CN107218186B - Energy collector based on road deceleration - Google Patents

Energy collector based on road deceleration Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107218186B
CN107218186B CN201710327849.3A CN201710327849A CN107218186B CN 107218186 B CN107218186 B CN 107218186B CN 201710327849 A CN201710327849 A CN 201710327849A CN 107218186 B CN107218186 B CN 107218186B
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gear
hydraulic cylinder
rack
piston rod
energy
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CN107218186A (en
Inventor
张祖涛
刘治勇
丁伟
唐尧天
谢娜
李睿睿
景建华
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Southwest Jiaotong University
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Southwest Jiaotong University
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03GSPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G7/00Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
    • F03G7/08Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for recovering energy derived from swinging, rolling, pitching or like movements, e.g. from the vibrations of a machine
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/005Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a wound spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
    • F16F13/007Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a wound spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/10Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using liquid only; using a fluid of which the nature is immaterial
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32Details

Abstract

An oil port of a hydraulic cylinder I used for collecting the vertical movement energy of a bearing is connected with front and rear oil ports of a hydraulic cylinder III with small diameter and large stroke through a hose I, and a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder III is connected with a rack I positioned on the left side of the piston rod; an oil port of a hydraulic cylinder II used for collecting the motion energy of the vehicle in the horizontal direction is connected with a front oil port and a rear oil port of a hydraulic cylinder IV with small diameter and large stroke through a hose II, a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder IV is connected with a rack II positioned on the right of the piston rod, and then the rotation of an engine rotor is converted through a gear set meshed with the rack II. The automobile energy recovery device can effectively recover kinetic energy and potential energy in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction when an automobile is pressed through the deceleration strip, and drive the power generation device to perform energy conversion, and has the characteristic of high energy recovery efficiency.

