n-pentane, n-heptane, ethanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol, propylene glycol and glycerol; the step of surface hydrophilic modification also comprises the step of action of an external physical field; the external physical field action step is one of far infrared radiation, stirring, ultrasonic treatment and ball milling.
Thus, the aqueous solution of the surfactant and the low surface tension solvent or the aqueous solution of the low surface tension solvent has a surface synergistic hydrophilic modification effect in the hydrophilic modification treatment process of the surface of the hydrophobic aerogel powder, can obviously improve the wetting and expanding rate of the surface hydrophilic modification solution on the surface of the aerogel powder, and simultaneously obviously slows down the wetting and expanding to the inside of the aerogel powder, can accurately realize the regulation and control of the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer of the aerogel powder by regulating and controlling the using amount of the modification solution, the low surface tension solvent not only has the surface synergistic hydrophilic modification effect with water and the surfactant, but also can greatly reduce the capillary force of the hydrophilic modification solution entering the nanopores on the surface layer of the aerogel powder, and the hydrophilic modification solution in the nanopores on the surface layer of the aerogel powder can be easily evaporated out through a drying process without damaging the nanoporous structure of the hydrophilic modification solution, the aerogel powder has the structural characteristics of internal hydrophobicity, surface hydrophilicity and the surface hydrophilic layer still maintaining a nano porous structure, and the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer is 0.1-100 mu m, and the aerogel powder is well combined with a cementing material through an interface; the external physical field effect can obviously improve the activity of the surface hydrophilic modification solution and the contact probability with the aerogel powder, reduce the dosage of the surfactant, improve the surface hydrophilic modification rate of the aerogel powder, reduce the cost and improve the production efficiency.
In this embodiment, the step (1) further includes a drying step; the drying treatment step is one of far infrared drying, spray drying, microwave drying, normal pressure drying, supercritical drying, subcritical drying and freeze drying.
Thus, if the aerogel powder after hydrophilic modification is compounded with the cementing material, the interface combination is influenced by the residual hydrophilic modification solution on the surface layer, and the pre-drying treatment is needed; by utilizing the drying process, on the premise of ensuring that the nano-pore structure on the surface layer of the aerogel powder is not damaged, the residual surface hydrophilic modification solution in the nano-pores on the surface layer of the aerogel powder is evaporated, and the interface bonding strength between the aerogel powder and the cementing material is improved.
In this embodiment, one or more of a phase change energy storage material, a lightweight aggregate, an admixture, a fiber, a flame retardant, wood powder, and an additive may be further added in the step (2) and/or the step (3); the phase change energy storage material is one or more of inorganic water and salt, higher aliphatic hydrocarbon, polyalcohol and polyhydroxy carboxylic acid coated by microcapsules; the lightweight aggregate is one or more of ceramsite, slag, expanded vermiculite, volcanic rock, expanded perlite, vitrified micro bubbles, light sand, polyurethane foam particles and polystyrene foam particles; the admixture is one or more of calcium-enriched fly ash, II-grade fly ash, silica fume, ground slag powder and phosphorus slag powder; the fiber is one or more of polystyrene fiber, polypropylene fiber, lignin fiber, alkali-resistant glass fiber and steel fiber; the flame retardant is one or two of magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide; the additive is one or more of the surfactant, the water reducing agent, the water repellent, the coagulant, the retarder, the thickener, the foam stabilizer and the preservative; the water reducing agent is one or more of a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, a sodium lignosulfonate water reducing agent, a naphthalene water reducing agent, an aliphatic water reducing agent and an amino water reducing agent; the water repellent is one or more of a hard sulfonate water repellent and an organic silicon water repellent; the coagulant is one or more of sodium silicate, aluminum sulfate, sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate and lithium carbonate; the retarder is one or more of citric acid, sodium polyphosphate, bone glue protein and borax; the thickening agent is one or more of methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, bentonite, white carbon black and starch; the foam stabilizer is one or more of polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, silicone resin polyether emulsion, dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide and alkylolamide; the preservative is one or more of 1, 2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 1,3, 5-tris (2-hydroxyethyl) s-triazine and hexahydro-1, 3, 5-triethyl-triazine.
