CN107265963B - Super-adiabatic aerogel foam concrete and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Super-adiabatic aerogel foam concrete and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107265963B CN107265963B CN201610214828.6A CN201610214828A CN107265963B CN 107265963 B CN107265963 B CN 107265963B CN 201610214828 A CN201610214828 A CN 201610214828A CN 107265963 B CN107265963 B CN 107265963B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/02—Treatment
- C04B20/023—Chemical treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/06—Aluminous cements
- C04B28/065—Calcium aluminosulfate cements, e.g. cements hydrating into ettringite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/30—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
- C04B2201/32—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
Abstract
The invention discloses super-adiabatic aerogel foam concrete and a preparation method thereof, and is characterized in that the aerogel foam concrete consists of aerogel powder and foam concrete, wherein the aerogel powder consists of an internal hydrophobic layer and a surface hydrophilic layer, and the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer is 0.1-100 mu m. The preparation method of the super heat insulation aerogel foam concrete comprises the following steps: (1) modifying aerogel powder; (2) dry-mixing the aerogel powder obtained in the step (1) with a cementing material, and then adding water for wet mixing; (3) and (3) mixing the wet mixed material obtained in the step (2) with the prefabricated foam, and stirring. The aerogel foam concrete can be widely applied to the fields of wall heat preservation, fire prevention, sound insulation, steel structure fire prevention and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a building thermal insulation material, in particular to super thermal insulation aerogel foam concrete and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the fields of light, thermal insulation, fire prevention, sound insulation materials and the like.
Background
With the progress of society, the problems of energy crisis, environmental deterioration, and the like become more serious. In 2006, the concept of energy conservation and emission reduction is proposed for the first time in the eleventh five-year planning outline of national economy and social development, and the constraint index that the total energy consumption of domestic production in a unit is reduced by about 20% and the total emission of main pollutants is reduced by 10% in a 'eleventh five-year' period (2006 + 2010) is proposed. Energy conservation promotes emission reduction, the building energy consumption accounts for 33 percent in the domestic total production energy consumption, and the building energy conservation is the important factor in the energy conservation and emission reduction business of China. According to statistics, the heat loss of the wall structure is relatively highest, and heat preservation and insulation measures are taken for the wall body, which is a key step of building energy conservation.
Common wall thermal insulation materials include expanded polystyrene, expanded polyurethane, rock wool, thermal insulation mortar, expanded glass, traditional foam concrete and the like. The expanded polystyrene and the expanded polyurethane have excellent heat insulation performance, but are inflammable when encountering fire, generate asphyxiating smoke and seriously threaten the safety of owners; the rock wool has excellent heat-insulating performance, but fails when meeting water, and has high construction difficulty; the heat-insulating mortar has good fireproof performance, but relatively high heat conductivity coefficient; the foamed glass is easy to remove slag, the cost is high, and the engineering application of the foamed glass is influenced.
Compared with the existing heat-insulating material, the foam concrete belongs to A-grade heat-insulating material, and has the advantages of high strength, low cost and the like, but the heat-insulating property of the foam concrete is not as good as that of the organic foam heat-insulating material. Therefore, the method has important significance in further improving the heat preservation and heat insulation performance of the foam concrete.
The aerogel is a light inorganic solid material with a three-dimensional network framework structure and nano-scale holes, has extremely high porosity and specific surface area, extremely low density and solid content, chemical inertness and incombustibility, shows excellent characteristics of light weight, heat preservation, heat insulation, fire prevention, sound insulation, shock absorption, energy absorption and the like, and has a heat conductivity coefficient as low as 0.013W/m.K. Therefore, if the aerogel is added into the foam concrete, the bottleneck of restricting and further improving the heat insulation performance of the foam concrete is expected to be broken through.
However, the following technical bottlenecks are encountered in developing aerogel foam concrete: (1) because the density difference between the aerogel powder and the concrete is large, the aerogel powder and the concrete are easy to separate from each other in the mixing process, so that the aerogel is difficult to be uniformly distributed in a concrete system, the mechanical property of the foam concrete is seriously reduced, and the heat-insulating property is not obviously improved; (2) in the preparation process of foam concrete, the nano porous structure of the aerogel is very easy to be damaged by water in the concrete and additives in cement raw materials, and the excellent heat insulation performance of the aerogel caused by the characteristics of the nano porous structure is lost; (3) the mechanical property of the foam concrete is obviously reduced due to low interface strength between the aerogel and the gelled material, and the aerogel powder is easy to fall off from a concrete matrix.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides super thermal insulation aerogel foam concrete and a preparation method thereof.
The super-adiabatic aerogel foam concrete consists of aerogel powder and foam concrete, wherein the aerogel powder consists of an internal hydrophobic layer and a surface hydrophilic layer, and the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer is 0.1-100 mu m.
