CN101691800B - A general-purpose external wall thermal insulation composite material and its application method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an external wall thermal insulation composite material and an application method. The composite material includes an inorganic hollow microbead polymer composite insulation layer combined with an inorganic hollow microbead polymer composite insulation layer on the inner and outer layers of the hard foam polyurethane layer, an anti-crack mortar layer is provided on the outer layer of the inorganic hollow microbead polymer composite insulation layer, and an anti-crack mortar layer is combined on the outer layer of the anti-crack mortar layer. Wall decoration layer. The application method is: sequentially coat the inner layer of hollow microbead polymer composite insulation layer, rigid foam polyurethane, outer layer of hollow microbead polymer composite insulation layer on the outer wall to be treated, and the outer layer of hollow microbead polymer composite insulation layer. The anti-cracking mortar layer is coated on the outside of the layer, and the wall decoration surface layer is coated on the outer layer of the anti-cracking mortar layer. The invention has good heat insulation and heat preservation performance, fast construction method, strong adaptability to the main structure, high flame retardancy level, energy saving and environmental protection, and is suitable for heat preservation of various walls and floors, especially external wall heat preservation.

Description

A general-purpose external wall thermal insulation composite material and its application method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of wall thermal insulation materials and the application of the materials, in particular to a general-purpose external wall thermal insulation composite material applied to the external walls of buildings and an application method thereof.

Background technique

At present, most of the wall insulation uses extruded boards and polystyrene boards. These two kinds of insulation panels are all spliced on the wall through small pieces to form the insulation layer of the wall. Horizontal and vertical gaps are likely to occur at the splicing, thereby reducing the thermal insulation effect. Extruded boards and polystyrene boards are not high in flame retardancy, easy to burn, and poor in fire protection. Extruded board and polystyrene board are completely closed-cell systems, which affect the breathability of the entire wall. Users will inevitably generate water vapor indoors during use, and water vapor will penetrate into the wall to varying degrees, but the outside has been covered. Wrapped in a completely impermeable insulation layer, it is difficult for moisture to evaporate from the wall. In this way, the water vapor accumulated in the wall for a long time will cause the wall to delaminate and fall off.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a wall that is well integrated with the wall, does not produce cold and heat bridges, does not bulge, does not crack, and has a good thermal insulation effect; and is easy to construct and has strong adaptability; Combustibility is good; And the general-purpose external wall insulation composite material with good air permeability and its application method.

Technical scheme of the present invention comprises:

A general-purpose external wall thermal insulation composite material, the inner and outer layers of the rigid polyurethane foam layer are sequentially combined with an inorganic hollow microbead polymer composite thermal insulation layer, and the outer layer of the inorganic hollow microbead polymer composite thermal insulation layer is combined with an anti-cracking mortar layer , the outer layer of the anti-cracking mortar layer is combined with a wall decorative surface layer, and the wall decorative surface layer is a mixed layer comprising a waterproof layer formed by a polymer emulsion elastic primer and a flexible water-resistant putty layer; the inorganic hollow The material components of the microbead polymer composite insulation layer include 70-80 parts by weight of inorganic hollow microspheres, 0.5-1.5 parts by weight of redispersible latex powder, 1.5-2.5 parts by weight of hydroxypropyl methyl fiber, 1.5-2.5 parts by weight The polypropylene short fiber of weight part, the calcium formate of 0.1-0.5 weight part, the cement of 20-30 weight part; The described anti-cracking mortar layer material component comprises: the cement of 30-40 weight part and 40-50 weight part Quartz sand, 5 parts by weight of redispersible latex powder, 3 parts by weight of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, 2 parts by weight of wood fiber, 3 parts by weight of water retaining agent, and 2 parts by weight of nail strengthening agent.

Alkali-resistant grid cloth is embedded in the crack-resistant mortar layer.

The application method of general-purpose external wall thermal insulation composite material, (1) material preparation: the material components of the inorganic hollow microbead polymer composite thermal insulation layer and water are reconciled into a paste at a weight ratio of 1:0.6-0.7, which is crack-resistant The material components of the mortar layer are mixed with water in a weight ratio of 4:0.8-1.2 to form a mortar; (2) construction steps: (1) coat the outer wall with a thickness of 10-30mm once or several times Inner layer hollow microbead polymer composite insulation layer, (2) Utilize spraying equipment to spray rigid foam polyurethane on the inner layer hollow microbead polymer composite insulation layer of the inner layer, and the thickness of each spraying is controlled within 10mm, ( 3) Coating the outer layer of hollow microbead polymer composite insulation layer on the outer layer of rigid foam polyurethane layer, the coating method and steps (1), (4) coating the outer layer of the outer layer of hollow microbead polymer composite insulation layer with anti-cracking Mortar material, embedded or not embedded in the alkali-resistant grid cloth, (5) coating the decorative surface layer of the wall.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. Good heat insulation and heat preservation performance, low thermal conductivity, the thermal conductivity measured by sampling is between 0.017-0.023, the energy saving effect is remarkable, less heat preservation materials are required, and the cost is low.