Therefore, the phase-change energy storage material can absorb or release a large amount of heat energy through phase change and has an energy storage effect, the aerogel foam concrete provided by the invention is used for building walls, the indoor temperature of a building can be adjusted, the building comfort level is improved, the energy is saved, and the freeze-thaw resistance of the aerogel foam concrete provided by the invention can be improved by adding the phase-change energy storage material; the lightweight aggregate has low density, high compressive strength and good thermal insulation performance, and the mechanical property and the thermal insulation performance of the aerogel foam concrete can be improved without obviously increasing or reducing the density by adding the lightweight aggregate; the admixture can improve the workability and cohesiveness of the concrete, reduce the slump of the concrete, facilitate the uniform pore size distribution of the aerogel foam concrete and further improve the mechanical property and the heat insulation property of the aerogel foam concrete; moreover, the use of the admixture is beneficial to the use of industrial waste, the cost of the aerogel foam concrete is reduced, and energy is saved and waste is utilized; the added fiber can improve the mechanical properties of the aerogel foam concrete such as bending resistance and the like; the fire retardant is added to improve the fire-proof grade of the aerogel foam concrete, and because the fire retardants such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide undergo dehydration and endothermic reaction when encountering fire, the rate of temperature rise of the matrix is prolonged; the strength between the aerogel foam concrete and the anchoring piece and between the aerogel foam concrete and the anchoring screw can be improved by adding wood powder; the addition of the surfactant can improve the wetting efficiency of the cementing material on the surfaces of fibers, lightweight aggregates and the like, so that the interface bonding strength between the cementing material and the fibers and between the cementing material and the lightweight aggregates is improved; the water reducing agent is added, so that the fluidity and the collapse degree of the concrete can be improved, the water consumption is reduced, and the mechanical property of the aerogel foam concrete is improved; the water repellent is added, so that the water absorption rate of the aerogel foam concrete, particularly the aerogel foam concrete with a through hole structure, can be obviously reduced, and the freeze-thaw resistance and the weather resistance of the aerogel foam concrete are improved; the setting accelerator is added to accelerate the curing rate of the cementing material, so that the initial setting time of the aerogel foam concrete can be reduced, the pore diameter of the aerogel foam concrete is uniformly distributed, and the mechanical property and the heat insulation property of the aerogel foam concrete are improved; the setting rate of the cementing material can be slowed down by adding the retarder, and when gypsum is used, the setting time needs to be adjusted by adding the retarder because the setting rate of the gypsum is too high; the thickening agent is added, so that the viscosity of the concrete can be increased, the stability and the porosity of foam concrete cells are improved, the shape of the foam concrete cells of the aerogel is mostly regular spherical, and the mechanical property and the heat insulation property of the aerogel foam concrete are improved; the foam stabilizer is added, so that the stability and porosity of the foam pores of the aerogel foam concrete can be improved, and the mechanical property and the heat insulation property of the aerogel foam concrete are further improved; the addition of the preservative can prevent the aerogel foam concrete from mildewing, and improve the service life and the durability of the aerogel foam concrete; the invention adopts a dry mixing-wet mixing two-step mixing process, solves the problem of layering caused by large specific gravity difference of the aerogel powder and other materials when mixing, realizes uniform mixing of the modified aerogel powder in concrete, reduces the influence of the aerogel powder on the foaming process, is beneficial to controlling the foaming quality and realizes low heat conductivity coefficient.
