CN107245809A - 一种抗菌非织造布及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗菌非织造布及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107245809A
CN107245809A CN201710617419.5A CN201710617419A CN107245809A CN 107245809 A CN107245809 A CN 107245809A CN 201710617419 A CN201710617419 A CN 201710617419A CN 107245809 A CN107245809 A CN 107245809A
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antibacterial
woven
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李绍亮
杨旭辉
苏步安
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JOFO ZHAOQING WEBFORMER CO Ltd
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    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
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    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
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    • D04H1/4382Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10Other agents for modifying properties
    • D01F1/103Agents inhibiting growth of microorganisms
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
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    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
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    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326Condensation or reaction polymers
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/48Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
    • D04H1/485Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation in combination with weld-bonding

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种抗菌非织造布及其制备方法。抗菌非织造布的制备方法,包括如下步骤:制备抗菌纤维、开清抓棉、梳理、交叉铺网、针刺和轧光热定型。由于丙纶纤维的熔点低,成型性好,易于后加工;涤纶短纤维耐蠕变、耐抗疲劳性、耐磨擦和尺寸稳定性好,磨耗小而硬度高,成本低;粘胶纤维具有良好的吸湿性,并具有光滑凉爽、透气、抗静电、染色绚丽等特性。故抗菌非织造布由抗菌丙纶短纤维、抗菌涤纶短纤维、抗菌粘胶短纤维中的任意两种或三种混合制成,兼具多种纤维的优点,并可相互弥补缺点,形成更完美的产品,三种纤维均为抗菌纤维能够长期有效的抑制细菌及净化空气。