A preparation method of super heat insulation aerogel foam concrete comprises the following steps:
(1) modifying aerogel powder;
(2) dry-mixing the aerogel powder obtained in the step (1) with a cementing material, and then adding water for wet mixing;
(3) and (3) mixing the wet mixed material obtained in the step (2) with the prefabricated foam, and stirring.
In one embodiment, the step (1) comprises a hydrophobic modification step, the hydrophobic modification step is to perform hydrophobic modification on the aerogel powder in a closed hydrophobic modifier gas phase environment, and the hydrophobic modifier is one or more of trimethylchlorosilane, hexamethyldisilazane, hexamethyldisiloxane, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, gamma- (2, 3-glycidoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and N- (β -aminoethyl) -gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane.
In one embodiment, the step (1) further comprises a surface hydrophilic modification step; the surface hydrophilic modification is to modify the surface of the hydrophobic aerogel powder by adopting a surface hydrophilic modification solution; the surface hydrophilic modification solution is an aqueous solution of a surfactant and a low surface tension solvent or an aqueous solution of a low surface tension solvent; the surfactant is one or more of anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, amphoteric surfactant and nonionic surfactant; the anionic surfactant is one or more of fatty alcohol phosphate ester salt, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether phosphate ester salt, alkyl sulfate, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, glycerol fatty acid ester sulfate, sulfated ricinoleate, naphthene sulfate, fatty amide alkyl sulfate, alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl sulfonate, fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate sulfonate, fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate; the cationic surfactant is aliphatic ammonium salt; the amphoteric surfactant is one or more of alkyl amino acid, carboxylic betaine, sulfobetaine, phosphate betaine and alkyl amine oxide hydroxide; the nonionic surfactant is one or more of aliphatic polyester, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, high-carbon fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene, fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester, fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate, epoxy ethylene adduct of polypropylene glycol, sorbitan ester, sucrose fatty acid ester and alkyl ester amide; the low surface tension solvent is one or more of acetone, n-hexane, n-pentane, n-heptane, ethanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol, propylene glycol and glycerol.
In one embodiment, the step of modifying the surface by hydrophilicity further comprises the step of applying a physical field; the external physical field action step is one of far infrared radiation, stirring, ultrasonic treatment and ball milling.
In one embodiment, the step (1) further comprises a drying treatment step; the drying treatment step is one of far infrared drying, spray drying, microwave drying, normal pressure drying, supercritical drying, subcritical drying and freeze drying.
In one embodiment, the gelling material is one or more of portland cement, aluminate cement, sulphoaluminate cement, magnesium oxychloride cement, gypsum, lime, water glass, acrylic emulsion, polyurethane emulsion, epoxy resin emulsion, silicone resin emulsion, fluorocarbon resin emulsion, polyvinyl alcohol emulsion, and ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer emulsion.
In one embodiment, one or more of phase change energy storage materials, lightweight aggregate, admixtures, fibers, flame retardants, wood flour and additives can be added in the step (2) and/or the step (3).
In one embodiment, the phase change energy storage material is one or more of inorganic water and salt, higher aliphatic hydrocarbon, polyalcohol and polyhydroxy carboxylic acid which are coated by microcapsules; the lightweight aggregate is one or more of ceramsite, slag, expanded vermiculite, volcanic rock, expanded perlite, vitrified micro bubbles, light sand, polyurethane foam particles and polystyrene foam particles; the admixture is one or more of calcium-enriched fly ash, II-grade fly ash, silica fume, ground slag powder and phosphorus slag powder; the fiber is one or more of polystyrene fiber, polypropylene fiber, lignin fiber, alkali-resistant glass fiber and steel fiber; the flame retardant is one or two of magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide; the additive is one or more of the surfactant, the water reducing agent, the water repellent, the coagulant, the retarder, the thickener, the foam stabilizer and the preservative; the water reducing agent is one or more of a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, a sodium lignosulfonate water reducing agent, a naphthalene water reducing agent, an aliphatic water reducing agent and an amino water reducing agent; the water repellent is one or more of a hard sulfonate water repellent and an organic silicon water repellent; the coagulant is one or more of sodium silicate, aluminum sulfate, sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate and lithium carbonate; the retarder is one or more of citric acid, sodium polyphosphate, bone glue protein and borax; the thickening agent is one or more of methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, bentonite, white carbon black and starch; the foam stabilizer is one or more of polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, silicone resin polyether emulsion, dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide and alkylolamide; the preservative is one or more of 1, 2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 1,3, 5-tris (2-hydroxyethyl) s-triazine and hexahydro-1, 3, 5-triethyl-triazine.
