CN107245435B - Device and method for producing methane through pyrolysis-biochemical coupling of organic solid wastes difficult to biochemically produce - Google Patents

Device and method for producing methane through pyrolysis-biochemical coupling of organic solid wastes difficult to biochemically produce Download PDF

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CN107245435B
CN107245435B CN201610971891.4A CN201610971891A CN107245435B CN 107245435 B CN107245435 B CN 107245435B CN 201610971891 A CN201610971891 A CN 201610971891A CN 107245435 B CN107245435 B CN 107245435B
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王凯军
常风民
徐恒
林华
张笑千
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    • C12P5/00Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C12P5/02Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
    • C12P5/023Methane
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

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Abstract

The device consists of a continuous feeding device, a medium-temperature pyrolysis chamber, a high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis chamber, a biochar storage tank, a gas-liquid separation and cooling device, a biological methane reactor, a control system and the like; the method comprises the steps of converting organic solid waste difficult to biochemistry into pyrolysis mixed gas mainly comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide and biochar in a medium-high temperature catalytic two-chamber pyrolysis furnace, externally discharging and storing the biochar through jacket type cooling, respectively introducing non-condensable gas and pyrolysis water containing water-soluble organic matters after separation and cooling into a biological methane-producing reactor, converting the non-condensable gas into methane-rich gas in the biological methane-producing reactor, and providing nutrition for microorganisms by the pyrolysis water and improving methane yield, so that the conversion of the organic solid waste difficult to biochemistry into methane is realized for high-quality clean resource utilization.

