CN107247181B - A kind of digitization frequencies stable measurement method of total reponse time - Google Patents
A kind of digitization frequencies stable measurement method of total reponse time Download PDFInfo
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- CN107247181B CN107247181B CN201710270861.5A CN201710270861A CN107247181B CN 107247181 B CN107247181 B CN 107247181B CN 201710270861 A CN201710270861 A CN 201710270861A CN 107247181 B CN107247181 B CN 107247181B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R23/00—Arrangements for measuring frequencies; Arrangements for analysing frequency spectra
- G01R23/02—Arrangements for measuring frequency, e.g. pulse repetition rate; Arrangements for measuring period of current or voltage
- G01R23/14—Arrangements for measuring frequency, e.g. pulse repetition rate; Arrangements for measuring period of current or voltage by heterodyning; by beat-frequency comparison
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of digitization frequencies stable measurement methods of total reponse time, this method is under digital environment, applied clock cursor effect and digital rim effect inhibit quantization error present in Digital Measuring Technique, and the phase difference two signals is measured in conjunction with digital phase detection algorithm, frequency stability is obtained by phase difference, realizes the frequency stability measurement of total reponse time.The accurate measurement of the transient state stability, short-term stability and long-term stability in different frequency source may be implemented in the method, inherently discloses the frequency stability in different frequency source with the changing rule of response time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to frequency and the measuring technique of frequency stability, the especially total reponse times in different frequency source
Frequency stability measurement.It is widely used in communication, electronic engineering, navigator fix, Field of Time and Frequency etc..
Background technique
Traditional frequency stability measurement method has very much, such as by the phase coincidence method of phase difference measurement, between the time
Every measurement and double mixing time difference methods, pass through the beat method of frequency measurement, frequency multiplication method and analog interpolation etc., these measurements
Method is all based on greatly gate counting, can only measure the frequency stability of ms or more, and mostly pass through meter in the environment of simulation
Number gates measure, although certain measurement accuracy can be reached, that there is single-point zero passage detections is more sensitive to noise,
Strictly to link performance requirement, the problems such as route limited resolution, and can not be too short due to counting gate, lead to not obtain
The frequency stability index of shorter time, but shake of the measurement of the frequency stability of these shorter times for frequency source,
The description of real-time short-term instability degree and distal end phase noise plays an important role.
In view of these situations, it proposes and carries out phase difference measurement under digital platform, analog signal is passed through into analog-to-digital conversion
Device is transformed into digital signal, controls the sample clock frequency of analog-digital converter, and the digital signal made has number
Confusion region inhibits quantization error using digital edge effect, obtains the phase difference between signal in conjunction with phase demodulation algorithm, to obtain frequency
Rate stability.The comprehensive frequency stability of frequency source is grasped with the changing rule of response time, can inherently distinguish frequency
The phase or frequency in rate source control, this is also the technology that the necessary to master of institute is improved to frequency source.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of digitization frequencies stable measurement methods of total reponse time, realize not
The measurement of the transient state stability, short-term stability and long-term stability in same frequency source, it is intended to inherently disclose different frequency source
Frequency stability with the response time changing rule, crossover frequency source phase or frequency control.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is that: a kind of digitization frequencies stable measurement method of total reponse time, it is special
Sign is, under digital environment, adjusts the sample clock frequency of analog-digital converter, keeps sampled clock signal and analog-digital converter defeated
Entering has clock cursor effect between signal.Using this effect, digital mixer and digital filtering are replaced with analog-digital converter
Device extracts the digital Beat Signal between sampled clock signal and input signal, and the digital Beat Signal obtained in this way has number
Confusion region, and the instantaneous phase of input signal is remained, frequency synthesizer is suitably adjusted, digital Beat Signal is made to compare letter
Number phase zero crossing region have more sampled points, completed by phase demodulation algorithm to the instantaneous phase of zero crossing area sampling point
Extraction, realize the measurement of transient state stability.Inhibit quantization error in combination with digital edge effect, equally passes through phase demodulation algorithm
The phase difference of measured signal and reference signal is obtained, realizes the measurement of short-term frequency stability and long-term frequency stability.