In one embodiment, the prefoamed foam is prepared by preparing a mixed solution of a physical foaming agent and water into a prefoamed foam using a high-pressure foaming machine or mechanical agitation; the physical foaming agent is one or more of rosin foaming agent, synthetic surfactant foaming agent, plant protein foaming agent and animal protein foaming agent.
The aerogel foam concrete consists of aerogel powder and foam concrete, wherein the aerogel powder is uniformly distributed in the foam concrete and keeps a nano porous structure, the heat conductivity coefficient of the aerogel foam concrete is 0.03-0.09W/m.K, the compressive strength of the aerogel foam concrete is 0.5-15.0 MPa, and the aerogel foam concrete can be widely applied to the fields of wall heat preservation, fire prevention, sound insulation, steel structure fire prevention and the like.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments in order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the invention more comprehensible. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as broadly as the present invention is capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
The super heat insulation aerogel foam concrete comprises aerogel powder and foam concrete, wherein the aerogel powder comprises an internal hydrophobic layer and a surface hydrophilic layer, and the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer is 0.1-100 mu m.
Therefore, compared with the existing foam concrete in the market, the aerogel foam concrete provided by the invention has the advantages that the thermal insulation performance is obviously improved on the premise of not reducing the mechanical property, and the aerogel foam concrete can be widely applied to the fields of external walls, self-insulation walls, floor clapboards, steel structure fire prevention and the like of green buildings and buildings with ultralow energy consumption and near zero energy consumption.
In addition, the invention not only can compound the micron-sized aerogel powder with the foam concrete, but also can compound the centimeter-sized aerogel particles with the foam concrete, and keeps the nano porous structure of the aerogel.
A preparation method of super heat insulation aerogel foam concrete comprises the following steps:
(1) modifying aerogel powder;
(2) dry-mixing the aerogel powder obtained in the step (1) with a cementing material, and then adding water for wet mixing;
(3) and (3) mixing the wet mixed material obtained in the step (2) with the prefabricated foam, and stirring.
In addition, in the step (2) of the invention, the gel material can be dry-mixed, then water is added for wet mixing, and the aerogel powder obtained in the step (1) is added during wet mixing.
Therefore, the preparation method of the aerogel foam concrete has the advantages of simple process, short process period, waste utilization, environmental protection and the like, and is very suitable for industrial production.
In the embodiment, the step (1) comprises a hydrophobic modification step, wherein the hydrophobic modification step is to perform hydrophobic modification on the aerogel powder in a closed hydrophobic modifier gas-phase environment, and the hydrophobic modifier is one or more of trimethylchlorosilane, hexamethyldisilazane, hexamethyldisiloxane, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, gamma- (2, 3-glycidoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and N- (β -aminoethyl) -gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane.
Therefore, in the existing aerogel preparation method, the precursor, the replacement solvent and the drying process have great influence on the hydrophobicity of the aerogel, and if the contact angle of the surface of the aerogel and water is more than 90 degrees, the surface hydrophilic modification can be directly carried out without carrying out hydrophobic modification in advance; if the contact angle of the surface of the aerogel and water is less than 90 degrees, hydrophobic modification needs to be carried out in advance; the hydrophobic modification is carried out on the aerogel powder in an airtight hydrophobic modifier gas phase environment, the modification effect of the aerogel powder is obviously improved, the internal nano porous structure is not damaged when the subsequent hydrophilic modification is ensured, the modification efficiency and the production efficiency are also obviously improved, and the production cost is reduced.
In this embodiment, the step (1) further includes a surface hydrophilic modification step; the surface hydrophilic modification step is to modify the surface of the hydrophobic aerogel powder by adopting a surface hydrophilic modification solution; the surface hydrophilic modification solution is an aqueous solution of a surfactant and a low surface tension solvent or an aqueous solution of a low surface tension solvent; the surfactant is one or more of anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, amphoteric surfactant and nonionic surfactant; the anionic surfactant is one or more of fatty alcohol phosphate ester salt, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether phosphate ester salt, alkyl sulfate, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, glycerol fatty acid ester sulfate, sulfated ricinoleate, naphthene sulfate, fatty amide alkyl sulfate, alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl sulfonate, fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate sulfonate, fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate; the cationic surfactant is aliphatic ammonium salt; the amphoteric surfactant is one or more of alkyl amino acid, carboxylic betaine, sulfobetaine, phosphate betaine and alkyl amine oxide hydroxide; the nonionic surfactant is one or more of aliphatic polyester, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, high-carbon fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene, fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester, fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate, epoxy ethylene adduct of polypropylene glycol, sorbitan ester, sucrose fatty acid ester and alkyl ester amide; the low surface tension solvent is one or more of acetone, n-hexane, n-pentane, n-heptane, ethanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol, propylene glycol and glycerol.