Description

一种抗菌非织造布及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及无纺布生产制造技术领域,具体涉及一种抗菌非织造布及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前家具中,床垫、沙发用非织造布,普遍使用机织布、纺粘非织造布或针刺无纺布布。而床垫、沙发,因清洁困难,受人体汗渍、尘埃等的影响,往往成为螨虫的温床,看似普通的床垫,螨虫繁殖最为严重,即使是看起来很干净,如果3年没清洁过,床垫上面的细菌数量至少超过10亿,螨虫的排泄物和肢体碎片是引发皮肤与呼吸道过敏的重要原因,可导致慢性荨麻疹、过敏性哮喘、过敏性鼻炎等疾病。现有技术中也存在一些具有抗菌效果的抗菌丙纶非织造布,抑菌粒子单一,抗菌效果一般,并且随着时间的推移抗菌效果将逐渐减弱。
发明内容
本申请提供一种具有抗菌效果好,持续时间长的抗菌非织造布及其制备方法。
根据第一方面,一种实施例中提供一种抗菌非织造布的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
制备抗菌纤维:将含有抑菌粒子的母粒分别与丙纶和涤纶热熔混合制成抗菌丙纶短纤维和抗菌涤纶短纤维;将抗菌剂加入纺丝原液中制成的抗菌粘胶短纤维;
开清抓棉:将所述抗菌丙纶短纤维、抗菌涤纶短纤维、抗菌粘胶短纤维中的任意两种或三种混合成混合纤维;
梳理:去除所述混合纤维中的杂质;
交叉铺网:将去除杂质的混合纤维铺成相互交叉的若干层纤维网;
针刺:先后通过预刺和主刺将若干层的纤维网针刺在一起;
轧光热定型:将针刺后的纤维网轧光热定型成抗菌非织造布。
进一步地,开清抓棉过程中,将抗菌丙纶短纤维、抗菌涤纶短纤维、抗菌粘胶短纤维三者混合成混合纤维。
进一步地,抗菌丙纶短纤维、抗菌涤纶短纤维、抗菌粘胶短纤维三者按照40%:40%:20%的比例混合成混合纤维。
进一步地,母粒中含有纳米竹碳、纳米锌和银离子三种抑菌粒子中的一种或多种。
进一步地,抗菌丙纶短纤维、抗菌涤纶短纤维、抗菌粘胶短纤维的线密度均为1.6~17dtex,纤维长度均为51~96mm。
进一步地,纤维网铺3~4层。
进一步地,主刺均包括上刺和下刺。
进一步地,热定型之前进行红外预热处理。
进一步地,热定型的温度为130~220℃。
根据第二方面,一种实施例中提供一种抗菌非织造布,抗菌非织造布由上述抗菌非织造布的制备方法制备而成。
依据上述实施例的抗菌非织造布的及其制备方法,由于丙纶纤维的熔点低,成型性好,易于后加工;涤纶短纤维耐蠕变、耐抗疲劳性、耐磨擦和尺寸稳定性好,磨耗小而硬度高,成本低;粘胶纤维具有良好的吸湿性,并具有光滑凉爽、透气、抗静电、染色绚丽等特性。故抗菌非织造布由抗菌丙纶短纤维、抗菌涤纶短纤维、抗菌粘胶短纤维中的任意两种或三种混合制成,兼具多种纤维的优点,并可相互弥补缺点,形成更完美的产品,三种纤维均为抗菌纤维能够长期有效的抑制细菌及净化空气。
附图说明
图1为一种实施例中抗菌非织造布的制备方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例一:
在本实施例中提供了一种抗菌非织造布的制备方法,如图1所示,具有如下步骤:
S101:制备抗菌纤维;
抗菌丙纶短纤维和抗菌涤纶短纤维的制备:将纳米竹碳、纳米锌和银离子三种抑菌粒子中一种或多种混合制成母粒,再将母粒分别与丙纶和涤纶热熔混合,再通过纺丝工艺纺成抗菌丙纶短纤维和抗菌涤纶短纤维。其中,含有纳米竹碳、纳米锌和银离子三种抑菌粒子的的母粒的加入量为2%~5%(母粒占混合总量的2%~5%,2%~5%为在长期生产实践中得出的最优含量,本含量的抗菌涤纶短纤维具有足够的抗菌除臭功能,也将成本控制在最低)。
抗菌粘胶短纤维的制备:将抗菌剂加入粘胶纤维生产过程中的纺丝原液中制备成抗菌粘胶短纤维。
在丙纶和涤纶纤维中增加纳米竹碳、纳米锌和银离子抑菌粒子,使得生产出的抗菌丙纶短纤维和抗菌涤纶短纤维具有抗菌除臭的功能,本抗菌涤纶短纤维不含铬、镉、溴化联苯(PBB)、溴化联苯乙醚(PBDF)等有害物质,对环境和人畜无害,符合环保的要求,具有吸附异味、消除体臭、降低空气有害气体浓度等作用。在其他实施例中,在涤纶纤维中增加纳米竹碳、纳米锌和银离子三种抑菌粒子中的一种或几种,同样具有较好的抗菌效果。
S102:开清抓棉;
选用三台抓棉机,该机具有料斗精确称量的特点,能满足按设定比例精确混料的要求,本方案设定的原料配比为抗菌丙纶短纤维:抗菌涤纶短纤维:抗菌粘胶短纤维,混和比例约为40%:40%:20%,开清抓棉机喂入称量分别为1600克、1600克和800克,将三者混合成混合纤维。
抗菌丙纶短纤维、抗菌涤纶短纤维、抗菌粘胶短纤维的线密度均优选为1.6~17dtex,长度均为51~96mm。在其他实施例中,也可混合抗菌丙纶短纤维、抗菌涤纶短纤维、抗菌粘胶短纤维中的任意两种制成混合纤维。
S103:梳理;
通过梳理机对抗菌丙纶短纤维、抗菌涤纶短纤维、抗菌粘胶短纤维的混合纤维进行梳理,去除杂质,及去除长度在51~96mm之外的纤维,梳理后的纤维混合物排列整齐,规格统一。设定棉网克重为40克每平方米,生产线速度为60%,理论产能可达每小时500Kg。
S104:交叉铺网;
通过交叉铺网机将上述的梳理后的混合短纤维铺成相互交叉的若干层纤维网,优先为3~4层纤维网,纤维网的宽度为5.2米,纤维网的层数和宽度规格都可根据需求设定。
S105:针刺;
本步骤通过针刺机将上述多层的纤维网针刺在一起,使得多层纤维网相互缠结,从而形成具有一定厚度的纤维布。
具体的,本例的针刺共设有三台针刺机,其中一台设置在前方用于预刺,另外两台相继设置在后方用于主刺,其中预刺的针刺机设置在纤维网的下方从下方针刺,随后的两台一台设置在纤维网的上方从上方针刺,另一台设置在纤维网的下方从下方针刺,从而纤维网先后经过下刺、上刺和下刺。由于第一次针刺为预刺其铺垫作用,故预刺密度低于主刺密度,且预刺的深度大于主刺的深度。本例优选的,三次针刺的密度分别为85c/cm2、100c/cm2和95c/cm2,针刺深度分别为10mm、8mm和6mm。三次针刺分别为上下交错针刺,使得纤维网上下缠结得更为均匀,缠结更为结实,从而针刺的纤维布具有很高的强度。在其他实施例中,针刺的次数及具体参数可根据实际需求调整。
S106:轧光热定型。
本步骤通过轧光设备对针刺后的纤维布进行热熔轧光,热定型的温度为130~220℃,热定型后的无纺布表明光滑,各向拉伸变形小,并且具有很好的柔软性,轧光后的纤维布最终制备成抗菌非织造布。
在本例中,为了提高轧光的效率,在轧光设备上装有附加的红外加热装置进行预热,纤维布经过红外预热后再进行轧光热定型,轧光热定型的瞬间温度不用太高也能完成定型,防止了由于热定型过程中由于瞬间没有达到纤维熔点导致的局部漏轧光。
丙纶纤维密度只有0.90~0.91g/rm,是目前所有塑料中最轻的品种之一。它对水特别稳定,在水中的吸水率仅为0.01%,熔点低,成型性好,易于后加工的特性。缺点是耐低温冲击性差,较易老化,染色性能差。
涤纶纤维耐蠕变、耐抗疲劳性、耐磨擦和尺寸稳定性好,磨耗小而硬度高,成本低。PET的缺点是结晶速率慢,成型加工困难。
粘胶纤维具有良好的吸湿性,在一般大气条件下,回潮率在13%左右。染色性与棉相似,染色色谱全,染色性能良好。粘纤的含湿率最符合人体皮肤的生理要求,具有光滑凉爽、透气、抗静电、染色绚丽等特性。粘胶纤维的缺点是牢度较差,湿模量较低,缩水率较高而且容易变形,弹性和耐磨性较差。
因此采用单一材质抗菌纤维生产的非织造布都具有一定的缺点和局限性,本发明将这几种具有抗菌功能的原料按照需要达到的性能要求进行两两搭配或者三者一起按照一定的比例进行充分混合后通过梳理成网、层叠铺网,再经针刺或者水刺法进行加固,热定型处理,制造出一种复合材质的,具有抗菌功能的非织造布。
本例提供的一种抗菌非织造布的制备方法,由于丙纶纤维的熔点低,成型性好,易于后加工;涤纶短纤维耐蠕变、耐抗疲劳性、耐磨擦和尺寸稳定性好,磨耗小而硬度高,成本低;粘胶纤维具有良好的吸湿性,并具有光滑凉爽、透气、抗静电、染色绚丽等特性。故抗菌非织造布由抗菌丙纶短纤维、抗菌涤纶短纤维、抗菌粘胶短纤维中的任意两种或三种混合制成,兼具多种纤维的优点,并可相互弥补缺点,形成更完美的产品,三种纤维均为抗菌纤维能够长期有效的抑制细菌及净化空气。
实施例二:
本例提供了一种抗菌非织造布,本抗菌非织造布由上述实施一的制备方法制备而成。
本抗菌非织造布由抗菌丙纶短纤维、抗菌涤纶短纤维、抗菌粘胶短纤维中的两种或三种混合制成,抗菌丙纶短纤维和抗菌涤纶短纤维均含有抗菌除臭的纳米竹碳、纳米锌和银离子三种抑菌粒子中的一种或多种,从而由多种纤维混合制成的抗菌非织造布具有抗菌除臭的功能,具有各向同性、尺寸稳定、不易变形、耐磨和拉伸性,可用于制作坐垫、沙发等人体常使用的家具的里布,用途广泛,并能长期使用。
以上应用了具体个例对本发明进行阐述,只是用于帮助理解本发明,并不用以限制本发明。对于本发明所属技术领域的技术人员,依据本发明的思想,还可以做出若干简单推演、变形或替换。