Description

Energy collector based on road deceleration
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy recovery, and particularly relates to a vehicle road deceleration energy recovery device.
Background
With the rapid increase of the number of urban private cars and the continuous development of national expressway planning and construction, the problem of highway power supply is receiving more and more widespread attention. The agricultural power supply is adopted in a plurality of remote zones of the expressway, and the power supply condition is poor, such as large voltage fluctuation range and frequent power failure. Meanwhile, environmental factors are variable, such as high humidity in a mountain hole and high temperature difference in winter, and particularly the interference in thunderstorm seasons is serious. In addition, the agricultural power supply has the problems of weak technical strength, poor maintenance capability and the like. Therefore, the power supply of the expressway is often limited by conditions such as distance, topography, weather and the like, the power grid is not stable and reliable enough, and power supply faults often occur. The staff is driven to the fault site, a period of time is usually required for diagnosing, analyzing and troubleshooting the fault, and power supply during the fault is also a problem to be solved. Considering the utilization of road energy, automobile kinetic energy recovery will play an important role in reducing energy consumption. In long-term evolution and development, kinetic energy harvesting systems can be divided into three categories according to their working principles: piezoelectric, mechanical and electromagnetic designs.
The piezoelectric design is developed fully, the structure is reasonable, the construction is reliable, but most piezoelectric schemes only supply micro-electromechanical systems because of the very low power density and voltage, and the large-scale power supply is difficult to realize.
The mechanical design efficiency is higher, but the device size is also larger, and the impact caused by the intermittence and uncertainty of the excitation of the road vehicle can reduce the service life, and is unfavorable for the installation and maintenance of the device.
The electromagnetic design device is simple, moderate in size, stable in use, high in power generation efficiency, convenient to install and maintain, and ideal in design in the energy recovery device.
According to the search, the existing deceleration power generation device, such as the Chinese patent with the patent number of CN201520817816.3 as a 'transduction device for energy recovery of a road deceleration strip', is connected with a plurality of hydraulic cylinders in parallel, a piston rod pushes hydraulic oil in the extrusion cylinder to compress a return spring, high-pressure hydraulic oil in a lower cavity is input into an accumulator, and when the pressure reaches a set value, the high-pressure oil is released to drive a hydraulic motor to rotate to generate power. However, considering that the accumulator releases the stored pressure when the external pressure is lower than the fixed value, when the device returns, the pressure in the accumulator is higher than the external pressure, the stored pressure can be released, the pressure required by the rotation of the hydraulic motor is higher, the required pressure can not be reached in many cases, the stored energy loss is larger, and the power generation efficiency is low. Only the gravitational potential energy of the automobile in the vertical direction is collected, and the energy of the transverse impact of the automobile on the deceleration strip is not collected.
For another example, the patent number CN 102678492B is a chinese patent of "a deceleration strip energy recovery power generation system for highway toll stations", which is connected to a sector gear through a vertical link on a leaf spring under the deceleration strip, and then is driven by the sector gear and a ratchet mechanism to generate power. But all mechanical devices of the device are positioned below the ground, the space required by installation is too large, the construction cost is high, lubrication is not easy to realize, and the maintenance cost is high. In addition, energy of the transverse impact of the automobile on the deceleration strip is not collected yet.
In view of the above, it is necessary to develop a novel deceleration strip energy recycling apparatus that is simple in structure, safe and reliable, and capable of collecting deceleration strip energy in horizontal and vertical directions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an energy collector based on road deceleration, which can effectively realize the horizontal and vertical energy recovery when an automobile passes through a deceleration strip and can drive a power generation device to perform energy conversion.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: an oil port of a hydraulic cylinder I used for collecting the motion energy of a vehicle in the vertical direction is connected with front and rear oil ports of a hydraulic cylinder III with small diameter and large stroke through a hose I, and a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder III is connected with a rack I positioned at the left side of the piston rod; an oil port of a hydraulic cylinder II used for collecting the motion energy of the vehicle in the horizontal direction is connected with a front oil port and a rear oil port of a hydraulic cylinder IV with small diameter and large stroke through a hose II, a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder IV is connected with a rack II positioned on the right of the piston rod, and the rack I is parallel to the rack II; the first gear is meshed with the first rack, the fifth gear is coaxial with the first rack, the sixth gear is meshed with the fifth gear, the seventh gear is meshed with the sixth gear, the ninth gear is coaxial with the seventh gear, the eighth gear is meshed with the ninth gear, the rotor of the generator is arranged on the shaft of the eighth gear, the fourth gear is meshed with the second rack, and the sixth gear is coaxial with the fourth gear;