Thus, the aqueous solution of the surfactant and the low surface tension solvent or the aqueous solution of the low surface tension solvent has a surface synergistic hydrophilic modification effect in the hydrophilic modification treatment process of the surface of the hydrophobic aerogel powder, can obviously improve the wetting and expanding rate of the surface hydrophilic modification solution on the surface of the aerogel powder, and simultaneously obviously slows down the wetting and expanding to the inside of the aerogel powder, can accurately realize the regulation and control of the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer of the aerogel powder by regulating and controlling the using amount of the modification solution, the low surface tension solvent not only has the surface synergistic hydrophilic modification effect with water and the surfactant, but also can greatly reduce the capillary force of the hydrophilic modification solution entering the nanopores on the surface layer of the aerogel powder, and the hydrophilic modification solution in the nanopores on the surface layer of the aerogel powder can be easily evaporated out through a drying process without damaging the nanoporous structure of the hydrophilic modification solution, the aerogel powder has the structural characteristics of internal hydrophobicity, surface hydrophilicity, and the surface hydrophilic layer still maintains a nano porous structure, and the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer is 0.1-100 mu m, and the aerogel powder is well combined with a cementing material through an interface; the process has the characteristics of simple steps, short period, high production efficiency and the like, and is suitable for industrial production.
In this embodiment, the step of modifying the surface with hydrophilicity further includes a step of applying a physical field; the external physical field action step is one of far infrared radiation, stirring, ultrasonic treatment and ball milling.
So, the activity that adds the physical field effect and can show the hydrophilic modified solution in improvement surface and with the contact probability of aerogel powder, reduce the surfactant quantity, improve the hydrophilic modified speed in surface of aerogel powder, reduce cost improves production efficiency.
In this embodiment, the step (1) further includes a drying step; the drying treatment step is one of far infrared drying, spray drying, microwave drying, normal pressure drying, supercritical drying, subcritical drying and freeze drying.
Thus, if the aerogel powder after hydrophilic modification is compounded with the cementing material, the interface combination is influenced by the residual hydrophilic modification solution on the surface layer, and the pre-drying treatment is needed; by utilizing the drying process, on the premise of ensuring that the nano-pore structure on the surface layer of the aerogel powder is not damaged, the residual surface hydrophilic modification solution in the nano-pores on the surface layer of the aerogel powder is evaporated, and the interface bonding strength between the aerogel powder and the cementing material is improved.
In this embodiment, the gelling material is one or more of portland cement, aluminate cement, sulphoaluminate cement, magnesium oxychloride cement, gypsum, lime, water glass, acrylic emulsion, polyurethane emulsion, epoxy resin emulsion, silicone resin emulsion, fluorocarbon resin emulsion, polyvinyl alcohol emulsion, and ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer emulsion.
In this embodiment, one or more of a phase change energy storage material, a lightweight aggregate, an admixture, a fiber, a flame retardant, wood flour, and an additive may be further added in the step (2) and/or the step (3).
Therefore, the step (2) of the invention adopts a dry mixing-wet mixing two-step mixing process, thereby solving the problem of layering caused by large specific gravity difference of the aerogel powder and other materials during mixing, realizing uniform mixing of the modified aerogel powder in concrete, simultaneously reducing the influence of the aerogel powder on the foaming process, being beneficial to controlling the foaming quality and realizing low heat conductivity coefficient.
In this embodiment, the phase change energy storage material is one or more of inorganic water and salt, higher aliphatic hydrocarbon, polyol, and polyhydroxy carboxylic acid coated by microcapsule; the lightweight aggregate is one or more of ceramsite, slag, expanded vermiculite, volcanic rock, expanded perlite, vitrified micro bubbles, light sand, polyurethane foam particles and polystyrene foam particles; the admixture is one or more of calcium-enriched fly ash, II-grade fly ash, silica fume, ground slag powder and phosphorus slag powder; the fiber is one or more of polystyrene fiber, polypropylene fiber, lignin fiber, alkali-resistant glass fiber and steel fiber; the flame retardant is one or two of magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide; the additive is one or more of the surfactant, the water reducing agent, the water repellent, the coagulant, the retarder, the thickener, the foam stabilizer and the preservative; the water reducing agent is one or more of a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, a sodium lignosulfonate water reducing agent, a naphthalene water reducing agent, an aliphatic water reducing agent and an amino water reducing agent; the water repellent is one or more of a hard sulfonate water repellent and an organic silicon water repellent; the coagulant is one or more of sodium silicate, aluminum sulfate, sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate and lithium carbonate; the retarder is one or more of citric acid, sodium polyphosphate, bone glue protein and borax; the thickening agent is one or more of methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, bentonite, white carbon black and starch; the foam stabilizer is one or more of polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, silicone resin polyether emulsion, dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide and alkylolamide; the preservative is one or more of 1, 2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 1,3, 5-tris (2-hydroxyethyl) s-triazine and hexahydro-1, 3, 5-triethyl-triazine.