In conjunction with clock cursor effect, replacing digital mixer and low-pass filter to complete with analog-digital converter, number is lower to be become
Frequently, the digital Beat Signal that it is obtained, each sampled point are the input signals for being directed to analog-digital converter, sampled point according to
The old instantaneous phase that maintain original signal can obtain the transient state stability of signal by extracting this prompting message.
When measuring transient state stability, two channels of measured signal and reference signal difference input analog-to-digital converter, two
Channel samples two paths of signals under the control of the same sampling clock, the appropriate frequency for adjusting phase shifter and sampled clock signal
Rate, makes more samples in the phase zero crossing region of signal, carries out arcsine to the sampled point in these zero crossing regions
Phase demodulation, the instantaneous phase obtained between reference signal and measured signal is poor, calculates instantaneous frequency stability by instantaneous phase difference.
The frequency stability measurement method of total reponse time, which is characterized in that the sampled point positioned at signal zero-crossing region
Corresponding phase resolution highest, the linearity is best, phase resolution highest corresponding to analog-digital converter.At zero crossing
Phase resolution PpCalculation formula are as follows:
U in formulaccFor the measuring range of analog-digital converter, UcFor the maximum amplitude of analog-digital converter input signal, fAFor
The frequency of input signal.
The frequency for adjusting sampling clock, makes sample clock frequency and frequency input signal meet clock cursor effect condition:
f0=fs+Δf(f0And fsRespectively indicate the nominal frequency of input signal and the frequency of sampling clock), at this moment input signal and adopt
Phase difference variation between sample clock signal has special regularity, i.e., every to pass through a sampling period, sampled clock signal
Opposite Δ t can be pulled open with the rising edge of input signal, the amplitude between two corresponding sampled points increases or reduces Δ u,
And this variation is using the least common multiple one number time between sampled clock signal and input signal as mechanical periodicity.
Δ t=Ts-T0 (2)
If the digit of analog-digital converter is N, measuring range Ucc, then analog-digital converter can be differentiated minimum voltage becomes
It turns toAssuming that the input signal of analog-to-digital conversion device isSo analog-digital converter is adopted
Sample process is as follows:
Wherein TsFor the sampling period, n=1,2,3 ....By f0=fs+ Δ f is brought into (2), is obtained:
Abbreviation obtains (4) formula:
From formula (4) as can be seen that analog-digital converter input be frequency be f0Signal, by quantization after, output
Be frequency be Δ f=fs-f0Signal, such analog-digital converter just completes with down coversion.
The size of two neighboring sample amplitude difference Δ u is as follows:
Δ u=y ((m+1) TB)-y(mTB) (6)
Wherein m is the positive integer greater than zero, and abbreviation obtains:
Δ u=y (mTB+TA-Δt)-y(mTB)=y (mTB-Δt)-y(mTB) (7)
If Δ u < Ucc/(2N- 1), i.e., the variation of adjacent double sampling amplitude is less than the resolution ratio of analog-digital converter, then
Analog-digital converter can not differentiate the amplitude size of this adjacent double sampling and they are quantized into the same value, and here it is moduluses to turn
Caused by the lack of resolution of parallel operation.Δ t is very small in practical application, and therefore, analog-digital converter can export many same magnitudes
Point, and from macroscopically, the data of analog-digital converter quantization output will be step-like, and each step is exactly a number
Word confusion region.
The frequency stability measurement method of total reponse time, which is characterized in that each number confusion region is by many etc.
The identical groups of samples of the quantized value at interval at.The quantized value size of the sampled point of different confusion regions is all different, adjacent fuzzy
The quantized value difference 1 of the sampled point in section.In the same confusion region, representated by the sampled point positioned at different location in confusion region
Phase information it is all different, the size of quantization error is also different: the remoter sampled point of range ambiguity district center, quantization miss
Difference is bigger.On the contrary, the sampled point that range ambiguity district center is closer, quantization error is smaller, and among each confusion region
There are one and the smallest sampled point of true value deviation, positioned at the center of confusion region.
