CN107216158B - 一种莫来石质可塑料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种莫来石质可塑料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229940068918 polyethylene glycol 400 Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000034 Plastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种莫来石质可塑料及其制备方法。其技术方案是：将聚丙烯酸钠、聚乙二醇400、聚丙烯酰胺和水搅拌，制得结合剂。再将煤矸石、γ‑氧化铝微粉和硅粉混合，制得混合料；向混合料中加入二氧化钛溶胶，混合，成型，成型后的坯体在空气气氛和1350~1400℃条件下热处理，热处理后的物料经破碎和筛分，即得粒度为3~4mm的A物料、粒度为1~2mm的B物料和粒度小于80μm的C物料。然后将所述A物料、所述B物料、所述C物料和氯化钙细粉混合，制得混合均质料；向所述混合均质料中加入所述结合剂，混合均匀，困料，制得莫来石质可塑料。本发明具有成本低廉和工艺简单的特点；所制备的莫来石质可塑料的体积密度大、耐压强度高和保存周期长。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于可塑料技术领域。具体涉及一种莫来石质可塑料及其制备方法。
背景技术
可塑料是将粒状和粉状物料按一定比例配制，并引入结合剂而制备的一类不定形耐火材料，其主要特性为长时间内保持较高的可塑性。可塑料根据硬化方式可分为气硬性和热硬性两类，根据骨料材质不同可分为硅质、镁质、莫来石质和高铝质可塑料等。
莫来石质可塑料是主晶相为莫来石的一类重要不定形耐火材料，广泛应用于高炉、垃圾焚烧炉和水泥窑等易磨损和易侵蚀的部位。
“一种含均质料的刚玉-莫来石质高强耐磨可塑料”（CN201010535348.2）专利技术，公开了一种刚玉-莫来石复相高强耐磨可塑料，所制备的可塑料虽强度高和耐磨性好，但该技术采用磷酸及磷酸盐为结合剂，一方面易形成低熔相，降低刚玉-莫来石可塑料的高温性能；另外磷酸及磷酸盐结合剂的引入也减小了可塑料的硬化时间，进而缩短了可塑料的存放周期。
发明内容
本发明旨在克服现有技术缺陷，目的在于提供一种成本低廉和工艺简单的莫来石质可塑料的制备方法；用该方法制备的莫来石质可塑料的体积密度大、耐压强度高和保存周期长。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案的具体步骤是：
步骤一、按聚丙烯酸钠∶聚乙二醇400∶聚丙烯酰胺∶水的质量比为(0.02~0.05)∶(0.05~0.1)∶(0.05~0.08)∶1，在30~35℃水浴条件下，将聚丙烯酸钠、聚乙二醇400、聚丙烯酰胺和水置入容器中，搅拌5~8分钟，制得结合剂。
步骤二、按煤矸石︰γ-氧化铝微粉︰硅粉的质量比为1︰(0.5~0.6)︰(0.05~0.1)，将煤矸石、γ-氧化铝微粉和硅粉在行星球磨机中混合20~30分钟，制得混合料。
步骤三、按所述混合料︰二氧化钛溶胶的质量比为1︰(0.04~0.06)，向所述混合料中加入所述二氧化钛溶胶，混合5~8分钟，然后加入模具中成型，得到成型后的坯体。
步骤四、将所述成型后的坯体置于马弗炉中，在空气气氛和1350~1400℃条件下热处理1~2小时，随炉冷却，得到热处理后的物料。
步骤五、将所述热处理后的物料破碎，研磨，筛分，分别得到粒度为3~4mm的A物料、粒度为1~2mm的B物料和粒度小于80μm的C物料。
步骤六、将55~60wt%的所述A物料、14~19wt%的所述B物料、22~27wt%的所述C物料和1~3wt%的氯化钙细粉加入搅拌机中，混合5~10分钟，制得混合均质料。
步骤七、按所述混合均质料︰所述结合剂的质量比为1︰(0.05~0.08)，向所述混合均质料中加入所述结合剂，混合均匀，困料8~10小时，即得莫来石质可塑料。
所述聚丙烯酸钠、聚乙二醇400和聚丙烯酰胺均为化学纯。
所述煤矸石的主要化学成分为：Al2O3为40~50wt%，SiO2为30~40wt%，Fe2O3≤0.5wt%，（Na2O+K2O）≤0.5wt%，（MgO+CaO）≤0.5wt%；煤矸石的粒度为60~80μm。
所述γ-氧化铝微粉的Al2O3含量≥98wt%；γ-氧化铝微粉的粒度为60~80μm。