2. The construction method is fast, no gaps will be generated, the integrity is good, and it has good waterproof performance, so as to avoid cold (hot) bridge phenomenon well, and it is easy to maintain.

3. The thermal insulation material itself has good cohesiveness, and it can achieve good bonding with building structural materials such as walls. Good thermal performance and bonding performance, strong adaptability to the main structure, strong stability, no cracking.

4. Good flame retardancy: the high temperature of the inorganic hollow microbead polymer composite material can reach above 1000 ℃, and it is carbonized after burning, and it will directly become powdery, which will not cause danger; the inorganic hollow microbead polymer composite material can reach a higher resistance. flammability level.

5. It can adapt to the actual shape of the building and meet the insulation requirements of different buildings, including special-shaped buildings and special-shaped parts of buildings, corners, doors and windows and other parts that can be directly sprayed on site.

6. Energy saving and environmental protection: insulating grease and inorganic hollow microbead polymer composite materials can achieve green environmental protection and energy saving.

7. Good breathability: the material used in the insulation layer is a semi-closed system with a closed cell rate greater than 93%, which is breathable and impervious to water, and the water absorption rate is less than 4%, so that the internal and external air circulation is formed to make the whole house in a breathing state, ensuring the wall Won't fall off.

8. Since there is no cavity between the overall thermal insulation material of the outer wall and the wall, the overall wind resistance performance is improved, and the service life can be as long as more than 60 years.

9. Light load on the wall: The overall insulation material of the outer wall has a light specific gravity, and the load on the wall is light.

10. The overall thermal insulation material for external walls is suitable for thermal insulation of various walls and floors, especially external wall thermal insulation.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawing is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. In the picture: 1 is the base wall, 2 is the inorganic hollow bead polymer insulation layer, 3 is the rigid foam polyurethane layer, 4 is the alkali-resistant mesh cloth, 5 is the anti-cracking mortar layer, and 6 is the decorative surface layer of the wall , 7 is a waterproof layer, and 8 is a flexible water-resistant putty layer.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, a general-purpose external wall thermal insulation composite material is sequentially combined with an inorganic hollow microbead polymer composite thermal insulation layer 2 on the inner and outer layers of the rigid polyurethane foam layer 3, and an inorganic hollow microbead polymer composite thermal insulation layer 2 on the outer layer. The surface layer is combined with an anti-cracking mortar layer 4, and the outer layer of the anti-cracking mortar layer 4 is combined with a wall decoration surface layer 6. The wall decoration surface layer 6 is a mixed layer comprising a waterproof layer 7 formed by a polymer emulsion elastic primer and a flexible water-resistant putty layer 8 . Among them: the inorganic hollow microsphere polymer composite insulation layer material components include 70-80 parts by weight of inorganic hollow microspheres, 0.5-1.5 parts by weight of redispersible latex powder, and 1.5-2.5 parts by weight of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose , 1.5-2.5 parts by weight of polypropylene short fibers, 0.1-0.5 parts by weight of calcium formate, and 20-30 parts by weight of cement. The anti-cracking mortar layer material components include: 30-40 parts by weight of cement and 40-50 parts by weight of quartz sand, 5 parts by weight of redispersible latex powder, 3 parts by weight of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, 2 parts by weight of wood fiber, 3 parts by weight of water-retaining agent, and 2 parts by weight of nail-strengthening agent. Alkali-resistant grid cloth is embedded in the crack-resistant mortar layer (selectively used according to the wall construction thickness and strength requirements).

The application method of general-purpose external wall thermal insulation composite material, (1) material preparation: the material components of the inorganic hollow microbead polymer composite thermal insulation layer and water are reconciled into a paste at a weight ratio of 1:0.6-0.7, which is crack-resistant The material components of the mortar layer are mixed with water in a weight ratio of 4:0.8-1.2 to form a mortar; (2) construction steps: (1) coat the outer wall with a thickness of 10-30mm once or several times Inner layer hollow microbead polymer composite insulation layer, (2) Utilize spraying equipment to spray rigid foam polyurethane on the inner layer hollow microbead polymer composite insulation layer of the inner layer, and the thickness of each spraying is controlled within 10mm, ( 3) Coating the outer layer of hollow microbead polymer composite insulation layer on the outer layer of rigid foam polyurethane layer, the coating method and steps (1), (4) coating the outer layer of the outer layer of hollow microbead polymer composite insulation layer with anti-cracking Mortar material, embedded or not embedded in the alkali-resistant grid cloth, (5) coating the decorative surface layer of the wall.