Description

Device and method for producing methane through pyrolysis-biochemical coupling of organic solid wastes difficult to biochemically produce
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste energy conversion containing organic matters, and particularly relates to a device and a method for producing methane by pyrolysis-biochemical coupling of organic solid waste difficult to biochemically produce.
Background
The recycling of organic solid wastes rich in rich organic matters has become a development trend. The biochemical method route mainly comprising composting and anaerobic methane is one of the main technologies of organic solid waste recycling, and how to further treat and dispose the refractory biochemical oversize products or residues after biochemical treatment which are derived from the technology and mainly comprise plastic products and lignin substances is an important difficult problem; at present, the difficult biochemical organic solid waste mainly adopts landfill and incineration as main treatment and disposal technologies, so that the waste of organic resources and the environmental pollution are caused; in addition, the difficultly-biochemically-produced organic solid waste, especially the oversize product or the residue after biochemistry composed of the plastic waste and lignin, contains abundant C and H, is a raw material with better methane generation, converts the raw material into methane, solves the problem of resource utilization of the difficultly-biochemically-produced organic solid waste, reduces environmental pollution, simultaneously produces high-quality clean methane gas, improves economic benefit, and has important practical significance for treating the organic solid waste, especially the difficultly-biochemically-produced organic solid waste.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a device and a method for producing methane by pyrolysis-biochemical coupling of organic solid waste difficult to biochemically process, wherein the organic solid waste difficult to biochemically process is firstly introduced into a medium-temperature pyrolysis chamber through a closed continuous feeding device to be subjected to medium-temperature pyrolysis, materials are converted into volatile gases and biochar, the biochar is directly discharged from a greenhouse in a pyrolysis furnace to be cooled by a water cooling jacket storage tank, the volatile gases are directly introduced into a high-temperature pyrolysis catalytic chamber of the pyrolysis furnace to be further catalytically cracked into high-temperature pyrolysis mixed gas mainly comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, the high-temperature pyrolysis mixed gas is subjected to gas-liquid separation through a gas-liquid separation and a cooler, the generated non-condensable gases and pyrolysis water containing water-soluble organic matters are introduced into a biological methane production reactor respectively in different forms, and the hydrogen, the carbon monoxide and other gas components of the pyrolysis gas and the water-soluble organic matters in pyrolysis water are converted into methane through the action of microorganisms, so that the organic solid waste difficult to biochemically process is converted into methane to be used as high-quality clean resources.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an apparatus for producing methane by pyrolysis-biochemical coupling of difficult biochemical organic solid waste comprises:
A continuous feeding device 1;
a horizontal medium-temperature pyrolysis chamber 2 with a feed inlet connected with the continuous feeding device 1;
a biochar storage box 5 connected with the discharge port of the medium-temperature pyrolysis chamber 2;
the high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis chamber 3 is connected with an air outlet of the medium-temperature pyrolysis chamber 2;
a gas-liquid separation device 6 and a cooling device 7 which are connected with the exhaust port of the high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis chamber 3 in sequence;
and the biological methane-generating reactor 8 is connected with the exhaust port of the cooling device 7, the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separation device 6 and the liquid outlet of the cooling device 7.
The continuous feeding device 1 is of a bidirectional closed structure, the feeding quantity is regulated and controlled through the frequency converter, the vertical arrangement is realized, the electric spiral feeding is realized, the water jacket cooling is realized in the vertical downward conveying section, the escape of water in the dry material caused by hot gas is prevented, the material is agglomerated and the feeding is blocked, and the sealing effect is also realized. The medium-temperature pyrolysis chamber 2 is horizontally arranged, the high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis chamber 3 is vertically arranged, the contact degree of the heating and pyrolysis gas and the catalyst is increased, and the occupied area is reduced.
The high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis chamber 3 is internally provided with a meshed bag 4 filled with a catalyst, so that the catalyst is easy to replace and can be regenerated at high temperature.
The biochar storage box 5 is of a water cooling jacket type structure, and a pipeline connected with the biochar storage box 5 and a discharge hole of the medium-temperature pyrolysis chamber 2 is of a water cooling jacket type structure, so that the spontaneous combustion of high-temperature biochar is avoided, and the performance of the biochar is reduced.
Before the gas generated by the high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis chamber 3 enters the biological methane reactor 8, the non-condensable gas and the condensable gas are separated and cooled to the proper temperature of microorganisms through the gas-liquid separation device 6 and the cooling device 7, and then are respectively introduced into the biological methane reactor 8 in different forms. The cooling device 7 may be a water cooling device.
The invention also provides a methanogenesis method based on the device for producing methane by pyrolysis-biochemical coupling of the difficult biochemical organic solid waste, which comprises the following steps:
a. Adding the organic solid waste materials difficult to biochemically treat into the continuous feeding device 1, ensuring that the continuous feeding device 1 is in an anaerobic state, conveying the materials downwards to the front section of the medium-temperature pyrolysis chamber 2 through a vertical screw, and conveying the materials forwards through a horizontal screw;
b. Controlling the temperature of the medium-temperature pyrolysis chamber 2 to be 300-600 ℃ by a temperature controller, controlling the stay time of materials in the medium-temperature pyrolysis chamber 2 to be 20-40min by controlling the horizontal spiral rotating speed, discharging the generated biological carbon by medium-temperature pyrolysis to enter a biological carbon storage box 5, and directly entering the generated volatile gas into a high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis chamber 3;
c. The temperature of the high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis chamber 3 is controlled to be 700-1000 ℃ by a temperature controller, so that the condensation gas containing macromolecules is converted into high-temperature pyrolysis mixed gas mainly containing non-condensation gas;
d. the mixed gas of the pyrolysis mainly comprising non-condensable gas sequentially passes through a gas-liquid separation device 6 and a cooling device 7, water vapor and small molecular organic matters are condensed into liquid to obtain pyrolysis water rich in water-soluble organic matters, the pyrolysis water enters a biological methane reactor 8, and the non-condensable gas enters the biological methane reactor 8 through a gas aerator;