所述硅粉的Si含量≥96wt%；硅粉的粒度为60~80μm。
所述二氧化钛溶胶的TiO2含量为10~15wt%。
所述氯化钙细粉的CaCl2含量≥98wt%；CaCl2细粉的粒度为60~80μm。
由于采取上述技术方案，本发明与现有技术相比具有如下积极效果：
1、本发明采用煤矸石为主要原料，实现固体废弃物资源的有效回收利用，大幅降低了莫来石质可塑料的开发成本，制备工艺简单。
2、本发明通过预烧热处理技术，降低原料组分的二次莫来石化对可塑料体积稳定性的影响，进而增大了莫来石质可塑料的体积密度和强度。
本发明制备的莫来石质可塑料经测定：硬化时间为10~15个月；110℃×12h热处理后体积密度为2.65~2.70g/cm3；110℃×12h热处理后冷态耐压强度为35~38MPa。
因此，本发明具有成本低廉和工艺简单的特点；所制备的莫来石质可塑料的体积密度大、耐压强度高和保存周期长。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的描述，并非对其保护范围的限制。
为避免重复，先将本具体实施方式所涉及的物料统一描述如下，实施例中不再赘述：
所述聚丙烯酸钠、聚乙二醇400和聚丙烯酰胺均为化学纯。
所述煤矸石的主要化学成分为：Al2O3为40~50wt%，SiO2为30~40wt%，Fe2O3≤0.5wt%，（Na2O+K2O）≤0.5wt%，（MgO+CaO）≤0.5wt%；煤矸石的粒度为60~80μm。
所述γ-氧化铝微粉的Al2O3含量≥98wt%；γ-氧化铝微粉的粒度为60~80μm。
所述硅粉的Si含量≥96wt%；硅粉的粒度为60~80μm。
所述二氧化钛溶胶的TiO2含量为10~15wt%。
所述氯化钙细粉的CaCl2含量≥98wt%；CaCl2细粉的粒度为60~80μm。
实施例1
一种莫来石质可塑料及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法的具体步骤是：
步骤一、按聚丙烯酸钠∶聚乙二醇400∶聚丙烯酰胺∶水的质量比为(0.02~0.04)∶(0.05~0.07)∶(0.05~0.07)∶1，在30~35℃水浴条件下，将聚丙烯酸钠、聚乙二醇400、聚丙烯酰胺和水置入容器中，搅拌5~8分钟，制得结合剂。
步骤二、按煤矸石︰γ-氧化铝微粉︰硅粉的质量比为1︰(0.5~0.6)︰(0.05~0.07)，将煤矸石、γ-氧化铝微粉和硅粉在行星球磨机中混合20~30分钟，制得混合料。
步骤三、按所述混合料︰二氧化钛溶胶的质量比为1︰(0.04~0.05)，向所述混合料中加入所述二氧化钛溶胶，混合5~8分钟，然后加入模具中成型，得到成型后的坯体。
步骤四、将所述成型后的坯体置于马弗炉中，在空气气氛和1350~1400℃条件下热处理1~2小时，随炉冷却，得到热处理后的物料。
步骤五、将所述热处理后的物料破碎，研磨，筛分，分别得到粒度为3~4mm的A物料、粒度为1~2mm的B物料和粒度小于80μm的C物料。
步骤六、将58~60wt%的所述A物料、14~16wt%的所述B物料、25~27wt%的所述C物料和1~2wt%的氯化钙细粉加入搅拌机中，混合5~10分钟，制得混合均质料。
步骤七、按所述混合均质料︰所述结合剂的质量比为1︰(0.05~0.07)，向所述混合均质料中加入所述结合剂，混合均匀，困料8~10小时，即得莫来石质可塑料。
本实施例制备的莫来石质可塑料经测定：硬化时间为10~12个月；110℃×12h热处理后体积密度为2.65~2.67g/cm3；110℃×12h热处理后冷态耐压强度为35~37MPa。
实施例2
一种莫来石质可塑料及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法的具体步骤是：
步骤一、按聚丙烯酸钠∶聚乙二醇400∶聚丙烯酰胺∶水的质量比为(0.02~0.04)∶(0.06~0.08)∶(0.05~0.07)∶1，在30~35℃水浴条件下，将聚丙烯酸钠、聚乙二醇400、聚丙烯酰胺和水置入容器中，搅拌5~8分钟，制得结合剂。
步骤二、按煤矸石︰γ-氧化铝微粉︰硅粉的质量比为1︰(0.5~0.6)︰(0.06~0.08)，将煤矸石、γ-氧化铝微粉和硅粉在行星球磨机中混合20~30分钟，制得混合料。
步骤三、按所述混合料︰二氧化钛溶胶的质量比为1︰(0.04~0.05)，向所述混合料中加入所述二氧化钛溶胶，混合5~8分钟，然后加入模具中成型，得到成型后的坯体。
步骤四、将所述成型后的坯体置于马弗炉中，在空气气氛和1350~1400℃条件下热处理1~2小时，随炉冷却，得到热处理后的物料。