the first gear, the second gear, the third gear and the fourth gear are respectively arranged on the corresponding shafts through a first unidirectional bearing, a second unidirectional bearing, a third unidirectional bearing and a fourth unidirectional bearing, and the first unidirectional bearing is arranged on the second unidirectional bearing; the unidirectional bearing II and the unidirectional bearing IV are in a free rotation state and can not realize shaft transmission when rotating clockwise, and are in a locking state and can realize shaft transmission when rotating anticlockwise; the compression spring I is arranged below the inner piston of the hydraulic cylinder I, and the compression spring II is arranged below the inner piston of the hydraulic cylinder II.
The gear five and the gear seven are respectively positioned at the left side and the right side of the gear six.
The first rack is fixed on the first guide rail, the first guide rail is in sliding fit with the guide rail seat, the second rack is fixed on the second guide rail, and the second guide rail is in sliding fit with the other guide rail seat; the upper surfaces of the two guide rail seats are provided with convex edges with inverted equilateral trapezoids in cross section.
The first, second, third and fourth types of the unidirectional bearings are selected from CSK series unidirectional bearings.
The scheme is innovatively designed, and the energy collection and conversion is realized by utilizing the combination of the hydraulic cylinder, the differential connection speed increasing device, the unidirectional bearing and the generator.
When the vehicle passes through the speed bump, the impact of the wheel on the speed bump is decomposed in both the horizontal and vertical directions. The horizontal impact is transferred to the horizontal hydraulic cylinder, the piston of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder is pushed to squeeze hydraulic oil and compress the spring, the hydraulic oil flows into the hydraulic cylinder connected with the rack through the pipeline, and the piston rod is pushed to extend outwards. The impact in the vertical direction is transmitted to the hydraulic cylinder in the vertical direction, the piston of the hydraulic cylinder in the vertical direction is pushed to extrude hydraulic oil and compress the spring, the hydraulic oil flows into the hydraulic cylinder connected with the rack through the pipeline, the piston rod is pushed to extend outwards, the rack is pushed to move, and the movement is finally transmitted to the rotor shaft of the generator through a series of gear acceleration. The reciprocating motion of the rack is transferred to a gear matched with the rack, the clockwise rotation of the gear is transferred to the shaft through a unidirectional bearing which turns clockwise to be positive, and the anticlockwise rotation of the gear is transferred to the shaft through a unidirectional bearing which turns anticlockwise to be positive.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. adopts hydraulic transmission, and does not need additional lubricating oil. Under the same power condition, the device has light weight and small volume, so the device has small inertia and high response speed, and can realize frequent reversing.
2. The two-stage hydraulic transmission is adopted, and the speed increasing effect is realized in the transmission process. The vibration amplitude of the deceleration strip is small, the torque is large, the single-stage transmission ratio is too large, the transmission efficiency is low, the large-diameter short-stroke hydraulic cylinder is connected with the small-diameter large-stroke hydraulic cylinder in series, the reduction of force is realized, the stroke is increased, the speed is increased, the multistage gear transmission is matched, and finally the anastomosis between the output torque and the rated power small torque of the generator is realized.
3. The bidirectional motion of the rack at the input end is converted into unidirectional input by adopting the unidirectional bearing for matching, and the steering of the motor rotor is always kept consistent in the system rapid steering execution process, so that the impact caused by the fact that the rack suddenly steers to forcibly require the instantaneous steering of the rotor shaft of the generator is avoided, and the service life of the generator is prolonged.
4. The two pairs of unidirectional bearings are matched for use, so that motions which occur in two directions simultaneously but have different durations are coupled together, and additional equipment is not needed for collecting energy in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction respectively.
5. The small-diameter large-stroke hydraulic cylinder adopts differential connection, the movement speed is doubled, the general transmission ratio is reduced for the subsequent gear transmission, the use of gears is reduced, and the cost is reduced.
6. In the practical production and application process, the rotation inertia of the gear is large, the impact on the gear caused by sudden reversing is extremely large, and the consistency of gear steering is realized at the transmission input end, so that the subsequent large gear reversing is not needed, the service life of the product is prolonged, and the maintenance cost is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is an internal structural view of the hydraulic cylinder of fig. 2 that collects energy in the vertical direction.
Fig. 4 is an internal structural view of the hydraulic cylinder of fig. 1 that collects energy in the horizontal direction.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the four gears with one-way bearings and gear train set of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Fig. 1 and 2 show the energy collector, wherein an oil port of a first hydraulic cylinder 1 used for collecting the motion energy of a bearing in the vertical direction is connected with front and rear oil ports of a third hydraulic cylinder 28 with small diameter and large stroke through a first hose 30, and a piston rod of the third hydraulic cylinder 28 is connected with a first rack 6 positioned at the left side of the piston rod; the oil port of a hydraulic cylinder II 19 used for collecting the motion energy of the vehicle in the horizontal direction (a deceleration strip is pressed on the piston rods of the hydraulic cylinders I and II) is connected with the front oil port and the rear oil port of a hydraulic cylinder IV 21 with small diameter and large stroke through a hose II 22, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder IV 21 is connected with a rack II 17 positioned on the right side of the piston rod, and the rack I6 is parallel to the rack II 17; the first gear 5 is meshed with the first rack 6, the fifth gear 9 is coaxial with the first gear 5, the sixth gear 10 is meshed with the fifth gear 9, the seventh gear 15 is meshed with the sixth gear 10, the ninth gear 14 is coaxial with the seventh gear 15, the eighth gear 11 is meshed with the ninth gear 14, the rotor of the generator 12 is arranged on the shaft of the eighth gear 11, and the fourth gear 13 is meshed with the second rack 17. Alternatively, the rotor shaft of the generator 12 is the shaft of the gear 11. Gear six 10 is coaxial with gear four 13;