Therefore, the phase-change energy storage material can absorb or release a large amount of heat energy through phase change and has an energy storage effect, the aerogel foam concrete provided by the invention is used for building walls, the indoor temperature of a building can be adjusted, the building comfort level is improved, the energy is saved, and the freeze-thaw resistance of the aerogel foam concrete provided by the invention can be improved by adding the phase-change energy storage material; the lightweight aggregate has low density, high compressive strength and good thermal insulation performance, and the mechanical property and the thermal insulation performance of the aerogel foam concrete can be improved without obviously increasing or reducing the density by adding the lightweight aggregate; the admixture can improve the workability and cohesiveness of the concrete, reduce the slump of the concrete, facilitate the uniform pore size distribution of the aerogel foam concrete and further improve the mechanical property and the heat insulation property of the aerogel foam concrete; moreover, the use of the admixture is beneficial to the use of industrial waste, the cost of the aerogel foam concrete is reduced, and energy is saved and waste is utilized; the added fiber can improve the mechanical properties of the aerogel foam concrete such as bending resistance and the like; the fire retardant is added to improve the fire-proof grade of the aerogel foam concrete, and because the fire retardants such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide undergo dehydration and endothermic reaction when encountering fire, the rate of temperature rise of the matrix is prolonged; the strength between the aerogel foam concrete and the anchoring piece and between the aerogel foam concrete and the anchoring screw can be improved by adding wood powder; the addition of the surfactant can improve the wetting efficiency of the cementing material on the surfaces of fibers, lightweight aggregates and the like, so that the interface bonding strength between the cementing material and the fibers and between the cementing material and the lightweight aggregates is improved; the water reducing agent is added, so that the fluidity and the collapse degree of the concrete can be improved, the water consumption is reduced, and the mechanical property of the aerogel foam concrete is improved; the water repellent is added, so that the water absorption rate of the aerogel foam concrete, particularly the aerogel foam concrete with a through hole structure, can be obviously reduced, and the freeze-thaw resistance and the weather resistance of the aerogel foam concrete are improved; the setting accelerator is added to accelerate the curing rate of the cementing material, so that the initial setting time of the aerogel foam concrete can be reduced, the pore diameter of the aerogel foam concrete is uniformly distributed, and the mechanical property and the heat insulation property of the aerogel foam concrete are improved; the setting rate of the cementing material can be slowed down by adding the retarder, and when gypsum is used, the setting time needs to be adjusted by adding the retarder because the setting rate of the gypsum is too high; the thickening agent is added, so that the viscosity of the concrete can be increased, the stability and the porosity of foam concrete cells are improved, the shape of the foam concrete cells of the aerogel is mostly regular spherical, and the mechanical property and the heat insulation property of the aerogel foam concrete are improved; the foam stabilizer is added, so that the stability and porosity of the foam pores of the aerogel foam concrete can be improved, and the mechanical property and the heat insulation property of the aerogel foam concrete are further improved; the addition of the preservative can prevent the aerogel foam concrete from mildewing, and improve the service life and the durability of the aerogel foam concrete.
In this embodiment, the prefoamed foam is prepared by using a high-pressure foaming machine or mechanical stirring to prepare a mixed solution of a physical foaming agent and water into a prefoamed foam; the physical foaming agent is one or more of rosin foaming agent, synthetic surfactant foaming agent, plant protein foaming agent and animal protein foaming agent.
Thus, the invention prepares the foam in advance, and then mixes the foam with the wet mixture to prepare the aerogel foam concrete with excellent performance, and can realize cast-in-place construction.
The aerogel foam concrete consists of aerogel powder and foam concrete, wherein the aerogel powder is uniformly distributed in the foam concrete and keeps a nano porous structure, the heat conductivity coefficient of the aerogel foam concrete is 0.03-0.09W/m.K, the compressive strength of the aerogel foam concrete is 0.5-15.0 MPa, and the aerogel foam concrete can be widely applied to the fields of wall heat preservation, fire prevention, sound insulation, steel structure fire prevention and the like.
The following is a detailed description of the embodiments.