The frequency stability measurement method of total reponse time, which is characterized in that the sampled point in the same number confusion region
True amplitude it is different, the true amplitude size in the same number confusion region between neighbouring sample point differs Δ u, therefore,
Can be to the successively label of the point in confusion region, marked as 1, other are successively increased, and are compensated in this way at the edge of confusion region
The resolution ratio of analog-digital converter is improved, or directly takes the edge of confusion region, in addition fixed compensation, with such side
Formula gets true value or the sampled point close to true value, inhibits the quantization error in digital measurement.
The frequency stability measurement method of total reponse time, which is characterized in that in short-term frequency stability and long run frequency
In the measurement of stability, for reference signal, according to the size of the least common multiple one number time of sampled clock signal and input signal,
The edge sample points for choosing the same confusion region in zero crossing region every time carry out phase demodulation, obtain the phase of reference signal.And it is right
In measured signal, there is a frequency difference because measured signal and reference signal are not from the same source, between them, cause to correspond to
Sampled point be not located at the edge of confusion region in zero crossing region, therefore in the measurements, need to calculate these sampled points from
The distance at confusion region edge compensates rear phase demodulation to it, obtains the phase of measured signal.By the two phase values obtain by
The phase difference between signal and reference signal is surveyed, short-term and long-term frequency stability are calculated.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is realization block diagram of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the principle of the present invention figure.
Fig. 3 is short-term and long-term frequency stability measuring principle figure of the invention.
Fig. 4 is high stability crystal oscillator self-correcting frequency stability figure of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the frequency stability figure of rubidium clock of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the frequency stability figure of crystal oscillator of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the frequency stability figure of DDS of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The specific embodiment of the frequency stability measurement method of total reponse time is illustrated in fig. 1 shown below, and is broadly divided into Fig. 1
Analog portion and numerical portion.Analog portion is mainly the design of analog-digital converter input channel, the main mould realized to input
Quasi- signal is filtered and anti-noise jamming processing.It is designed on printed board cabling in the analog input signal channel of analog-digital converter
At differential pair, in layout between each channel symmetrically, noise jamming can be reduced.The effect of frequency synthesizer in Fig. 1 is
The quantizing process of analog-digital converter is controlled, clock cursor effect is formed.Phase shifter is adjusted in transient state stability measurement, can be made
More samples are in the zero crossing region of signal.Numerical portion is mainly responsible for the realization of algorithm.Analog-digital converter output
Digital signal first pass through a quasi- Gaussian filter, mainly eliminate the random noise of a part of analog-digital converter, it is then sharp
The inhibition of quantization error is carried out with digital edge effect.The FIFO of one certain length of quadrant judgement is realized, passes through judgement
The sign bit of the size and data of the both ends FIFO and intermediate data judges quadrant locating for digital signal.Arcsine algorithm is used
Cordic algorithm realizes that the obtained phase difference of measurement is sent to the calculating that single-chip microcontroller carries out frequency stability.
Assuming that the expression formula of measured signal is yx=Axsin(2πf0t+φx(t)), the expression formula of reference signal is y0=
A0sin(2πf0t+φ0(t)), sample frequency fs=f0+Δf(Δf<<f0), after being sampled by analog-digital converter, complete with
Down coversion, the digital signal of two channels output is such as shown in (7):
N=1 in formula, 2 ..., TsFor the sampling period.By fs=f0+ Δ f brings abbreviation into, obtains (8):
To analog-digital converter output digital signal phase demodulation, the instantaneous phase of the digital signal exported:
Reference signal and the phase difference of measured signal such as (10) are shown:
Phase difference between the output signal in two channels is as shown in (11):
The phase difference of reference signal and measured signal is obtained by (10) and (11) abbreviation:
WhereinThen
Therefore, there is one times for the original phase difference of the phase difference after analog-digital converter phase demodulation and two input signals
Number relationship.
When measuring transient state stability, two channels of measured signal and reference signal difference input analog-to-digital converter, two
Channel samples two paths of signals under the control of the same sampling clock, the appropriate frequency for adjusting phase shifter and sampled clock signal
Rate, makes more samples in the zero crossing region of signal, carries out arcsine phase demodulation to the sampled point in these zero crossing regions,
The instantaneous phase obtained between reference signal and measured signal is poor, calculates instantaneous frequency stability, measurement by instantaneous phase difference
Principle is as shown in Figure 2.