In this embodiment, the cementing material is one or more of portland cement, aluminate cement, sulphoaluminate cement, magnesium oxychloride cement, gypsum, lime, water glass, acrylic resin, polyurethane resin, epoxy resin, silicone resin, and fluorocarbon resin; the foaming agent is one or more of rosin foaming agent, synthetic surfactant foaming agent, vegetable protein foaming agent, animal protein foaming agent, hydrogen peroxide foaming agent, ammonium bicarbonate foaming agent, azodicarbonamide foaming agent and aluminum powder foaming agent.
Therefore, the type of the foaming agent has great influence on the hole pattern, the pore size distribution, the water absorption rate and the heat preservation performance of the aerogel foam concrete, the aerogel foam concrete can be prepared in a physical foaming mode, the aerogel foam concrete can also be prepared in a chemical foaming mode, and the aerogel foam concrete or the foamed concrete prepared by the method has excellent heat preservation, heat insulation, sound insulation and fire resistance.
In this embodiment, the molding is casting molding and/or cutting molding.
Therefore, the invention not only can prepare the aerogel foam concrete block by pouring and forming by utilizing a mold with a dovetail tenon and a dovetail groove prepared in advance, but also can cut the aerogel foam concrete block at the later stage to prepare the aerogel foam concrete block with the dovetail tenon and the dovetail groove.
The aerogel foam concrete block has the heat conductivity coefficient of 0.03-0.09W/m.K and the compressive strength of 3.0-15.0 MPa, has more excellent tensile stress performance, crack resistance and leakage resistance, and can be widely applied to the fields of external walls, self-insulation walls and the like of green buildings, buildings with ultralow energy consumption and near-zero energy consumption.
The following is a detailed description of the embodiments.
Example 1
SiO is prepared by the following steps2Aerogel foam concrete block:
(1) detection of SiO to be treated by contact Angle measuring apparatus2The contact angle between the surface of the aerogel powder and water is 31 degrees, and then SiO with the grain diameter of 88 mu m is detected2Placing the aerogel powder in a vacuum heating furnace, placing the weighed trimethylchlorosilane in the vacuum heating furnace by using a container, heating and gasifying, and performing hydrophobic modification for 1.5h to obtain hydrophobic SiO2Aerogel powder, detecting hydrophobicity with contact angle measuring instrumentSiO2The contact angle between the surface of the aerogel powder and water is 150 degrees;
(2) weighing n-hexane, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:0.5:1000 at room temperature, uniformly mixing, and preparing into a surface hydrophilic modification solution;
(3) according to hydrophobic SiO2Weighing the surface modification solution according to the volume ratio of 1:3 of the aerogel powder to the surface hydrophilic modification solution, pouring the surface modification solution into a corresponding container, and adding the hydrophobic SiO obtained in the step (1)2Placing aerogel powder into a container made of filter screen, soaking into the surface hydrophilic modification solution together, and taking out after 1 min;
(4) SiO with the surface containing hydrophilic modification solution obtained in the step (3)2Placing the aerogel board in a far infrared drying furnace, drying at 120 deg.C for 0.5 hr, cooling to below 50 deg.C, taking out, and drying to obtain SiO2The cross section of the aerogel powder is detected, and the detection result shows that the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer is 0.1 mu m;
(5) weighing the modified SiO prepared in the step (4) in sequence according to the mixture ratio2Dry mixing aerogel powder, 425 ordinary portland cement, ceramsite, redispersible latex powder, hydroxymethyl cellulose, polycarboxylic acid water reducer and sodium sulfate to obtain a dry mixture;
(6) adding water into the dry mixture obtained in the step (5) for wet mixing to obtain a wet mixture;
(7) foaming the aqueous solution containing the animal protein foaming agent by using a foaming machine, wherein the volume ratio of the animal protein foaming agent to water is 1:20, and preparing a foam;
(8) mixing the wet mixture obtained in the step (6) with the foam, and mechanically stirring for 1min to obtain SiO2Aerogel foam concrete;
(9) pouring the wet material obtained in the step (8) into a die with a dovetail tenon and a dovetail groove, sealing, and demoulding after 24 hours;
(10) sealing the plastic film, and naturally curing at 20 deg.C and 95% RH humidity for 28 days to obtain SiO2Aerogel foam concrete block. TABLE 1 showsSiO produced in this example2Performance indexes of the aerogel foam concrete building block.
