CN107258032A - 具有改进的状态监控的蓄电池组件 - Google Patents

具有改进的状态监控的蓄电池组件 Download PDF

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CN107258032A
CN107258032A CN201680010658.8A CN201680010658A CN107258032A CN 107258032 A CN107258032 A CN 107258032A CN 201680010658 A CN201680010658 A CN 201680010658A CN 107258032 A CN107258032 A CN 107258032A
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secondary battery
battery unit
signal
unit
network node
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CN107258032B (zh
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H·克勒曼
J·P·施密特
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/12—Recording operating variables ; Monitoring of operating variables
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
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    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
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    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

本发明涉及一种蓄电池组件，包括：多个串联连接的蓄电池单元；一个中央网络节点，其构造用于通过蓄电池单元传输数据并且其连接到蓄电池单元的串联电路上；多个单元网络节点，它们构造用于通过蓄电池单元传输数据，其中，每个单元网络节点与一个蓄电池单元并联连接；控制装置，其构造用于至少一个第一单元网络节点，向该第一单元网络节点连接所在的第一蓄电池单元施加具有至少一个预定频率的测试信号，并且指示连接到第二蓄电池单元上的第二单元网络节点，基于第二蓄电池单元对测试信号的信号响应确定第二蓄电池单元的至少一个状态。

