CN107249869A - 制粒装置 - Google Patents
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- CN107249869A CN107249869A CN201680009829.5A CN201680009829A CN107249869A CN 107249869 A CN107249869 A CN 107249869A CN 201680009829 A CN201680009829 A CN 201680009829A CN 107249869 A CN107249869 A CN 107249869A
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- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000153955 Reynoutria sachalinensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000003202 Reynoutria sachalinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000005748 Achyranthes aspera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005517 Achyranthes aspera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000003433 Miscanthus floridulus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000878006 Miscanthus sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010849 combustible waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002916 wood waste Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B30B11/005—Control arrangements
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- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01D91/00—Methods for harvesting agricultural products
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01D61/008—Elevators or conveyors for binders or combines for longitudinal conveying, especially for combines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01D69/00—Driving mechanisms or parts thereof for harvesters or mowers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D82/00—Crop conditioners, i.e. machines for crushing or bruising stalks
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F15/00—Baling presses for straw, hay or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
- B01J2/22—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by pressing in moulds or between rollers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B30B11/207—Feed means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
- B30B11/20—Roller-and-ring machines, i.e. with roller disposed within a ring and co-operating with the inner surface of the ring
- B30B11/201—Roller-and-ring machines, i.e. with roller disposed within a ring and co-operating with the inner surface of the ring for extruding material
- B30B11/208—Roller constructions; Mounting of the rollers
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