TABLE 1 SiO2Performance index of aerogel foam concrete building block
Example 2
SiO is prepared by the following steps2Aerogel foam concrete block:
(1) detection of SiO to be treated by contact Angle measuring apparatus2The contact angle of the surface of the aerogel powder and water is 45 degrees, and then SiO with the grain diameter of 89 mu m is used2Placing the aerogel powder in a vacuum heating furnace, placing the weighed hexamethyldisilazane in the vacuum heating furnace by using a container, heating and gasifying, and carrying out hydrophobic modification for 1.5h to obtain hydrophobic SiO2Aerogel powder, detecting hydrophobic SiO with contact angle measuring instrument2The contact angle between the surface of the aerogel powder and water is 146 degrees;
(2) at room temperature, weighing sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, normal hexane and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:0.8:120, uniformly mixing, and preparing a surface hydrophilic modification solution;
(3) according to hydrophobic SiO2Weighing the surface modification solution according to the volume ratio of 1:3 of the aerogel powder to the surface hydrophilic modification solution, pouring the surface modification solution into a corresponding container, and adding the hydrophobic SiO obtained in the step (1)2Mixing the aerogel powder with the surface hydrophilic modification solution, mechanically stirring for 15min, rotating at 2000 r/min, and filtering;
(4) SiO with the surface containing hydrophilic modification solution obtained in the step (3)2Placing the aerogel powder in a blast drying oven, drying at 120 deg.C for 0.5 hr, cooling to below 50 deg.C with furnace, taking out, and mixing with SiO2The cross section of the aerogel powder is detected, and the detection result shows that the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer is 6.0 mu m;
(5) weighing the modified SiO prepared in the step (4) in sequence according to the mixture ratio2Aerogel powder, 425 ordinary portland cement, ceramsite and optional cementDispersing latex powder, starch, a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and aluminum sulfate, and mixing by a dry method to obtain a dry mixture;
(6) adding water into the dry mixture obtained in the step (5) for wet mixing to obtain a wet mixture;
(7) preparing a foam, namely foaming an aqueous solution containing a sodium dodecyl sulfate foaming agent by using a foaming machine, wherein the volume ratio of the sodium dodecyl sulfate foaming agent to water is 1:20 to prepare the foam;
(8) mixing the wet mixture obtained in the step (6) with the foam, and mechanically stirring for 1min to obtain SiO2Aerogel foam concrete;
(9) pouring the wet material obtained in the step (8) into a cubic die, sealing, demoulding after 24h, cutting into building blocks with dovetail tenons and dovetail mortises after natural curing for 5d, and continuously curing for 23d to obtain SiO2Aerogel foam concrete block. Table 2 shows SiO produced in this example2Performance indexes of the aerogel foam concrete building block.