Description

具有改进的状态监控的蓄电池组件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种蓄电池组件，其可被更好地监控，尤其是用于电驱动车辆的蓄电池组件。
背景技术
在电驱动车辆中、如纯电驱动装置或既包括内燃机又包括电动机的所谓混合动力驱动装置中使用蓄电池组件，这些蓄电池组件包括多个串联和/或并联连接的电池单元。所述电池单元可组合成模块。另外也可使用两个蓄电池组件，它们分别具有多个串联连接的电池单元。蓄电池单元可以是所谓的锂离子电池。在运行期间、即在充电或放电期间，必须监控蓄电池单元的状态。例如必须持续监控电池单元的充电状态。为此为每个电池单元设置单独的电子监控装置。每个电子监控装置与中央电池监控装置(例如通过控制器局域网路总线)连接。技术挑战在于从第一个到最后一个蓄电池单元的数个100伏的高电压差。因此必须在控制器局域网路总线和中央电池监控装置上设置耗费的绝缘。DE112002002265T5公开了一种与固体二次电池有关的阻抗分析。WO2009/024355A1公开了一种用于确定阻抗谱以位置选择性显示蓄电池中容量分布、电阻分布和能量密度分布的方法。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，提供一种改进的蓄电池组件和改进的用于确定蓄电池单元状态的方法，该方法不需要高成本的绝缘。
本发明的任务通过根据权利要求1所述的蓄电池组件和根据权利要求8所述的方法来解决。从属权利要求要求保护各扩展方案。
根据本发明的蓄电池组件包括多个串联和/或并联连接的蓄电池单元、一个中央网络节点、多个单元网络节点和一个控制装置。中央网络节点构造用于通过蓄电池单元传输数据。中央网络节点例如借助至少一个耦合电容器无参考电势地(bezugspotenzialfrei)连接到蓄电池单元的串联电路上。多个单元网络节点中的每个单元网络节点构造用于通过蓄电池单元传输数据。每个单元网络节点与一个蓄电池单元并联连接。控制装置构造用于指示连接到第一蓄电池单元上的至少一个第一单元网络节点，向第一蓄电池单元施加具有至少一个预定频率的测试信号，并且指示连接到第二蓄电池单元上的第二单元网络节点，基于第二蓄电池单元对测试信号的信号响应确定第二蓄电池单元的至少一个状态。
中央网络节点和多个单元网络节点构成网络，该网络通过能量供应线路和多个蓄电池单元传输数据。这种通过电网的数据传输在能源技术中称为电力线通信(PLC)。
测试信号可具有预定频率。由此可确定蓄电池单元中的电阻和电容。例如蓄电池单元在充电时膨胀，由此频率响应变化。预定频率可在约1MHz至约30MHz的范围中。
本发明的优点在于通过蓄电池单元和连接蓄电池单元的线路的数据传输可省却附加的总线以及总线的绝缘。由此可降低蓄电池组件制造及其维护的耗费。
测试信号可以是阻抗分析的信号和/或频率响应分析的信号。阻抗分析和/或频率响应分析可采用使用多个不同载波频率的传输方法的载波频率。传输方法可以是正交频分多路复用(OFDM)方法。
单元网络节点作为测试信号可使用这样的信号，其被用来确定多个潜在载波频率时传输信道的带宽。这具有下述优点：可使用现有装置和算法来确定蓄电池单元的状态，尽管这些装置最初设置用于检测传输信道的带宽。这种方法在可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)领域中被称为“信道探测”。
单元网络节点和/或控制装置可构造用于借助测试信号至少确定蓄电池单元的充电状态、蓄电池单元的老化、蓄电池单元的内阻、蓄电池单元的温度和/或作用于蓄电池单元的机械应力。充电状态、老化、内阻、温度和作用于蓄电池单元的机械应力改变频率响应。因此可借助测试信号确定这些状态，测试信号优选具有多个预定频率。单元网络节点可构造用于，在测试信号施加到蓄电池单元上时，检测在预定频率下测试信号的衰减和信噪比。
本发明还涉及一种包括上述蓄电池组件的机动车。
本发明还涉及一种用于确定蓄电池组件的蓄电池单元状态的方法，所述蓄电池组件包括多个蓄电池单元的串联电路和/或并联电路，其中，每个蓄电池单元与一个单元网络节点并联连接。该方法将指示信号通过至少一个与第一单元网络节点并联连接的第一蓄电池单元从中央网络节点传输至与第二蓄电池单元并联连接的第二单元网络节点。当接收到指示信号时，通过第一单元网络节点向第一蓄电池单元施加具有至少一个预定频率的测试信号。当接收到指示信号时，基于第二蓄电池单元对于测试信号的信号响应确定第二蓄电池单元的状态。
该方法可如前面关于蓄电池组件说明的那样被扩展。此外，该方法可检测蓄电池单元的各状态，所述状态已在前面参考蓄电池组件说明。
测试信号可以是阻抗分析的信号、频率响应分析的信号，相应于具有多个不同载波频率的传输方法的载波频率的信号和/或相应于正交频分多路复用方法的载波频率的信号。
该方法可确定在预定频率下测试信号的衰减。替代或附加地，该方法可确定在预定频率下的信噪比。
本发明还公开了一种计算机程序产品，其在被加载到具有处理器的计算机的存储器中时实施上述方法。
附图说明
现在参考所附的并且非限制性的附图详细说明本发明。附图如下：
图1示出蓄电池单元的等效电路图；
图2a示出蓄电池单元的频率响应并且图2b示出蓄电池单元的相位响应；
图3示出根据本发明蓄电池组件的电路图。
具体实施方式
参考图1说明锂离子电池单元的等效电路，其由出版物“电池模型的建立和参数化”：彼得·凯尔、安德烈亚斯·乔森，慕尼黑工业大学，亚克斯大街21号，80333慕尼黑，电能存储技术教研室公开。电压源以Uocv建模。Ri相应于蓄电池单元100的内阻。第一RC电路(RC-Glied)RC1模拟低频时锂离子电池单元的弧形阻抗谱。第二RC电路RC2是所谓的沃伯格阻抗，其模拟理想的贮存器并且也模拟低频时的弧形阻抗谱。第三RC电路RC3也是沃伯格阻抗，其模拟较高频率时的阻抗谱。等效电路的各元件的值根据温度、充电状态和电流强度改变，这些关系基本上是非线性的。关于详细细节再次参考出版物“电池模型的建立和参数化”：彼得·凯尔、安德烈亚斯·乔森，慕尼黑技术大学，亚克斯大街21号，80333慕尼黑，电能存储技术教研室的公开内容，其内容通过引用纳入本文。
图2a示出10MHz至30MHz范围内锂离子电池单元的频率响应并且图2b示出10MHz至30MHz的频率的锂离子电池单元的相位响应。
图3示出蓄电池组件122，其包括蓄电池120和控制装置122以及中央网络节点114。蓄电池120包括多个串联连接的蓄电池单元100。多个蓄电池单元100的串联电路可组合成一个模块。模块可串联和/或并联连接。每个蓄电池单元100与一个单元网络节点106并联连接。蓄电池包括一个负极接头108和正极接头110。中央网络节点114通过耦合电容器112与蓄电池单元100的串联电路耦合。在中央网络节点114上不出现高电压，因为中央网络节点114与蓄电池单元100的串联电路电容耦合。因此，在中央网络节点114和控制装置122区域中未设置任何高要求的绝缘。中央网络节点114和控制装置122由电池116、如传统的汽车电池供电。
中央网络节点114可与单元网络节点106通信，其中，通信信号通过蓄电池单元100和引线传输至单元网络节点106。作为传输方法使用正交频分复用方法(OFMD)。中央网络节点114发出测试信号，该测试信号经过所有蓄电池单元100的串联电路，以便找到适合用于与单元网络节点106通信的信道。该方法在电荷子领域(Fachchargon)中被称为“信道探测”。
在中央网络节点114已经确定适合的传输信道之后，中央网络节点114可与单元网络节点106通信，反之亦然。控制装置122可经由中央网络节点114直接指示第一单元网络节点106：检测与第二单元网络节点106并联连接的第二蓄电池单元100的状态。为此单元网络节点106使用测试信号，其也用于确定第一和第二单元网络节点100之间适合的OFDM信道。测试信号具有约1MHz至约30MHz的频谱。在该频谱内确定衰减和信噪比。在所确定的频率响应和所确定的信噪比基础上，第二单元网络节点106或控制装置122基于参考图1所描述的蓄电池单元100的等效电路图确定等效电路各个网络元件的值。因此，单元网络节点106或控制装置122可确定各蓄电池单元的充电状态、各蓄电池单元的老化、各蓄电池单元的内阻、各蓄电池单元的温度和/或作用于各蓄电池单元的机械应力。
本发明的优点在于，无需耗费地绝缘用于确定蓄电池组件状态的各装置和各元件。此外，本发明的优点还在于不需要耗费的传感装置来监控蓄电池单元的状态并且可使用标准部件。