Rigid polyurethane foam is a two-component material that combines polyether and isocyanic acid as the main material, and is sprayed by professional equipment. Using on-site spraying construction, the thermal conductivity is only 0.018-0.024w/(m.k), good bonding performance, good waterproof performance, good on-site spraying construction integrity, excellent thermal resistance, water tightness, and impact resistance. It has strong adaptability to structural deformation, good crack resistance, fast construction and easy maintenance, and is the best among current composite thermal insulation materials.

Product introduction of some of the raw materials: (1) Inorganic hollow microbeads are an acidic glassy lava mineral, produced and processed in an electric furnace to form inorganic hollow microbeads with porous interiors, vitrified surfaces and spherical particles. A new type of inorganic lightweight thermal insulation material with high performance. The main chemical components are SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, the particle size is 0.1-1.0mm, the bulk density is 100-300kg/m3, the thermal conductivity is 0.028-0.048W/m.K, the sphere vitrification rate is greater than 95%, and the water absorption rate is less than 50 %. Due to the surface vitrification to form a certain particle strength, the physical and chemical properties are very stable, the aging resistance and weather resistance are strong, and it has excellent heat insulation, fire prevention, sound absorption and heat preservation performance. In the building materials industry, inorganic hollow microspheres can replace ordinary expanded perlite and polystyrene particles as lightweight filler aggregates for various products, and have better cost performance. In particular, our country strongly recommends the application of new energy-saving and environmentally friendly building materials. At this stage, various fire-resistant and flame-retardant boards, sand-calcium boards, glass magnesium boards, gypsum boards and artificial cultural stones are produced by the flow method, copying method, and pouring method. Using inorganic hollow microspheres as lightweight aggregates can improve the ease of fluidity and self-resistance strength of mortar, reduce material shrinkage, improve product comprehensive performance, and reduce comprehensive production costs. (2) Redispersible latex powder (that is, rubber powder) is a powder binder made by spray-drying a special emulsion (high molecular polymer). This powder can quickly redisperse to form an emulsion after contacting with water, and has the same properties as the initial emulsion, that is, a film can be formed after the water evaporates. This film has high flexibility, high weather resistance and resistance to various High adhesion to substrates. Redispersible latex powder is a "green environmental protection, building energy-saving, high-quality multi-purpose" powder building material, an essential and important functional additive for dry-mixed mortar. It can improve the performance of mortar, increase the strength of mortar, and improve the quality of mortar Bonding strength with various substrates, improving the flexibility and deformability, compressive strength, flexural strength, wear resistance, toughness, adhesion, water retention capacity and constructability of mortar. In addition, the hydrophobic latex powder can make the mortar very waterproof. Redispersible latex powder is mainly used in: interior and exterior wall putty powder, tile adhesive, tile pointing agent, dry powder interface agent, exterior wall insulation mortar, self-leveling mortar, repair mortar, decorative mortar, waterproof mortar, etc. In dry mix mortar. SWF-01(H) is a VAC homopolymerized redispersible latex powder. (3) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (i.e. plant fiber), ① has a strong ability to maintain moisture without loss, ② plays a better role in increasing tone and improving adhesion ③ can form transparent, flexible, strong sex film. (4) Polypropylene short fiber (ie PP fiber), ① can improve the crack resistance, impermeability and abrasion resistance of the mortar very well, ② can play a very good role in micro-reinforcement, and improve the anti-freeze and explosion-proof ability . (5) Calcium formate improves the early strength of the mortar, has good freeze-thaw resistance, and can be used for negative temperature construction. (6) For cement, use national standard grade 4.25 alkali-resistant cement. (7) Early-strength agent is also called high-efficiency waterproof enhancer. This product is based on the self-waterproof mechanism of non-shrink concrete structure. Rigid multi-functional waterproof reinforced composite material, which has the advantages of good crack resistance and seepage resistance, high strength, fast curing and easy construction. In order to meet the requirements of different construction environments and conditions, the product is divided into two types: early-strength type (TOR303-I) and retarded type (TOR303-II). The product quality conforms to the national building materials industry JC474-1998 standard and the relevant national standard JB8076-97. (8) Water-retaining agent is also called super absorbent resin. This product is white powder or colorless and transparent resin particles. It is non-toxic, tasteless, non-corrosive, and easy to absorb. It quickly swells into hydrogel after seeing water, and the gel strength is strong. , High water absorption rate, fast water absorption speed, can store 150-400 times the water of its own weight, good water retention performance, and repeated water absorption performance. This product does not absorb oil and is insoluble in organic solvents. Easy to react with calcium, magnesium, copper, ammonium ions, etc., and easy to mix with various substances. Water-retaining agent is insoluble in water, but it can absorb water equivalent to a hundred times its own weight. The saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil is increased, thereby slowing down the speed of soil water release, reducing the infiltration and loss of soil water, and achieving the purpose of water retention. All the above raw materials can adopt existing products.