F in Fig. 2xAnd f0Respectively indicate the frequency of measured signal and reference signal, θiAnd βiRespectively indicate signal zero-crossing
Angle corresponding after each sampled point phase demodulation in region.The frequency and f of sampled clock signalxAnd f0Between deviation to use up
It measures small, or deviation can be allowed to be essentially 0.TmaxIndicate the least common multiple one number time of sampled clock signal and reference signal.By scheming
2 it is found that in a cycle measured signal relative to reference signal instantaneous phase difference be Δ p:
In the measurement of short-term frequency stability and long-term frequency stability, for reference signal, believed according to sampling clock
Number and input signal least common multiple one number time size, choose the edge sampling of the same confusion region in zero crossing region every time
Point carries out phase demodulation, obtains the phase of reference signal.And for measured signal, because measured signal and reference signal are not from together
There is a frequency difference in one source between them, corresponding sampled point is caused to be not located at the edge of confusion region in zero crossing region,
Therefore in the measurements, need to calculate these sampled points with a distance from the edge of confusion region, rear phase demodulation is compensated to it, is tested
The phase of signal.The phase difference between measured signal and reference signal is obtained by the two phase values, is calculated in short term and long-term
Frequency stability.Measuring principle figure is as shown in Figure 3.
F in Fig. 3s-fxAnd fs-f0It respectively indicates measured signal and reference signal to convert by analog-digital converter, after output
The frequency of digital signal.θ in Fig. 3 indicates angle corresponding after sampled point phase demodulation in reference signal zero crossing region, β and β '
Measured signal at this time respectively corresponds to the angle after sampled point phase demodulation, the two sampled points might not be in the zero crossing of measured signal
Region.TmaxIndicate the least common multiple one number time of sampled clock signal and reference signal.That of sampled reference signal is used in Fig. 3
The digital signal of a channel output takes the edge of some step of zero crossing region every time, and generally all taking quantized value is 0 and quantization
Edge of the value between 1 two steps, and take every time equally, it is f for frequency therefores-f0Digital signal because often
The position of the secondary sampled point taken is identical, therefore angle corresponding every time is same.And for measured signal, corresponding output frequency
Rate is fs-fxDigital signal be not edge, therefore in the measurements, need to calculate the distance at these sampled point destage rank edges,
And it is compensated, if this compensation is γ and γ ', then phase difference p1Are as follows:
In the measurement of short-term and long-term stability, does not need the sampled point for taking reference signal all and carry out quantization error
Processing, but reference signal zero crossing is only taken according to the size of least common multiple one number time between reference signal and sampled clock signal
Neighbouring sampled point is handled.The reason is that calculating the phase difference that frequency stability does not need each sampled point, and zero passage
The point in point region can not only eliminate linearity error, and the variation maximum slope of the point in zero crossing region, analog-to-digital conversion
Phase resolution highest corresponding to device.And for measured signal, due to the reality between the identical signal source of two nominal values
Frequency be it is devious, therefore, with the extension of comparison time, the phase difference between two signals changes at 0 degree to 360 degree, because
This can not accomplish the sampled point that zero crossing region is also only taken for measured signal, but also can use the inhibition of digital edge effect
Quantization error.
Fig. 4 is the experimental result picture that constant-temperature crystal oscillator self-correcting is carried out on Fig. 1 experiment porch, and Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7 divide
It is not on experiment porch to the measurement result of rubidium atomic clock, crystal oscillator and DDS total reponse time frequency stability.
It should be understood that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is not intended to restrict the invention, although ginseng
According to previous embodiment, invention is explained in detail, for those skilled in the art, still can be to preceding
It states technical solution documented by embodiment to modify, or part of technical characteristic is replaced on an equal basis.