Claims (10)

1.蓄电池组件(124)，包括：
-多个串联和/或并联连接的蓄电池单元(100)；
-中央网络节点(114)，所述中央网络节点构造用于通过蓄电池单元(100)传输数据并且中央网络节点连接到蓄电池单元(100)的串联电路上；
-多个单元网络节点(106)，它们构造用于通过蓄电池单元(100)传输数据，其中，每个单元网络节点(106)与一个蓄电池单元(100)并联连接；
-控制装置(122)，其构造用于指示至少一个第一单元网络节点(106)，向所述第一单元网络节点(106)连接所在的第一蓄电池单元(100)施加具有至少一个预定频率的测试信号，并且指示连接到第二蓄电池单元(100)上的第二单元网络节点(106)，基于第二蓄电池单元(100)对测试信号的信号响应确定第二蓄电池单元(100)的至少一个状态。
2.根据权利要求1所述的蓄电池组件(124)，其特征在于，所述测试信号是阻抗分析的信号和/或频率响应分析的信号。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的蓄电池组件(124)，其特征在于，所述阻抗分析和/或频率响应分析借助使用多个载波频率的传输方法的载波频率进行。
4.根据权利要求3所述的蓄电池组件(124)，其特征在于，所述调制方法是正交频分多路复用方法。
5.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的蓄电池组件(124)，其特征在于，所述单元网络节点(106)和/或控制装置(122)构造用于，借助测试信号确定下述状态至少之一：
-蓄电池单元(100)的充电状态；
-蓄电池单元(100)的老化；
-蓄电池单元(100)的内阻；
-蓄电池单元(100)的温度；
-作用于蓄电池单元(100)的机械应力。
6.根据权利要求1至5之一所述的蓄电池组件(124)，其特征在于，所述单元网络节点(106)构造用于，在测试信号施加到蓄电池单元(100)上时，检测在预定频率下测试信号的衰减和信噪比。
7.机动车，包括根据权利要求1至6之一所述的蓄电池组件(124)。
8.用于确定蓄电池组件(124)的蓄电池单元状态的方法，所述蓄电池组件包括多个蓄电池单元(100)的串联电路和/或并联电路，其中，每个蓄电池单元(100)与一个单元网络节点(106)并联连接，所述方法包括下述步骤：
-将指示信号通过至少一个与第一单元网络节点(106)并联连接的第一蓄电池单元(100)从中央网络节点(114)传输至与第二蓄电池单元(100)并联连接的第二单元网络节点(106)；
-当接收到指示信号时，通过第一单元网络节点(106)向第一蓄电池单元(100)施加具有至少一个预定频率的测试信号；并且
-当接收到指示信号时，基于第二蓄电池单元(100)对于测试信号的信号响应确定第二蓄电池单元(100)的至少一个状态。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述测试信号至少是下列之一：
-阻抗分析的信号；
-频率响应分析的信号；
-相应于具有多个载波的传输方法的载波频率的信号；
-相应于正交频分多路复用方法的载波频率的信号。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的方法，其特征在于下述步骤至少之一：
-确定在预定频率下测试信号的衰减；
-确定在预定频率下的信噪比。
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