Example 1
SiO is prepared by the following steps2Aerogel foam concrete:
(1) detection of SiO to be treated by contact Angle measuring apparatus2The contact angle of the surface of the aerogel powder and water is 55 degrees, and then the SiO with the particle size of 56 mu m is used2Placing the aerogel powder in a vacuum heating furnace, placing the weighed hexamethyldisilazane in the vacuum heating furnace by using a container, heating and gasifying, and carrying out hydrophobic modification for 1.5h to obtain hydrophobic SiO2Aerogel powder, detecting hydrophobic SiO with contact angle measuring instrument2The contact angle between the surface of the aerogel powder and water is 147 degrees;
(2) weighing ethanol, n-hexane and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:1:100 at room temperature, uniformly mixing, and preparing a surface hydrophilic modification solution;
(3) according to hydrophobic SiO2Weighing the surface modification solution according to the volume ratio of 1:3 of the aerogel powder to the surface hydrophilic modification solution, pouring the surface modification solution into a corresponding container, and adding the hydrophobic SiO obtained in the step (1)2Mixing the aerogel powder with the surface hydrophilic modification solution, performing ball milling treatment for 25min, taking out and filtering;
(4) SiO with the surface containing hydrophilic modification solution obtained in the step (3)2Placing the aerogel powder in far infrared drying furnace, drying at 120 deg.C for 0.5 hr, cooling to below 50 deg.C, taking out, and mixing with SiO2The cross section of the aerogel powder is detected, and the detection result shows that the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer is 7.9 mu m;
(5) weighing the modified SiO prepared in the step (4) in sequence according to the mixture ratio2Dry mixing aerogel powder, 425 ordinary portland cement, ceramsite, redispersible latex powder, hydroxymethyl cellulose, polycarboxylic acid water reducer and sodium sulfate to obtain a dry mixture;
(6) adding water into the dry mixture obtained in the step (5) for wet mixing to obtain a wet mixture;
(7) foaming the aqueous solution containing the animal protein foaming agent by using a foaming machine, wherein the volume ratio of the animal protein foaming agent to water is 1:20, and preparing a foam;
(8) mixing the wet mixture obtained in the step (6) with the foam, and mechanically stirring for 1min to obtain SiO2Aerogel foam concrete, Table 1 shows SiO produced in this example2And (4) performing 28d standard maintenance on the aerogel foam concrete.
TABLE 1 SiO2Performance index of aerogel foam concrete
Example 2
SiO is prepared by the following steps2Aerogel foam coagulationSoil:
(1) detection of SiO to be treated by contact Angle measuring apparatus2The contact angle between the surface of the aerogel powder and water is 45 degrees, and then SiO with the grain diameter of 0.1mm is added2Placing the aerogel powder in a vacuum heating furnace, placing the weighed trimethylchlorosilane in the vacuum heating furnace by using a container, heating and gasifying, and performing hydrophobic modification for 1.5h to obtain hydrophobic SiO2Aerogel powder, detecting hydrophobic SiO with contact angle measuring instrument2The contact angle between the surface of the aerogel powder and water is 146 degrees;
(2) weighing fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether ammonium sulfate, n-hexane, acetone and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:0.4:0.4:130 at room temperature, uniformly mixing, and preparing a surface hydrophilic modification solution;
(3) according to hydrophobic SiO2Weighing the surface modification solution according to the volume ratio of 1:3 of the aerogel powder to the surface hydrophilic modification solution, pouring the surface modification solution into a corresponding container, and adding the hydrophobic SiO obtained in the step (1)2Mixing the aerogel powder with the surface hydrophilic modification solution, mechanically stirring for 15min, rotating at 2500 rpm, and filtering;
(4) SiO with the surface containing hydrophilic modification solution obtained in the step (3)2Placing the aerogel powder in far infrared drying furnace, drying at 120 deg.C for 0.5 hr, cooling to below 50 deg.C, taking out, and mixing with SiO2The cross section of the aerogel powder is detected, and the detection result shows that the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer is 11.1 mu m;
(5) weighing the modified SiO prepared in the step (4) in sequence according to the mixture ratio2Dry mixing aerogel powder, 425 ordinary portland cement, ceramsite, redispersible latex powder, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and sodium nitrate to obtain a dry mixture;
(6) adding water into the dry mixture obtained in the step (5) for wet mixing to obtain a wet mixture;
(7) preparing a foam, namely foaming an aqueous solution containing a vegetable protein foaming agent by using a foaming machine, wherein the volume ratio of the vegetable protein foaming agent to water is 1:20 to prepare the foam;
(8) foaming, mixing the wet mixture obtained in the step (6) with the foam, and mechanically stirring for 1min to obtain SiO2Aerogel foam concrete. Table 2 shows SiO produced in this example2And (4) performing 28d standard maintenance on the aerogel foam concrete.