步骤五、将所述热处理后的物料破碎，研磨，筛分，分别得到粒度为3~4mm的A物料、粒度为1~2mm的B物料和粒度小于80μm的C物料。
步骤六、将57~59wt%的所述A物料、15~17wt%的所述B物料、24~26wt%的所述C物料和1~2wt%的氯化钙细粉加入搅拌机中，混合5~10分钟，制得混合均质料。
步骤七、按所述混合均质料︰所述结合剂的质量比为1︰(0.05~0.07)，向所述混合均质料中加入所述结合剂，混合均匀，困料8~10小时，即得莫来石质可塑料。
本实施例制备的莫来石质可塑料经测定：硬化时间为11~13个月；110℃×12h热处理后体积密度为2.66~2.68g/cm3；110℃×12h热处理后冷态耐压强度为35~37MPa。
实施例3
一种莫来石质可塑料及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法的具体步骤是：
步骤一、按聚丙烯酸钠∶聚乙二醇400∶聚丙烯酰胺∶水的质量比为(0.03~0.05)∶(0.07~0.09)∶(0.06~0.08)∶1，在30~35℃水浴条件下，将聚丙烯酸钠、聚乙二醇400、聚丙烯酰胺和水置入容器中，搅拌5~8分钟，制得结合剂。
步骤二、按煤矸石︰γ-氧化铝微粉︰硅粉的质量比为1︰(0.5~0.6)︰(0.07~0.09)，将煤矸石、γ-氧化铝微粉和硅粉在行星球磨机中混合20~30分钟，制得混合料。
步骤三、按所述混合料︰二氧化钛溶胶的质量比为1︰(0.05~0.06)，向所述混合料中加入所述二氧化钛溶胶，混合5~8分钟，然后加入模具中成型，得到成型后的坯体。
步骤四、将所述成型后的坯体置于马弗炉中，在空气气氛和1350~1400℃条件下热处理1~2小时，随炉冷却，得到热处理后的物料。
步骤五、将所述热处理后的物料破碎，研磨，筛分，分别得到粒度为3~4mm的A物料、粒度为1~2mm的B物料和粒度小于80μm的C物料。
步骤六、将56~58wt%的所述A物料、16~18wt%的所述B物料、23~25wt%的所述C物料和2~3wt%的氯化钙细粉加入搅拌机中，混合5~10分钟，制得混合均质料。
步骤七、按所述混合均质料︰所述结合剂的质量比为1︰(0.06~0.08)，向所述混合均质料中加入所述结合剂，混合均匀，困料8~10小时，即得莫来石质可塑料。
本实施例制备的莫来石质可塑料经测定：硬化时间为12~14个月；110℃×12h热处理后体积密度为2.67~2.69g/cm3；110℃×12h热处理后冷态耐压强度为36~38MPa。
实施例4
一种莫来石质可塑料及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法的具体步骤是：
步骤一、按聚丙烯酸钠∶聚乙二醇400∶聚丙烯酰胺∶水的质量比为(0.03~0.05)∶(0.08~0.1)∶(0.06~0.08)∶1，在30~35℃水浴条件下，将聚丙烯酸钠、聚乙二醇400、聚丙烯酰胺和水置入容器中，搅拌5~8分钟，制得结合剂。
步骤二、按煤矸石︰γ-氧化铝微粉︰硅粉的质量比为1︰(0.5~0.6)︰(0.08~0.1)，将煤矸石、γ-氧化铝微粉和硅粉在行星球磨机中混合20~30分钟，制得混合料。
步骤三、按所述混合料︰二氧化钛溶胶的质量比为1︰(0.05~0.06)，向所述混合料中加入所述二氧化钛溶胶，混合5~8分钟，然后加入模具中成型，得到成型后的坯体。
步骤四、将所述成型后的坯体置于马弗炉中，在空气气氛和1350~1400℃条件下热处理1~2小时，随炉冷却，得到热处理后的物料。
步骤五、将所述热处理后的物料破碎，研磨，筛分，分别得到粒度为3~4mm的A物料、粒度为1~2mm的B物料和粒度小于80μm的C物料。
步骤六、将55~57wt%的所述A物料、17~19wt%的所述B物料、22~24wt%的所述C物料和2~3wt%的氯化钙细粉加入搅拌机中，混合5~10分钟，制得混合均质料。
步骤七、按所述混合均质料︰所述结合剂的质量比为1︰(0.06~0.08)，向所述混合均质料中加入所述结合剂，混合均匀，困料8~10小时，即得莫来石质可塑料。
本实施例制备的莫来石质可塑料经测定：硬化时间为13~15个月；110℃×12h热处理后体积密度为2.68~2.70g/cm3；110℃×12h热处理后冷态耐压强度为36~38MPa。
本具体实施方式与现有技术相比具有如下积极效果：
1、本具体实施方式采用煤矸石为主要原料，实现固体废弃物资源的有效回收利用，大幅降低了莫来石质可塑料的开发成本，制备工艺简单。