the first gear 5, the second gear 3, the third gear 7 and the fourth gear 13 are respectively arranged on the corresponding shafts through a third unidirectional bearing 8 and a fourth unidirectional bearing 16, and the first unidirectional bearing 4; and the unidirectional bearing III 8 is in a locking state to realize shaft transmission when rotating clockwise, is in a free rotation state to realize shaft transmission when rotating anticlockwise, and the unidirectional bearing II 2 and the unidirectional bearing IV 16 are in a free rotation state to realize shaft transmission when rotating clockwise and are in a locking state to realize shaft transmission when rotating anticlockwise. The gear is arranged on the shaft through the one-way bearing, namely the gear is arranged on the outer ring of the one-way bearing, and the inner ring of the one-way bearing is fixed on the shaft. In fig. 1 and 2, 18 guide rail sliding blocks, 24 bottom plates, 25 bearing seats (mounting gear shafts) and 29 speed reduction belts. The bottom surface of the speed reducing belt 29 is pressed on the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 7, and the front side surface of the speed reducing belt 29 is pressed on the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 19. Gear five 9 and gear seven 15 are located on the left and right sides of gear six 10, respectively. The first rack 6 is fixed on the first guide rail 20, the first guide rail 20 is in sliding fit with the guide rail seat, the second rack 17 is fixed on the second guide rail 27, and the second guide rail 27 is in sliding fit with the other guide rail seat; the upper surfaces of the two guide rail seats are provided with convex edges with inverted equilateral trapezoids in cross section. The guide rail is provided with an inverted equilateral trapezoid opening which is matched with the convex edge on the guide rail seat. The model of the one-way bearing I, the model of the two-way bearing, the model of the three-way bearing and the model of the four-way bearing are selected from CSK series one-way bearings. The model is CSK12.
The power generation process by pressing down:
the first rack 6 and the second rack 17 are respectively connected with piston rods of a small-diameter large-stroke hydraulic cylinder III 28 and a hydraulic cylinder IV 21. When the piston rod of the fourth hydraulic cylinder 21 extends outwards, the second rack 17 is pushed to move, the third gear 7 and the fourth gear 13 rotate anticlockwise when being observed on the left side of the overall structure schematic diagram, at the moment, due to the fact that the fourth unidirectional bearing 16 is closed, the third unidirectional bearing 8 is separated, the movement of the fourth gear 13 is transmitted to the second shaft 26, and then the movement is transmitted to the rotor shaft of the generator through the anticlockwise rotation of the sixth gear 10, the clockwise rotation of the seventh gear 15, the clockwise rotation of the ninth gear 14 and the anticlockwise rotation of the eighth gear 11. When the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder III 28 extends outwards, the rack I6 is pushed to move, the gear I5 and the gear II 3 rotate clockwise when being observed on the left side of the overall structure schematic diagram, at the moment, due to the fact that the unidirectional bearing I4 is closed, the unidirectional bearing II 2 is separated, the movement of the gear I5 is transmitted to the shaft I23, and then the movement is transmitted to the rotor shaft of the generator 12 to rotate anticlockwise through the clockwise rotation of the gear V9, the anticlockwise rotation of the gear VI 10, the clockwise rotation of the gear V15, the clockwise rotation of the gear V14 and the anticlockwise rotation of the gear V11.
And (3) a recovery process:
as described above, the spring compresses during the impact of the automobile, stores elastic potential energy, and when the external load disappears, the first spring 31 and the second spring 32 in the first hydraulic cylinder 1 and the second hydraulic cylinder 19 recover (see fig. 3 and 4), so as to push the pistons of the first hydraulic cylinder 1 and the second hydraulic cylinder 19 to move, and hydraulic oil flows back to the oil cavity. And the pistons of the small-diameter large-stroke hydraulic cylinder III 28 and the hydraulic cylinder IV 21 return to the initial state at the same time of hydraulic oil backflow. When the left side view angle of the overall structure schematic diagram is observed, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder IV 21 is retracted to drive the rack II 17 to move left, the gear III 7 and the gear IV 13 rotate clockwise, at the moment, due to the fact that the unidirectional bearing III 8 is closed and the unidirectional bearing IV 16 is separated, the movement of the gear III 7 is transmitted to the shaft I23, and then the gear III 9 rotates clockwise, the gear VI 10 rotates anticlockwise, the gear seven 15 rotates clockwise, the gear IV 14 rotates clockwise and the gear VIII 11 rotates anticlockwise, and finally the movement is transmitted to the rotor shaft of the generator to rotate anticlockwise. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder III 28 is retracted back, the rack I6 is driven to move to the right when being observed at the left side view angle of the overall structure schematic diagram, the gear I5 and the gear II 3 rotate anticlockwise, at the moment, the unidirectional bearing II 2 is closed, the unidirectional bearing I4 is separated, the movement of the gear II 3 is transmitted to the shaft II 26, the gear VI 10 rotates anticlockwise, the gear seven 15 rotates clockwise, the gear nine 14 rotates clockwise, the gear eight 11 rotates anticlockwise, and finally the movement is transmitted to the rotor shaft of the generator to rotate anticlockwise.
All the unidirectional bearings can be replaced by internal-meshing ratchet-pawl overrunning clutches.