TABLE 2 SiO2Performance index of aerogel foam concrete
Example 3
SiO is prepared by the following steps2Aerogel foam concrete:
(1) detection of SiO to be treated having a particle size of 75 μm by means of a contact angle measuring apparatus2The contact angle between the surface of the aerogel powder and water is 141 degrees as a detection result, and then the SiO is obtained2The aerogel powder has hydrophobicity;
(2) at room temperature, weighing sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, normal hexane and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:0.8:120, uniformly mixing, and preparing a surface hydrophilic modification solution;
(3) according to hydrophobic SiO2Weighing the surface modification solution according to the volume ratio of 1:3 of the aerogel powder to the surface hydrophilic modification solution, pouring the surface modification solution into a corresponding container, and adding the hydrophobic SiO obtained in the step (1)2Mixing the aerogel powder with the surface hydrophilic modification solution, mechanically stirring for 15min, rotating at 2000 r/min, and filtering;
(4) SiO with the surface containing hydrophilic modification solution obtained in the step (3)2Placing the aerogel powder in a blast drying oven, drying at 120 deg.C for 0.5 hr, cooling to below 50 deg.C with furnace, taking out, and mixing with SiO2The cross section of the aerogel powder is detected, and the detection result shows that the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer is 6.0 mu m;
(5) weighing the modified SiO prepared in the step (4) in sequence according to the mixture ratio2Dry mixing aerogel powder, 425 ordinary portland cement, ceramsite, redispersible latex powder, starch, polycarboxylic acid water reducer and aluminum sulfate to obtain a dry mixture;
(6) adding water into the dry mixture obtained in the step (5) for wet mixing to obtain a wet mixture;
(7) preparing a foam, namely foaming an aqueous solution containing a sodium dodecyl sulfate foaming agent by using a foaming machine, wherein the volume ratio of the sodium dodecyl sulfate foaming agent to water is 1:80 to prepare the foam;
(8) foaming, mixing the wet mixture obtained in the step (6) with the foam, and mechanically stirring for 1min to obtain SiO2Aerogel foam concrete. Table 3 shows SiO obtained in this example2And (4) performing 28d standard maintenance on the aerogel foam concrete.
TABLE 3 SiO2Performance index of aerogel foam concrete
Example 4
SiO is prepared by the following steps2Aerogel foam concrete:
(1) SiO with particle size of 77 μm to be treated was detected by using a contact angle measuring instrument2The contact angle between the surface of the aerogel powder and water is 140 degrees according to the detection result, and then the SiO is obtained2The aerogel powder has hydrophobicity;
(2) weighing fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, normal hexane and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:1:0.8:200 at room temperature, uniformly mixing, and preparing a surface hydrophilic modification solution;
(3) according to hydrophobic SiO2Weighing the surface modification solution according to the volume ratio of 1:3 of the aerogel powder to the surface hydrophilic modification solution, pouring the surface modification solution into a corresponding container, and adding the hydrophobic SiO obtained in the step (1)2Mixing the aerogel powder with the surface hydrophilic modification solution, mechanically stirring for 15min, rotating at 2500 rpm, and filtering;
(4) SiO with the surface containing hydrophilic modification solution obtained in the step (3)2Placing the aerogel powder in far infrared drying furnace, drying at 120 deg.C for 0.5 hr, cooling to below 50 deg.C, and taking outTo SiO2The cross section of the aerogel powder is detected, and the detection result shows that the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer is 11.1 mu m;
(5) weighing the modified SiO prepared in the step (4) in sequence according to the mixture ratio2Dry mixing aerogel powder, 425 ordinary portland cement, vitrified micro bubbles, redispersible latex powder, hydroxymethyl cellulose, a polycarboxylic acid water reducer, sodium sulfate and an organic silicon water repellent to obtain a dry mixture;
(6) adding water into the dry mixture obtained in the step (5) for wet mixing to obtain a wet mixture;
(7) preparing a foam, namely foaming an aqueous solution containing an animal protein foaming agent by using a foaming machine, wherein the volume ratio of the animal protein foaming agent to water is 1:15, so as to prepare the foam;
(8) foaming, mixing the wet mixture obtained in the step (6) with the foam, and mechanically stirring for 1min to obtain SiO2Aerogel foam concrete. Table 4 shows SiO obtained in this example2And (4) performing 28d standard maintenance on the aerogel foam concrete.