- C10L5/36—Shape
- C10L5/363—Pellets or granulates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
- C10L5/445—Agricultural waste, e.g. corn crops, grass clippings, nut shells or oil pressing residues
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
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- C10L2200/0469—Renewables or materials of biological origin
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- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/06—Heat exchange, direct or indirect
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/50—Screws or pistons for moving along solids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种制粒装置,该制粒装置构造为沿着田地引导的茎秆作物收获机并且紧接着带有碎草机(2)的拖拉机(1)具有柴油发动机(7),该柴油发动机驱动发电机(13)以及环形模压制机(9)。被切碎的茎秆作物到达干燥空间(5)中并且通过螺旋输送机(8)到达环形模压制机(9)中。其环形模(17)支承在位于支座(19)上的环形轴承(18)中,用于轮碾辊(16)的一对偏转杠杆(20)也铰接在该支座上。由发电机(13)馈电的电驱动马达(11)通过调节器(12)驱动螺旋输送机(8),并且作用到偏转杠杆(20)上的调节马达(23)调节轮碾间隙。所述调节器(12)根据柴油发动机(7)的喷射需求和/或由挤压压力被控制。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制粒装置,其尤其是用于沿着田地引导的、移动式的茎秆作物收获机,该制粒装置包括内置的内燃机、例如柴油发动机、用于利用内燃机废热预热由碎草机供给的茎秆作物的预热装置、用于茎秆作物的螺旋输送机并且具有粒料压制机,其中,所述内燃机驱动发电机,该发电机通过切换装置馈电给驱动马达和调节马达。
背景技术
这种装置由EP2289682A已知。
生物物质是一种再生原料并且作为重要的能量载体。然而对于茎秆作物状的生物物质、即例如收割残余物如秸秆,以及对于能量作物如芒草、酸叶、黄花稔或虎杖产生经济问题。由于小的堆积比重(最大130kg/m3的秸秆捆),可使用的压坯的物流成本、操作成本以及制造成本超过经济价值,从而选择传统的能量载体。这遗憾的是,因为通常的能量作物在土壤上生长,这些土壤在质量上不适合用于耕种粮食作物。所述能量作物大多是多年生的并且具有深根,从而例如在15年内的种子的成本仅发生一次。此外,所述作物非常强壮并且几乎不需要施肥或使用农药。所述作物将CO2储存在土壤中,特别是因为根部以多达4m的深度延伸,并且因此对土壤改良做出贡献。因此目标是,在可持续能源政策的意义中找到一种技术可能性,该可能性允许用于能量转化的经济利用。
根据US5622037已知,物流节约能够通过如下方式实现,即,在一个工作过程中直接在田地上当场加工形成压坯,例如对于作为能量载体的粒料而言。当然,在该美国文献中所公开类型的收获机造成了购买成本和运行成本,该购买成本和运行成本与由在该文献中使用的压制机和驱动器得出的结果不相协调。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的在于,在能量收支平衡方面改进上述类型的制粒装置。这通过如下方式实现,即,内燃机也驱动具有至少一个轮碾辊的环形模压制机的环形模。因此,所使用的具有轮碾辊的环形模压制机直接由柴油发动机驱动,而移动式的收获机的其它组件具有可调节的电驱动马达,其电流由柴油发电机的供电提供。因此,所述发电机不必如根据开头提到的EP2289682A一样是大功率的。
在一种具体的实施形式中,所述柴油发动机仅设置用于对生物物质进行加工。该柴油发动机由于待驱动的发电机而以恒定的转速工作。为了补偿功率波动而改变喷射量。按照本发明的一种构造形式,其中一个切换装置是用于螺旋输送机转速的调节器。作为根据在压制机中的反作用力进行调节的替代形式适宜的是,所述调节器由以恒定转速工作的柴油发动机的与负载相关地可变的喷射燃料量控制,并且用于给环形模压制机供料的螺旋输送机的驱动马达与该喷射量成反比地调节。提高喷射量导致减少螺旋输送机的转速。如果较少的生物物质被供应给环形模压制机,然后环形模压制机的负担减轻并且柴油驱动器可以再次以减少的喷射量工作。
优选地,所述轮碾辊构造为圆柱形的空心筛辊。由此,环形模压制机的效果加倍,因为不仅环形模而且轮碾辊具有穿孔并且压坯不仅在外部积累在环形模的周壁面上而且在内部积累在轮碾辊的圆柱面上。