TABLE 2 SiO2Performance index of aerogel foam concrete building block
Example 3
SiO is prepared by the following steps2Aerogel foam concrete block:
(1) using a contact angle measuring instrument to detect SiO with the particle size of 0.3mm to be treated2The contact angle between the surface of the aerogel powder and water is 148 degrees when the detection result is that the SiO is not saturated2The aerogel powder has hydrophobicity;
(2) weighing fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether ammonium sulfate, n-hexane, ethanol and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:0.4:0.3:130 at room temperature, uniformly mixing, and preparing a surface hydrophilic modification solution;
(3) according to hydrophobic SiO2The volume ratio of the aerogel powder to the surface hydrophilic modification solution is 1:3, the surface modification solution is weighed and poured into a corresponding container, and the aerogel powder and the surface hydrophilic modification solution are subjected to the step (1)) Hydrophobic SiO of2Mixing the aerogel powder with the surface hydrophilic modification solution, mechanically stirring for 15min, rotating at 2500 rpm, and filtering;
(4) SiO with the surface containing hydrophilic modification solution obtained in the step (3)2Placing the aerogel powder in far infrared drying furnace, drying at 120 deg.C for 0.5 hr, cooling to below 50 deg.C, taking out, and mixing with SiO2The cross section of the aerogel powder is detected, and the detection result shows that the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer is 11.1 mu m;
(5) weighing the modified SiO prepared in the step (4) in sequence according to the mixture ratio2Dry mixing aerogel powder, 525 ordinary portland cement, sulphoaluminate cement, ceramsite, redispersible latex powder, hydroxymethyl cellulose, polycarboxylic acid water reducer and sodium sulfate to obtain a dry mixture;
(6) adding water into the dry mixture obtained in the step (5) for wet mixing to obtain a wet mixture;
(7) mixing the wet mixture obtained in the step (6) with an ammonium bicarbonate foaming agent, and mechanically stirring for 2 min;
(8) pouring the wet material obtained in the step (7) into a die with a dovetail tenon and a dovetail groove, foaming, sealing, and demoulding after 24 hours;
(9) after the plastic film is sealed, cutting and forming are carried out, and natural curing is carried out for 28 days to obtain SiO2Aerogel foam concrete block. Table 3 shows SiO obtained in this example2Performance indexes of the aerogel foam concrete building block.
TABLE 3 SiO2Performance index of aerogel foam concrete building block
Example 4
SiO is prepared by the following steps2Aerogel foam concrete block:
(1) detection of SiO to be treated by contact Angle measuring apparatus2The contact angle between the surface of the aerogel powder and water is 45 degrees, and then the particles are put into a moldSiO with a diameter of 67 μm2Placing the aerogel powder in a vacuum heating furnace, placing the weighed trimethylchlorosilane in the vacuum heating furnace by using a container, heating and gasifying, and performing hydrophobic modification for 1.5h to obtain hydrophobic SiO2Aerogel powder, detecting hydrophobic SiO with contact angle measuring instrument2The contact angle between the surface of the aerogel powder and water is 146 degrees;
(2) weighing fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, n-hexane and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1000 at room temperature, uniformly mixing, and preparing into a surface hydrophilic modification solution;
(3) according to hydrophobic SiO2Weighing the surface modification solution according to the volume ratio of 1:3 of the aerogel powder to the surface hydrophilic modification solution, pouring the surface modification solution into a corresponding container, and adding the hydrophobic SiO obtained in the step (1)2Placing aerogel powder into a container made of filter screen, soaking into the surface hydrophilic modification solution together, and taking out after 2 min;
(4) SiO with the surface containing hydrophilic modification solution obtained in the step (3)2Placing the aerogel powder in a blast drying oven, drying at 120 deg.C for 0.5 hr, cooling to below 50 deg.C with furnace, taking out, and mixing with SiO2The cross section of the aerogel powder is detected, and the detection result shows that the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer is 1.3 mu m;
(5) weighing the modified SiO prepared in the step (4) in sequence according to the mixture ratio2Dry mixing aerogel powder, 425 ordinary portland cement, ceramsite, redispersible latex powder, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and sodium nitrate to obtain a dry mixture;
(6) adding water into the dry mixture obtained in the step (5) for wet mixing to obtain a wet mixture;
(7) preparing a foam, namely foaming an aqueous solution containing a vegetable protein foaming agent by using a foaming machine, wherein the volume ratio of the vegetable protein foaming agent to water is 1:20 to prepare the foam;
(8) mixing the wet mixture obtained in the step (6) with the foam, and mechanically stirring for 1min to obtain SiO2Aerogel foam concrete;
(9) pouring the wet material obtained in the step (8) into a die with a dovetail tenon and a dovetail groove, sealing, and demoulding after 24 hours;
(10) after the plastic film is sealed, natural curing is carried out for 28 days to obtain SiO2Aerogel foam concrete block. Table 4 shows SiO obtained in this example2Performance indexes of the aerogel foam concrete building block.