e. The non-condensable gas is converted into methane-rich gas in the biological methane-producing reactor 8, and pyrolysis water rich in water-soluble organic matters provides nutrients for microorganisms, so that the methane yield is improved.
The refractory organic solid waste refers to oversize products before biochemical treatment or residues after biochemical treatment, and the organic solid waste refers to one or more of municipal waste, sewage sludge, agricultural and forestry waste and industrial organic solid waste.
The medium-temperature pyrolysis chamber 2 and the high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis chamber 3 are two temperature chambers of a pyrolysis furnace, solid materials react in the medium-temperature pyrolysis chamber 2 at 300-600 ℃, and volatile gases generated in the medium-temperature pyrolysis chamber 2 are generated in the following steps of
High temperature catalytic pyrolysis chamber 3 with the temperature of more than 700 ℃ is used for reaction.
The catalyst in the high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis chamber 3 is a composite catalyst which takes nickel base which is easy to generate hydrogen as a main body.
The non-condensable gas is mainly hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
Compared with the prior art, the invention converts the difficult-to-biochemistry organic solid waste into methane gas and biochar through a thermal treatment pyrolysis technology and a biological anaerobic technology, explores a technical route for recycling the difficult-to-biochemistry organic solid waste, in particular to the on-biochemical screen material or biochemical residues of the organic solid waste, realizes the clean treatment and the high-quality recycling of the difficult-to-biochemistry organic solid waste, and has important practical significance for recycling the difficult-to-biochemistry organic solid waste.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the device for producing methane by pyrolysis-biochemical coupling of difficult biochemical organic solid wastes.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific technical methods and apparatus of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and detailed description, illustrates by way of example only, and not by way of example all of the embodiments of the invention. All other examples, which are obtained without inventive effort by a person skilled in the art, are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, the device for producing methane by pyrolysis-biochemical coupling of difficult biochemical organic solid waste comprises a vertical two-way closed continuous feeding device 1, a medium-temperature pyrolysis chamber 2, a high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis chamber 3, a meshed bag 4 with a built-in catalyst, a biochar storage tank 5 with a water jacket cooling structure, a gas-liquid separation device 6, a cooling device 7, a biological methane production reactor 8 and the like.
The refractory solid waste material firstly passes through a continuous feeding device 1 which is arranged as a vertical bidirectional electric screw, and the feeding amount entering a medium-temperature pyrolysis chamber 2 is regulated and controlled by a frequency converter so as to realize the aim of closed continuous feeding. Then the solid material is subjected to anaerobic pyrolysis in a medium-temperature pyrolysis chamber 2 to generate biochar and pyrolysis gas mainly comprising condensable gas. The biochar is cooled to room temperature by a water cooling jacket and enters a storage tank 5, and the pyrolysis gas enters a high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis chamber 3 to be further converted into micromolecular pyrolysis mixed gas mainly comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Finally, the generated pyrolysis mixed gas is separated, cooled and separated, and then respectively enters a biological methane-generating reactor 8, and the pyrolysis gas and water-soluble organic matters are converted into methane gas by a biological method.
The specific methanogenesis method comprises the following steps:
a. Organic solid waste materials are added into the continuous feeding device 1, so that the middle-temperature pyrolysis chamber 2 is kept in an anaerobic state, the materials are downwards conveyed to the front section of the middle-temperature pyrolysis chamber 2 through a vertical screw, and then are forwards conveyed through a horizontal screw, and the residence time of the materials in the middle-temperature pyrolysis chamber 2 is regulated and controlled through a frequency converter;
b. The materials in the step a enter a medium-temperature pyrolysis chamber 2, the temperature of the reactor is controlled to be 300-600 ℃ by a temperature controller, the residence time of the materials in the medium-temperature pyrolysis chamber is controlled to be 20-40min by controlling the spiral rotating speed, the generated biochar is discharged by medium-temperature pyrolysis, the biochar enters a storage box 5, and the generated volatile gas directly enters a high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis chamber 3;
c. the volatile gas in the step b enters a high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis chamber 3, the temperature is controlled to be 700-1000 ℃ by a temperature controller, and the macromolecular condensable gas is converted into a mixed gas mainly containing non-condensability such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide and the like;
d. Condensing water vapor and small molecular organic matters into liquid states by the high-temperature pyrolysis gas mainly comprising non-condensable gases generated in the step c through a gas-liquid separation device 6 and a cooling device 7 respectively;
e. The non-condensable gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide and the like generated in the step d enter a biological methane reactor 8 through a gas aerator and are converted into methane-enriched gas; meanwhile, pyrolysis water rich in water-soluble organic matters is also introduced into the biological methane-producing reactor 8, so that nutrients are provided for microorganisms, and the methane yield is improved.
In the invention, the organic solid waste difficult to biochemically refers to oversize materials before biochemistry of the organic solid waste or residues after biochemistry; the organic solid waste refers to one or more of municipal waste, sewage sludge, agricultural and forestry waste and industrial organic solid waste.
Taking biochemical screen materials or biochemical residues of kitchen waste as materials, adding materials consisting of plastic waste and lignin materials in a ratio of more than 1:7 into a continuous feeding device 1, controlling a greenhouse 2 in pyrolysis at about 500 ℃ for 30min, and delivering and storing biological carbon with a yield of about 25% through a water jacket screw device; the generated mixed pyrolysis gas with condensation and non-condensation is directly introduced into a high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis chamber 3, the selected catalyst is a Ni/molecular sieve composite catalyst, the temperature is controlled at about 900 ℃, the hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the generated mixed gas respectively account for more than 50% and 35%, the mixed pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis water pass through a biological methane-producing reactor 8 to generate gas with CH 4 as a main body, and CH 4 accounts for more than 60%.