结构单元有利地由拖拉机牵拉,该拖拉机在前侧具有碎草机。被粉碎的生物物质从所述碎草机中越过拖拉机借助鼓风机供应给所述制粒装置。所述环形模压制机具有调节马达,所述调节马达通过自锁的传动装置作用到平行的各偏转杠杆上,这些偏转杠杆侧向包围并且支承所述轮碾辊,并且这些偏转杠杆的倾斜度能够被调节,以确定相对于环形模的内周壁面的轮碾间隙。所述结构能够实现向压制区域中平的进给角度。这对于生物物质是有利的,由于小的堆积比重。所述轮碾间隙通过调节器根据挤压压力进行调节,该挤压压力通过在偏转杠杆上、例如轴承上的传感器(压电元件)测量。此外适宜的是,所述偏转杠杆支承在底座上,并且该底座也支承环形模压制机的环形模的环形轴承并且承受它们的反作用力。由此将结构上的花费减少到少量的构件上。所述反作用力可以被测量并且作为控制参数用于调节轮碾间隙以及供应的生物物质的量。
当生物物质已经被预压缩地到达粒料压制机时,总效率得到显著改进。因此适宜的是,为了预压缩生物物质,螺旋输送机具有漏斗形的壳体元件、尤其是多个焊接到壳体内部中的且分布在周边上的杆,这些杆形成锥体包络面的母线。由US3664097本身已知一种在圆锥形收尾的壳体中的螺旋输送机。该螺旋输送机指定装配在割草机上并且应该将切割的草压缩成颗粒。
按照生物物质的类型以及在前侧安装在拖拉机上的碎草机的类型,细碎草机还可以连接于在输送给粒料压制机之前的预热装置的上游。
在一种简单的商业通用的螺旋输送机中,该螺旋输送机具有在圆柱形周壁面之内的螺旋面,中间空间相对于螺旋输送机壳体的体积可以朝向出口被减少,其方式为所述杆在周边上朝向出口会聚。由此得出生物物质的容纳在周边间隙中的体积沿输送方向逐渐减少并且在粒料压制机入口处的材料密度增大。
按照本发明的制粒装置可以直接在田地上用作收获机或也例如在收获时间之外没有拖拉机的情况下完全独立地在静止运行中(独立)工作。
附图说明
在附图中示出一种实施例。该附图示意性地一种作为茎秆作物收获机的、用于直接在田地上使用的制粒装置的构造。
具体实施方式
牵引机、在此是拖拉机1在前侧装备有碎草机2。所述碎草机将例如谷物秸秆、向日葵秸秆、玉米作物或玉米秸秆或仅出于制造生物物质的目的栽种的生物制品(“能量作物”)如虎杖或芒草切割和粉碎。被粉碎的生物物质通过鼓风机3到达由拖拉机1牵拉的收获机4中。所述收获机(必要时紧接着细碎草机)具有作为干燥空间5的入口区域,该干燥空间具有换热器6,其例如为干燥空间5的至少部分壳体的形式。该换热器6与柴油发动机7连接,其废热给供应给换热器6。在干燥空间5中临时存储的已收割的生物物质由螺旋输送机8排出并且在通往环形模压制机9的路径上被压缩。为此,壳体10和/或螺旋输送机本身构造成圆锥形的。在所述壳体的圆柱形实施方式中也可以在壳体10中在内部设置杆,这些杆构成锥体包络面的母线并且在此朝向螺旋输送机8的出口汇聚(收敛)。所述螺旋输送机具有电驱动马达11,该驱动马达通过调节器12由发电机13馈电。所述发电机13以恒定的转速通过柴油发动机7进行驱动,该柴油发动机通过传动装置14驱动环形模压制机9。如果柴油发动机7的负载由于环形模压制机9的提高的力需求而提高,则为了保持柴油发动机7的恒定转速而喷射更多的燃料。这样的消耗形成用于调节器12的控制参数,如通过箭头15表示。在喷射量增加时,调节器12降低螺旋输送机8的转速,从而环形模压制机9被供给较少的生物物质并且因此负担减轻。柴油发动机7的消耗减少。
在所述实施例中,环形模压制机9利用轮碾辊16工作,该轮碾辊16在此同样构造为圆柱形的空心筛辊。
环形模17本身在边缘侧相应地支承在保持环中或辊轴承类型的环形轴承18中,该保持环或辊轴承由支座19保持。此外,所述支座19也容纳一对平行设置的偏转杠杆20的偏转轴承,这些偏转杠杆呈叉形地包围环形模17和轮碾辊16并且支承该轮碾辊16(轴承21)。主轴22分别将所述两个偏转杠杆20的自由端部与电调节马达23连接,在轮碾辊16与环形模17之间的轮碾间隙可以通过该调节马达调节。在太高的挤压力时,在所述实施例中偏转杠杆20通过调节器12以及调节马达23可以向右偏转并且所述轮碾间隙变大。用于调节轮碾间隙的其它标准是积累的生物物质(例如秸秆或木屑)的特性、其湿度以及颗粒的机械质量。
不仅从轮碾辊16的内部而且在外部在环形模17上在轮碾间隙的区域中积累的颗粒被收集(杯24)并且借助鼓风机或输送带被输送到料仓25中并且根据需要到达输出口26中。所述布置结构的优点在于环形模压制机9的紧凑的实施方式,该环形模压制机具有支座19和支承在该支座上的、用于轮碾辊16的偏转杠杆20,并且优点在于使用柴油发动机7作为压制机驱动器,并且柴油发动机也作为用于可调节的驱动马达和调节马达11和23的发电机驱动装置。如果收获机4不在田地上被使用,则该收获机可以静止地并且独立于拖拉机1和碎草机2地例如利用树林的木材废料或利用其它的废料运行。这在如下时间中具有更大的意义,在该时间中没有田地作物可供用于制造颗粒。停止后的收获机4也完全是可运行的并且可以由粉碎的木材或小的粉碎可燃烧的废料制造颗粒。
Claims (7)
1.一种制粒装置,其尤其是用于沿着田地引导的、移动式的茎秆作物收获机(4),该制粒装置包括:内置的内燃机(7)、例如柴油发动机;用于利用内燃机(7)的废热预热由碎草机(2)供给的茎秆作物的预热装置;用于茎秆作物的螺旋输送机(8);以及粒料压制机,其中,所述内燃机(7)驱动发电机(13),该发电机通过切换装置馈电给驱动马达和调节马达(11、23),其特征在于,所述内燃机(7)也驱动具有至少一个轮碾辊(16)的环形模压制机(9)的环形模(17)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制粒装置,其特征在于,其中一个所述切换装置是用于所述螺旋输送机(8)的转速的调节器(12)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制粒装置,其特征在于,所述调节器(12)由以恒定转速工作的柴油发动机(7)的与负载相关地可变的喷射燃料量控制,并且所述用于给环形模压制机(9)供料的螺旋输送机(8)的驱动马达(11)是与该喷射量成反比地被调节的。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的制粒装置,其特征在于,所述轮碾辊(16)构造为圆柱形的空心筛辊。