TABLE 4 SiO2Performance index of aerogel foam concrete building block
Example 5
SiO is prepared by the following steps2Aerogel foam concrete block:
(1) detection of SiO to be treated by contact Angle measuring apparatus2The contact angle between the surface of the aerogel powder and water is 31 degrees, and then SiO with the grain diameter of 22 mu m is detected2Placing the aerogel powder in a vacuum heating furnace, placing the weighed hexamethyldisilazane in the vacuum heating furnace by using a container, heating and gasifying, and carrying out hydrophobic modification for 2.5h to obtain hydrophobic SiO2Aerogel powder, detecting hydrophobic SiO with contact angle measuring instrument2The contact angle between the surface of the aerogel powder and water is 150 degrees;
(2) weighing n-hexane, glycerol and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:0.5:15 at room temperature, uniformly mixing, and preparing into a surface hydrophilic modification solution;
(3) according to hydrophobic SiO2Weighing the surface modification solution according to the volume ratio of 1:3 of the aerogel powder to the surface hydrophilic modification solution, pouring the surface modification solution into a corresponding container, and adding the hydrophobic SiO obtained in the step (1)2Placing aerogel powder into a container made of filter screen, soaking into the surface hydrophilic modification solution together, and taking out after 1 min;
(4) SiO with the surface containing hydrophilic modification solution obtained in the step (3)2Placing the aerogel board in a far infrared drying furnace, drying at 120 deg.C for 0.5 hr, cooling to below 50 deg.C, taking out, and drying to obtain SiO2The cross section of the aerogel powder is detected, and the detection result shows that the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer is 99.2 mu m;
(5) weighing the modified SiO prepared in the step (4) in sequence according to the mixture ratio2Mixing aerogel powder, 425 ordinary portland cement, semi-hydrated gypsum, a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, sodium citrate, magnesium hydroxide and microcapsule-coated octadecane by a dry method to obtain a dry mixture;
(6) adding water and acrylic emulsion into the dry mixture obtained in the step (5) to perform wet mixing to obtain a wet mixture;
(7) preparing a foam, namely foaming a foaming agent solution consisting of a foaming agent, acrylic emulsion and water by using a foaming machine, wherein the volume ratio of the animal protein foaming agent to the water is 1:0.05:80, so as to prepare the foam;
(8) mixing the wet mixture obtained in the step (6) with the foam, and mechanically stirring for 1min to obtain SiO2Wet aerogel foam concrete;
(9) pouring the wet material obtained in the step (8) into a die with a dovetail tenon and a dovetail groove, sealing, and demoulding after 24 hours;
(10) after the plastic film is sealed, natural curing is carried out for 28 days to obtain SiO2Aerogel foam concrete block. Table 5 shows SiO obtained in this example2Performance indexes of the aerogel foam concrete building block.