All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done, should be included in
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of digitization frequencies stable measurement method of total reponse time, which is characterized in that under digital environment, adjust mould
The sample clock frequency of number converter makes have clock vernier between sampled clock signal and analog-digital converter analog input signal
Effect is extracted between sampled clock signal and analog-digital converter analog input signal using this effect with analog-digital converter
Digital Beat Signal, the digital Beat Signal obtained in this way have digital confusion region, and it is defeated to remain analog-digital converter simulation
Enter the instantaneous phase of signal；When measuring transient state stability, measured signal and reference signal difference two of input analog-to-digital converter
Channel, two channels sample measured signal and reference signal under the control of the same sampled clock signal；Appropriate adjust is moved
The frequency of phase device and sampled clock signal makes digital Beat Signal have more samplings in the phase zero crossing region for comparing signal
Point is completed to realize the measurement of transient state stability, together to the extraction of the instantaneous phase of zero crossing area sampling point by phase demodulation algorithm
When combine digital edge effect inhibit quantization error, the instantaneous phase of measured signal and reference signal is obtained by phase demodulation algorithm
Difference calculates instantaneous frequency stability by instantaneous phase difference, realizes the measurement of short-term frequency stability and long-term frequency stability.
2. the digitization frequencies stable measurement method of total reponse time according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be located at
Phase resolution highest corresponding to the sampled point in signal zero-crossing region, the linearity is best, phase corresponding to analog-digital converter
Bit resolution highest, the phase resolution P at zero crossingpCalculation formula are as follows:
U in formulaccFor the measuring range of analog-digital converter, UcFor the maximum amplitude of analog-digital converter input signal, fAFor input letter
Number frequency, N refers to the digit of analog-digital converter.
3. the digitization frequencies stable measurement method of total reponse time according to claim 1, which is characterized in that each
Digital confusion region is all by the identical groups of samples of many equally spaced quantized values at the amount of the sampled point of different digital confusion region
Change value size is all different, the quantized value difference 1 of the sampled point of consecutive number word fuzzy interval, in the same digital confusion region,
Phase information representated by sampled point positioned at different location in digital confusion region is all different, and the size of quantization error is also different
Sample: the remoter sampled point of the fuzzy district center of distance number, quantization error is bigger, on the contrary, closer apart from the fuzzy district center of number
Sampled point, quantization error is smaller, and there are one and true value deviation is the smallest adopts among each digital confusion region
Sampling point, positioned at the center of digital confusion region.
4. the digitization frequencies stable measurement method of total reponse time according to claim 3, which is characterized in that same
The true amplitude of sampled point in number word confusion region is different, true between neighbouring sample point in the same number confusion region
Amplitude size differs Δ u, therefore, can be to the successively label of the point in confusion region, and the edge of confusion region is marked as 1, other are successively
Increase, compensation is in this way to improve the resolution ratio of analog-digital converter, or directly takes the edge of confusion region, in addition one
True value or the sampled point close to true value are got in fixed compensation in this way, inhibit the quantization in digital measurement
Error.
5. the digitization frequencies stable measurement method of total reponse time according to claim 1, which is characterized in that measurement
When short-term and long-term frequency stability, for reference signal, according to sampled clock signal and analog-digital converter analog input signal
Least common multiple one number time size, the edge sample points for choosing the same digital confusion region in zero crossing region every time reflect
Phase obtains the phase of reference signal；And for measured signal, need to calculate corresponding sampled point from digital confusion region edge away from
From compensating rear phase demodulation to it, obtain the phase of measured signal；Measured signal is obtained by the two phase values and with reference to letter
Phase difference between number calculates short-term and long-term frequency stability.
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| CN108710026B (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2020-05-05 | 东南大学 | Frequency stability measuring method and system based on high-precision phase frequency analysis |
| CN109374966A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-02-22 | 国网重庆市电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of mains frequency estimation method |
| CN110007150B (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2021-01-22 | 河北远东通信系统工程有限公司 | Linear phase comparison method for direct digital phase processing |
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| CN110988463A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-04-10 | 西安电子科技大学 | Method for accurately acquiring signal frequency and frequency stability through digital phase comparison |
| CN111999559B (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2021-08-31 | 西安电子科技大学 | Digital linear phase comparison method based on double ADCs |
| CN113466670B (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2022-01-18 | 绅克半导体科技(苏州)有限公司 | Time delay measuring circuit, AC calibration device and IC measuring device |
| CN115865079B (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-08-01 | 复旦大学 | High-precision phase difference measuring device and method for main clock link and standby clock link |
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