5.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的制粒装置,其特征在于,所述调节马达(23)通过自锁的传动装置作用到平行的各偏转杠杆(20)上,这些偏转杠杆侧向包围并且支承所述轮碾辊(16)并且这些偏转杠杆的倾斜度能够被调节,以确定相对于环形模(17)的内周壁面的轮碾间隙。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制粒装置,其特征在于,所述偏转杠杆(20)支承在底座(19)上,并且该底座也支承环形模压制机(9)的环形模(17)的环形轴承(18)并且承受它们的反作用力。
7.根据权利要求1至6之一所述的制粒装置,其特征在于,为了预压缩生物物质,螺旋输送机(8)具有漏斗形的壳体元件、尤其是多个焊接到壳体(10)内部中的且分布在周边上的杆,这些杆形成锥体包络面的母线。
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PCT/AT2016/050027 WO2016127196A2 (de) | 2015-02-11 | 2016-02-11 | Pelletiereinrichtung |
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CN111804240A (zh) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-23 | 华润江中制药集团有限责任公司 | 一种中药材加工用制粒机 |
CN112219540A (zh) * | 2020-09-14 | 2021-01-15 | 淮阴工学院 | 一种草坪收割清理回收机及其使用方法 |
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AT519102B1 (de) * | 2016-12-09 | 2018-04-15 | Josef Schaider Privatstiftung | Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Pellets |
DE202017000789U1 (de) | 2017-02-14 | 2017-06-27 | Helmut Altepost | Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Pellets |
DE102019004935B4 (de) * | 2019-07-12 | 2023-07-20 | SLS Systementwicklungen GmbH | Verfahren zur Feldsammlung von Halmgütern und Herstellung hochverdichteter Halmgutaggregate |
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CN113181835A (zh) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-07-30 | 黑龙江省科学院智能制造研究所 | 一种废热再利用生物质颗粒料成型机 |
EP4180218A1 (de) * | 2021-11-12 | 2023-05-17 | Maschinenfabrik Bermatingen GmbH & Co. KG | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von pellets |
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BR112017016704A2 (pt) | 2018-04-10 |
CA2976041A1 (en) | 2016-08-18 |
EA032548B1 (ru) | 2019-06-28 |
US10368493B2 (en) | 2019-08-06 |
EA201791784A1 (ru) | 2017-12-29 |
EP3256311B1 (de) | 2019-08-21 |
CN107249869B (zh) | 2019-09-27 |
AT516796A1 (de) | 2016-08-15 |
US20180027740A1 (en) | 2018-02-01 |
WO2016127196A3 (de) | 2016-10-13 |
EP3256311A2 (de) | 2017-12-20 |
WO2016127196A2 (de) | 2016-08-18 |
MX2017010260A (es) | 2018-02-26 |
AT516796B1 (de) | 2018-02-15 |
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