TABLE 5 SiO2Performance index of aerogel foam concrete building block
Example 6
SiO is prepared by the following steps2Aerogel foam concrete block:
(1) SiO to be treated with a particle size of 177 μm was examined using a contact angle measuring instrument2The contact angle between the surface of the aerogel powder and water is 141 degrees as a detection result, and then the SiO is obtained2The aerogel powder has hydrophobicity;
(2) at room temperature, weighing acetone and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:100, uniformly mixing, and preparing a surface hydrophilic modification solution;
(3) according to hydrophobic SiO2Weighing the surface modification solution according to the volume ratio of 1:3 of the aerogel powder to the surface hydrophilic modification solution, pouring the surface modification solution into a corresponding container, and adding the hydrophobic SiO obtained in the step (1)2Mixing the aerogel powder with the surface hydrophilic modification solution, performing ball milling treatment for 25min, taking out and filtering;
(4) SiO with the surface containing hydrophilic modification solution obtained in the step (3)2Placing the aerogel powder in a blast drying oven, drying at 120 deg.C for 0.5 hr, cooling to below 50 deg.C with furnace, taking out, and mixing with SiO2The cross section of the aerogel powder is detected, and the detection result shows that the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer is 6.5 mu m;
(5) weighing the modified SiO prepared in the step (4) in sequence according to the mixture ratio2Mixing aerogel powder, fly ash, redispersible latex powder, hydroxyethyl cellulose, a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and polypropylene fiber by a dry method to obtain a dry mixture;
(6) adding water glass and water into the dry mixture obtained in the step (5) to carry out wet mixing to obtain a wet mixture;
(7) mixing the wet mixture obtained in the step (6) with an aluminum powder foaming agent, and mechanically stirring for 5 min;
(8) pouring the wet material obtained in the step (7) into a die with a dovetail tenon and a dovetail groove, foaming, sealing, and demoulding after 24 hours;
(9) after the plastic film is sealed, cutting and forming are carried out, and natural curing is carried out for 28 days to obtain SiO2Aerogel foam concrete block. Table 6 shows SiO produced in this example2Performance indexes of the aerogel foam concrete building block.
TABLE 6 SiO2Performance index of aerogel foam concrete building block
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A preparation method of an aerogel foam concrete building block adopts the following steps to prepare SiO2Aerogel foam concrete block:
(1) detection of SiO to be treated by contact Angle measuring apparatus2The contact angle between the surface of the aerogel powder and water is 31 degrees, and then SiO with the grain diameter of 88 mu m is detected2Placing the aerogel powder in a vacuum heating furnace, placing the weighed trimethylchlorosilane in the vacuum heating furnace by using a container, heating and gasifying, and performing hydrophobic modification for 1.5h to obtain hydrophobic SiO2Aerogel powder, detecting hydrophobic SiO with contact angle measuring instrument2The contact angle between the surface of the aerogel powder and water is 150 degrees;
(2) weighing n-hexane, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:0.5:1000 at room temperature, uniformly mixing, and preparing into a surface hydrophilic modification solution;
(3) according to hydrophobic SiO2Weighing the surface hydrophilic modification solution according to the volume ratio of aerogel powder to the surface hydrophilic modification solution of 1:3, pouring the surface hydrophilic modification solution into a corresponding container, and adding the hydrophobic SiO obtained in the step (1)2Placing aerogel powder into a container made of filter screen, soaking into the surface hydrophilic modification solution together, and taking out after 1 min;
(4) SiO with the surface containing hydrophilic modification solution obtained in the step (3)2Placing the aerogel board in a far infrared drying furnace, drying at 120 deg.C for 0.5 hr, cooling to below 50 deg.C, taking out, and drying to obtain SiO2The cross section of the aerogel powder is detected, and the detection result shows that the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer is 0.1 mu m;
(5) weighing the modified SiO prepared in the step (4) in sequence according to the mixture ratio2Aerogel powder, 425 ordinary portland cement, ceramsite, redispersible latex powder and hydroxymethylMixing cellulose, a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and sodium sulfate in a dry method to obtain a dry mixture;
(6) adding water into the dry mixture obtained in the step (5) for wet mixing to obtain a wet mixture;
(7) foaming the aqueous solution containing the animal protein foaming agent by using a foaming machine, wherein the volume ratio of the animal protein foaming agent to water is 1:20, and preparing a foam;
(8) mixing the wet mixture obtained in the step (6) with the foam, and mechanically stirring for 1min to obtain SiO2Aerogel foam concrete;
(9) pouring the wet material obtained in the step (8) into a die with a dovetail tenon and a dovetail groove, sealing, and demoulding after 24 hours;
(10) sealing the plastic film, and naturally curing at 20 deg.C and 95% RH humidity for 28 days to obtain SiO2Aerogel foam concrete block.
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| CN109987960A (en) * | 2017-12-30 | 2019-07-09 | 卢锋 | A kind of aerogel composite and preparation method thereof |
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