The optimal ratio (parts by weight) of the inorganic hollow microsphere polymer composite insulation layer material in the above-mentioned embodiment is as follows: 7.3 parts of inorganic hollow microspheres, 0.1 part of redispersible latex powder, 0.2 part of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, 0.2 parts of polypropylene short fiber, 0.02 parts of calcium formate, and 2.2 parts of cement. The optimum proportioning ratio (parts by weight) of the anti-crack mortar layer material comprises: 35 parts by weight of cement and quartz sand of 45 parts by weight, redispersible latex powder of 5 parts by weight, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose of 3 parts by weight, 2 parts by weight Parts by weight of wood fiber, 3 parts by weight of water-retaining agent, and 2 parts by weight of nail-strengthening agent. When in use, take a certain amount of the inorganic hollow microbead polymer composite thermal insulation material according to engineering needs, then add water and stir evenly. Its mixing quality can be judged by observing its operability, slip resistance, paste state and its wet apparent density. When smearing, the inorganic hollow microbead polymer composite thermal insulation material should be no more than 20mm each time, and the interval should be about 4 hours. The deviation of the flatness should not be more than ±4mm. The coating thickness of the inorganic hollow microbead polymer composite thermal insulation material should be slightly higher than the height of the marked ribs. Then use a ruler to scrape it flat, and use a trowel to repair it locally. The rigid polyurethane foam is sprayed on the hollow microbead polymer composite insulation layer of the inner layer in stages by using spraying equipment, and the thickness of each spraying is controlled within 10mm. On the solidified rigid polyurethane foam layer, an outer layer of hollow microbead polymer composite insulation layer is coated, and the coating method is the same as above. Embed alkali-resistant grid cloth in the crack-resistant mortar layer according to the requirements of on-site use. Because the inorganic hollow microbead polymer composite insulation layer 2 has a certain bonding performance, the wall decoration layer 6 can be directly covered on the crack-resistant mortar layer 5 surface.

A small amount of perlite and carbon fiber can also be selectively added to the raw materials of the hollow microbead polymer composite thermal insulation layer and the anti-crack mortar layer in the above embodiments.

Claims (3)

1. A general-purpose external wall thermal insulation composite material is characterized in that: the inner and outer layers of the rigid polyurethane foam layer are sequentially combined with an inorganic hollow microbead polymer composite thermal insulation layer, and the inorganic hollow microbead polymer composite thermal insulation layer outer layer of the outer layer Combined with an anti-cracking mortar layer, a wall decorative surface layer is combined on the outer layer of the anti-cracking mortar layer, and the wall decorative surface layer is a mixed layer comprising a waterproof layer formed by a polymer emulsion elastic primer and a flexible water-resistant putty layer ; The described inorganic hollow microsphere polymer composite insulation layer material component includes 70-80 weight parts of inorganic hollow microspheres and 0.5-1.5 weight parts of redispersible latex powder, 1.5-2.5 weight parts of hydroxypropyl methyl base fiber, 1.5-2.5 parts by weight of short polypropylene fibers, 0.1-0.5 parts by weight of calcium formate, and 20-30 parts by weight of cement; the composition of the anti-cracking mortar layer material includes: 30-40 parts by weight of cement And 40-50 parts by weight of quartz sand, 5 parts by weight of redispersible latex powder, 3 parts by weight of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, 2 parts by weight of wood fiber, 3 parts by weight of water-retaining agent, 2 parts by weight of early strong agent. 2. The general-purpose external wall thermal insulation composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: an alkali-resistant grid cloth is embedded in the crack-resistant mortar layer. 3. according to the application method of claim 1 or 2 described general-purpose external wall thermal insulation composite materials, it is characterized in that: (1) preparation of material: the material component of inorganic hollow microbead polymer composite thermal insulation layer and water press 1 : The weight ratio of 0.6-0.7 is reconciled into a paste, and the material components of the anti-cracking mortar layer and water are reconciled into a mortar material by a weight ratio of 4: 0.8-1.2; (2) construction steps: (1) The outer wall of the outer wall is coated with an inner hollow microbead polymer composite insulation layer with a thickness of 10-30mm once or several times. On the composite insulation layer, the thickness of each spraying is controlled within 10mm, (3) the outer layer of hollow microbead polymer composite insulation layer is coated on the outer layer of the hard foam polyurethane layer, and the coating method is the same as that of step (1), (4) Coating the anti-cracking mortar material on the outer layer of the hollow microbead polymer composite thermal insulation layer, with or without embedding alkali-resistant grid cloth, (5) coating the decorative surface layer of the wall.

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