TABLE 4 SiO2Performance index of aerogel foam concrete
Example 5
SiO is prepared by the following steps2Aerogel foam concrete:
(1) detection of SiO to be treated by contact Angle measuring apparatus2The contact angle between the surface of the aerogel powder and water is 31 degrees, and then SiO with the grain diameter of 22 mu m is detected2Placing the aerogel powder in a vacuum heating furnace, placing the weighed hexamethyldisilazane in the vacuum heating furnace by using a container, heating and gasifying, and carrying out hydrophobic modification for 2.5h to obtain hydrophobic SiO2Aerogel powder, detecting hydrophobic SiO with contact angle measuring instrument2The contact angle between the surface of the aerogel powder and water is 150 degrees;
(2) weighing n-hexane, glycerol and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:0.5:1000 at room temperature, uniformly mixing, and preparing into a surface hydrophilic modification solution;
(3) according to hydrophobic SiO2Weighing the surface modification solution according to the volume ratio of 1:3 of the aerogel powder to the surface hydrophilic modification solution, pouring the surface modification solution into a corresponding container, and adding the hydrophobic SiO obtained in the step (1)2Placing aerogel powder into a container made of filter screen, soaking into the surface hydrophilic modification solution together, and taking out after 1 min;
(4) SiO with the surface containing hydrophilic modification solution obtained in the step (3)2Placing the aerogel board in a far infrared drying furnace, drying at 120 deg.C for 0.5 hr, cooling to below 50 deg.C, taking out, and drying to obtain SiO2The cross section of the aerogel powder is detected, and the detection result shows that the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer is 2.2 mu m;
(5) weighing the modified SiO prepared in the step (4) in sequence according to the mixture ratio2Mixing aerogel powder, 425 ordinary portland cement, semi-hydrated gypsum, a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, sodium citrate, magnesium hydroxide and microcapsule-coated octadecane by a dry method to obtain a dry mixture;
(6) adding water and acrylic emulsion into the dry mixture obtained in the step (5) to perform wet mixing to obtain a wet mixture;
(7) preparing a foam, namely foaming a foaming agent solution consisting of a foaming agent, acrylic emulsion and water by using a foaming machine, wherein the volume ratio of the animal protein foaming agent to the water is 1:0.05:80, so as to prepare the foam;
(8) mixing the wet mixture obtained in the step (6) with the foam, and mechanically stirring for 1min to obtain SiO2Aerogel foam concrete. Table 5 shows SiO obtained in this example2And (4) performing 28d standard maintenance on the aerogel foam concrete.
TABLE 5 SiO2Performance index of aerogel foam concrete
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A preparation method of super heat-insulating aerogel foam concrete adopts the following steps to prepare SiO2Aerogel foam concrete:
(1) detection of SiO to be treated by contact Angle measuring apparatus2The contact angle of the surface of the aerogel powder and water is 55 degrees, and then the SiO with the particle size of 56 mu m is used2Placing the aerogel powder in a vacuum heating furnace, placing the weighed hexamethyldisilazane in the vacuum heating furnace by using a container, heating and gasifying, and carrying out hydrophobic modification for 1.5h to obtain hydrophobic SiO2Aerogel powder, detecting hydrophobic SiO with contact angle measuring instrument2The contact angle between the surface of the aerogel powder and water is 147 degrees;
(2) weighing ethanol, n-hexane and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:1:100 at room temperature, uniformly mixing, and preparing a surface hydrophilic modification solution;
(3) according to hydrophobic SiO2Weighing the surface hydrophilic modification solution according to the volume ratio of aerogel powder to the surface hydrophilic modification solution of 1:3, pouring the surface hydrophilic modification solution into a corresponding container, and adding the hydrophobic SiO obtained in the step (1)2Mixing the aerogel powder with the surface hydrophilic modification solution, performing ball milling treatment for 25min, taking out and filtering;
(4) SiO with the surface containing hydrophilic modification solution obtained in the step (3)2Placing the aerogel powder in far infrared drying furnace, drying at 120 deg.C for 0.5 hr, cooling to below 50 deg.C, taking out, and mixing with SiO2The cross section of the aerogel powder is detected, and the detection result shows that the thickness of the surface hydrophilic layer is 7.9 mu m;
(5) weighing the modified SiO prepared in the step (4) in sequence according to the mixture ratio2Aerogel powder, 425 ordinary portland cement, ceramsite, redispersible latex powder, hydroxymethyl cellulose and polycarboxylic acidCarrying out dry mixing on a water reducing agent and sodium sulfate to obtain a dry mixed material;
(6) adding water into the dry mixture obtained in the step (5) for wet mixing to obtain a wet mixture;
(7) foaming the aqueous solution containing the animal protein foaming agent by using a foaming machine, wherein the volume ratio of the animal protein foaming agent to water is 1:20, and preparing a foam;
(8) mixing the wet mixture obtained in the step (6) with the foam obtained in the step (7), and mechanically stirring for 1min to obtain SiO2Aerogel foam concrete.
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| CN109987963A (en) * | 2017-12-30 | 2019-07-09 | 卢锋 | A kind of aerogel composite and preparation method thereof |
| CN109574563A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-04-05 | 贵州安凯达实业股份有限公司 | A kind of waterproof foam concrete and preparation method thereof |
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| CN112723911B (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-07-27 | 河北工业大学 | Regenerated powder-based inorganic cementing material toughening and crack reducing foaming agent and application thereof |
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