Claims (10)

1.一种抗菌非织造布的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
制备抗菌纤维:将含有抑菌粒子的母粒分别与丙纶和涤纶热熔混合制成抗菌丙纶短纤维和抗菌涤纶短纤维;将抗菌剂加入纺丝原液中制成的抗菌粘胶短纤维;
开清抓棉:将所述抗菌丙纶短纤维、抗菌涤纶短纤维、抗菌粘胶短纤维中的任意两种或三种混合成混合纤维;
梳理:去除所述混合纤维中的杂质;
交叉铺网:将去除杂质的混合纤维铺成相互交叉的若干层纤维网;
针刺:先后通过预刺和主刺将若干层的纤维网针刺在一起;
轧光热定型:将针刺后的纤维网轧光热定型成抗菌非织造布。
2.如权利要求1所述的抗菌非织造布的制备方法,其特征在于,所述开清抓棉过程中,将抗菌丙纶短纤维、抗菌涤纶短纤维、抗菌粘胶短纤维三者混合成混合纤维。
3.如权利要求2所述的抗菌非织造布的制备方法,其特征在于,所述抗菌丙纶短纤维、抗菌涤纶短纤维、抗菌粘胶短纤维三者按照40%:40%:20%的比例混合成混合纤维。
4.如权利要求1所述的抗菌非织造布的制备方法,其特征在于,所述母粒中含有纳米竹碳、纳米锌和银离子三种抑菌粒子中的一种或多种。
5.如权利要求1所述的抗菌非织造布的制备方法,其特征在于,所述抗菌丙纶短纤维、抗菌涤纶短纤维、抗菌粘胶短纤维的线密度均为1.6~17dtex,纤维长度均为51~96mm。
6.如权利要求1所述的抗菌非织造布的制备方法,其特征在于,所述纤维网铺3~4层。
7.如权利要求1所述的抗菌非织造布的制备方法,其特征在于,所述主刺均包括上刺和下刺。
8.如权利要求1所述的抗菌非织造布的制备方法,其特征在于,所述热定型之前进行红外预热处理。
9.如权利要求1所述的抗菌非织造布的制备方法,其特征在于,所述热定型的温度为130~220℃。
10.一种抗菌非织造布,其特征在于,所述抗菌非织造布由权利要求1至9中任一项所述的抗菌非织造布的制备方法制备而成。
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