Claims (7)

1. A difficult biochemical organic solid waste pyrolysis-biochemical coupling methanogenesis method is based on the device comprising:
A continuous feeding device (1);
A horizontal medium-temperature pyrolysis chamber (2) with a feed inlet connected with the continuous feeding device (1);
a biochar storage box (5) connected with the discharge port of the medium-temperature pyrolysis chamber (2);
The high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis chamber (3) is connected with the air outlet of the medium-temperature pyrolysis chamber (2);
a gas-liquid separation device (6) and a cooling device (7) which are connected with an exhaust port of the high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis chamber (3) in sequence;
And a biological methane-generating reactor (8) connected with the exhaust port of the cooling device (7), the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separation device (6) and the liquid outlet of the cooling device (7);
The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. Adding refractory organic solid waste materials into a continuous feeding device (1), ensuring that the continuous feeding device (1) is in an anaerobic state, conveying the materials downwards to the front section of a medium-temperature pyrolysis chamber (2) through a vertical screw, and conveying the materials forwards through a horizontal screw;
b. Controlling the temperature of the medium-temperature pyrolysis chamber (2) to be 300-600 ℃ by a temperature controller, controlling the stay time of materials in the medium-temperature pyrolysis chamber (2) to be 20-40min by controlling the horizontal spiral rotating speed, discharging the generated biochar by medium-temperature pyrolysis to enter a biochar storage tank (5), and directly entering the generated volatile gas into a high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis chamber (3);
c. The temperature of the high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis chamber (3) is controlled to be 700-1000 ℃ by a temperature controller, so that the condensing gas containing macromolecules is converted into high-temperature pyrolysis mixed gas mainly containing non-condensing gas; the medium-temperature pyrolysis chamber (2) and the high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis chamber (3) are two temperature chambers of the pyrolysis furnace, solid materials react in the medium-temperature pyrolysis chamber (2), and volatile gases generated by the medium-temperature pyrolysis chamber (2) react in the high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis chamber (3);
d. The mixed gas of the pyrolysis mainly comprising non-condensable gas sequentially passes through a gas-liquid separation device (6) and a cooling device (7), water vapor and small molecular organic matters are condensed into liquid to obtain pyrolysis water rich in water-soluble organic matters, the pyrolysis water enters a biological methane reactor (8), and the non-condensable gas enters the biological methane reactor (8) through a gas aerator;
e. the non-condensable gas is converted into methane-rich gas in a biological methane-producing reactor (8), and pyrolysis water rich in water-soluble organic matters provides nutrients for microorganisms, so that the methane yield is improved.
2. The methanogenesis method according to claim 1, wherein the refractory organic solid waste is screen-top material before biochemical treatment or residue after biochemical treatment, and the organic solid waste is one or more of municipal waste, sewage sludge, agricultural and forestry waste, and industrial organic solid waste.
3. The methanogenesis method according to claim 1, characterized in that the catalyst in the high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis chamber (3) is a nickel-based composite catalyst.
4. The methanogenic process of claim 1, wherein the non-condensable gases are predominantly hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
5. The methanogenesis method according to claim 1, wherein the continuous feeding device (1) is of a bidirectional closed structure, is vertically arranged, is electrically driven to feed in a spiral manner, is vertically downwards conveyed to be cooled by a water jacket, and is controlled by a frequency converter, and the medium-temperature pyrolysis chamber (2) is horizontally arranged.
6. The methanogenesis method according to claim 1, characterized in that the high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis chamber (3) is built in with a mesh bag (4) containing catalyst.
7. The methanogenesis method according to claim 1, wherein the biochar storage tank (5) is of a water-cooled jacket type structure, and the pipes connected to the discharge ports of the biochar storage tank (5) and the medium-temperature pyrolysis chamber (2) are also of a water-cooled jacket type structure.
CN201610971891.4A 2016-10-28 2016-10-28 Device and method for producing methane through pyrolysis-biochemical coupling of organic solid wastes difficult to biochemically produce Active CN107245435B (en)

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CN111647442A (en) * 2020-07-02 2020-09-11 清华大学 Method and device for preparing hydrogen-rich synthetic gas by two-step catalytic pyrolysis of high-plasticity inert garbage
CN113172079A (en) * 2021-05-08 2021-07-27 南开大学 Urban and rural organic solid waste rapid heat treatment device and application
CN115340882B (en) * 2021-05-15 2024-04-19 陕西青朗万城环保科技有限公司 Method for generating gas based on microwave pyrolysis and control system thereof

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CN104388105A (en) * 2014-11-06 2015-03-04 清华大学 Device and method for producing synthetic gas by continuous two-stage catalytic pyrolysis
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CN105602999A (en) * 2015-11-13 2016-05-25 中国石油大学(北京) System and method used for producing high-quality biological methane gas from biomass

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CN104388105A (en) * 2014-11-06 2015-03-04 清华大学 Device and method for producing synthetic gas by continuous two-stage catalytic pyrolysis
CN104861995A (en) * 2015-04-29 2015-08-26 农业部规划设计研究院 Variable cascade temperature regulation biomass charring device
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