Claims (2)

1. An energy collector based on road deceleration is characterized in that an oil port of a hydraulic cylinder I (1) used for collecting the motion energy of a vehicle in the vertical direction is connected with front and rear oil ports of a hydraulic cylinder III (28) with small diameter and large stroke through a hose I (30), and a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder III (28) is connected with a rack I (6) positioned on the left side of the piston rod; an oil port of a hydraulic cylinder II (19) used for collecting the motion energy of the vehicle in the horizontal direction is connected with front and rear oil ports of a hydraulic cylinder IV (21) with small diameter and large stroke through a hose II (22), a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder IV (21) is connected with a rack II (17) positioned on the right of the piston rod, and the rack I (6) is parallel to the rack II (17); the gear I (5) is meshed with the gear II (6), the gear II (9) is coaxial with the gear I (5), the gear VI (10) is meshed with the gear II (9), the gear IV (15) is meshed with the gear VI (10), the gear IV (14) is coaxial with the gear IV (15), the gear V (11) is meshed with the gear IV (14), a rotor of the generator (12) is arranged on the shaft of the gear V (11), the gear IV (13) is meshed with the gear II (17), and the gear VI (10) is coaxial with the gear IV (13);
the first gear (5), the second gear (3), the third gear (7) and the fourth gear (13) are respectively arranged on the corresponding shafts through a first unidirectional bearing (4), a second unidirectional bearing (2), a third unidirectional bearing (8) and a fourth unidirectional bearing (16), and the first unidirectional bearing (4); and the unidirectional bearing III (8) is in a locking state to realize shaft transmission when rotating clockwise, is in a free rotation state and can not realize shaft transmission when rotating anticlockwise, and the unidirectional bearing II (2) and the unidirectional bearing IV (16) are in a free rotation state and can not realize shaft transmission when rotating clockwise, and are in a locking state to realize shaft transmission when rotating anticlockwise;
a compression spring I (31) is arranged below the inner piston of the hydraulic cylinder I (1), and a compression spring II (32) is arranged below the inner piston of the hydraulic cylinder II (19);
the gear five (9) and the gear seven (15) are respectively positioned at the left side and the right side of the gear six (10);
the first rack (6) is fixed on the first guide rail (20), the first guide rail (20) is in sliding fit with the guide rail seat, the second rack (17) is fixed on the second guide rail (27), and the second guide rail (27) is in sliding fit with the other guide rail seat.
2. The energy harvester of claim 1 wherein the one-way bearing is one, two, three, four in type selected from the CSK series of one-way bearings.
CN201710327849.3A 2017-05-11 2017-05-11 Energy collector based on road deceleration Active CN107218186B (en)

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CN111926632A (en) * 2020-08-11 2020-11-13 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 Energy storage type steel rail vibration absorber
CN116545177B (en) * 2023-07-07 2023-12-12 佛山市徽粤金属科技有限公司 Lever type generator

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