2、本具体实施方式通过预烧热处理技术，降低原料组分的二次莫来石化对可塑料体积稳定性的影响，进而增大了莫来石质可塑料的体积密度和强度。
本具体实施方式制备的莫来石质可塑料经测定：硬化时间为10~15个月；110℃×12h热处理后体积密度为2.65~2.70g/cm3；110℃×12h热处理后冷态耐压强度为35~38MPa。
因此，本具体实施方式具有成本低廉和工艺简单的特点；所制备的莫来石质可塑料的体积密度大、耐压强度高和保存周期长。
Claims (6)
1.一种莫来石质可塑料的制备方法，其特征在于所述制备方法的步骤是：
步骤一、按聚丙烯酸钠∶聚乙二醇400∶聚丙烯酰胺∶水的质量比为(0.02～0.05)∶(0.05～0.1)∶(0.05～0.08)∶1，在30～35℃水浴条件下，将聚丙烯酸钠、聚乙二醇400、聚丙烯酰胺和水置入容器中，搅拌5～8分钟，制得结合剂；
步骤二、按煤矸石︰γ-氧化铝微粉︰硅粉的质量比为1︰(0.5～0.6)︰(0.05～0.1)，将煤矸石、γ-氧化铝微粉和硅粉在行星球磨机中混合20～30分钟，制得混合料；
步骤三、按所述混合料︰二氧化钛溶胶的质量比为1︰(0.04～0.06)，向所述混合料中加入所述二氧化钛溶胶，混合5～8分钟，然后加入模具中成型，得到成型后的坯体；
步骤四、将所述成型后的坯体置于马弗炉中，在空气气氛和1350～1400℃条件下热处理1～2小时，随炉冷却，得到热处理后的物料；
步骤五、将所述热处理后的物料破碎，研磨，筛分，分别得到粒度为3～4mm的A物料、粒度为1～2mm的B物料和粒度小于80μm的C物料；
步骤六、将55～60wt％的所述A物料、14～19wt％的所述B物料、22～27wt％的所述C物料和1～3wt％的氯化钙细粉加入搅拌机中，混合5～10分钟，制得混合均质料；
步骤七、按所述混合均质料︰所述结合剂的质量比为1︰(0.05～0.08)，向所述混合均质料中加入所述结合剂，混合均匀，困料8～10小时，即得莫来石质可塑料；
所述硅粉的Si含量≥96wt％；硅粉的粒度为60～80μm；
所述氯化钙细粉的CaCl2含量≥98wt％；CaCl2细粉的粒度为60～80μm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的莫来石质可塑料的制备方法，其特征在于所述聚丙烯酸钠、聚乙二醇400和聚丙烯酰胺均为化学纯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的莫来石质可塑料的制备方法，其特征在于所述煤矸石的主要化学成分为：Al2O3为40～50wt％，SiO2为30～40wt％，Fe2O3≤0.5wt％，(Na2O+K2O)≤0.5wt％，(MgO+CaO)≤0.5wt％；煤矸石的粒度为60～80μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的莫来石质可塑料的制备方法，其特征在于所述γ-氧化铝微粉的Al2O3含量≥98wt％；γ-氧化铝微粉的粒度为60～80μm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的莫来石质可塑料的制备方法，其特征在于所述二氧化钛溶胶的TiO2含量为10～15wt％。
6.一种莫来石质可塑料，其特征在于所述莫来石质可塑料是根据权利要求1～5项中任一项所述的莫来石质可塑料的制备方法所制备的莫来石质可塑料。
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| CN101857454A (zh) * | 2010-06-28 | 2010-10-13 | 通达耐火技术股份有限公司 | 一种矾土基高致密耐火合成料及生产方法 |
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| CN106431371A (zh) * | 2016-09-22 | 2017-02-22 | 郑州大学 | 一种高强闭孔莫来石材料及其制备方法 |
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| CN101857454A (zh) * | 2010-06-28 | 2010-10-13 | 通达耐火技术股份有限公司 | 一种矾土基高致密耐火合成料及生产方法 |
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