CN107208752B - 带有多个行星齿轮组轴和至少一个能转动地支承的另外的轴的行星变速器设备 - Google Patents

带有多个行星齿轮组轴和至少一个能转动地支承的另外的轴的行星变速器设备 Download PDF

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CN107208752B
CN107208752B CN201680008578.9A CN201680008578A CN107208752B CN 107208752 B CN107208752 B CN 107208752B CN 201680008578 A CN201680008578 A CN 201680008578A CN 107208752 B CN107208752 B CN 107208752B
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CN107208752A (zh
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斯特凡·贝克
马克·泽贝格尔
米夏埃尔·韦克斯
于尔根·瓦夫齐希
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Zf Frederick Harfin Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/62—Gearings having three or more central gears
    • F16H3/66—Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4816—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox internal shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H2061/0046—Details of fluid supply channels, e.g. within shafts, for supplying friction devices or transmission actuators with control fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/0008—Transmissions for multiple ratios specially adapted for front-wheel-driven vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0052—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising six forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/201—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with three sets of orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2043—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes with five engaging means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

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Abstract

本发明涉及带有多个行星齿轮组(P1至P3)、变速器输入轴(7)、变速器输出轴(8)和至少一个能转动地支承的另外的轴(9)的行星变速器设备(3)，行星齿轮组分别带有多个行星齿轮组轴(10至21)。轴(9)通过用于呈现至少一个传动比的至少一个换挡元件(K1至K3)能够与其中至少一个行星齿轮组轴(10、16、17、18)连接，并且能够接通到变速器输入轴和变速器输出轴之间的动力流中，并且直接与相对壳体固定的构件(22)作用连接，通过作用连接，从相对壳体固定的构件(22)出发，用于至少一个换挡元件(K1至K3)的操作能量能够导入到另外的轴(9)中。

Description

带有多个行星齿轮组轴和至少一个能转动地支承的另外的轴 的行星变速器设备
技术领域
本发明涉及详细限定的类型的带有多个行星齿轮组、变速器输入轴、变速器输出轴和至少一个另外的能转动地支承的轴的行星变速器设备，行星齿轮组分别带有多个行星齿轮组轴。
背景技术
由DE 10 2009 028 670 A1公知了实施为行星变速器的多级变速器，其带有九个前进挡和一个倒挡。多级变速器包括四个行星齿轮组、八个能转动的轴和六个换挡元件。多级变速器的变速器输入轴可以仅通过换挡元件与行星组的不同的行星齿轮组轴联接，并且因此是所谓的自由轴。因为变速器输入轴直接与相对壳体固定的构件作用连接，所以例如，对于换挡元件的操作需要的激励能量可以直接从壳体引导到变速器输入轴中，并且通过变速器输入轴引导至换挡元件。
然而在此不利的是，除了激励或操作换挡元件以外，变速器输入轴还必须提供另外的功能性，例如对多级变速器的不同构件的润滑、对变速器泵的驱动、用于在其上布置的构件的支承功能和类似功能，因此，这种变速器输入轴实施有不期望地高的结构复杂性，并且因此其特征在于昂贵的制造。
同样实施有自由轴的行星变速器由US 8 545 362 B1公知，其中，自由端部既不是变速器输入轴，也不是变速器输出轴。然而不利地，行星变速器的自由轴布置在行星齿轮组之间的区域中，因此，通过自由轴激励行星变速器的换挡元件仅可以以不期望地高的费用实现。
发明内容
本发明的任务是提供一种可简单且低成本地制造的行星变速器设备。
根据本发明，该任务利用如下的行星变速器设备解决，即，带有多个行星齿轮组、变速器输入轴、变速器输出轴和至少一个另外的能转动地支承的轴的行星变速器设备，行星齿轮组分别带有多个行星齿轮组轴，另外的能转动地支承的轴通过用于呈现至少一个传动比的至少一个换挡元件可以与至少一个行星齿轮组轴连接，并且可以接到变速器输入轴和变速器输出轴之间的动力流中，另外的轴直接与相对壳体固定的构件作用连接，通过作用连接，从相对壳体固定的构件出发，用于至少一个换挡元件的操作能量可以导入到另外的轴中。
根据本发明的行星变速器设备实施有至少一个变速器内部的轴或自由轴，其既不是变速器输入轴也不是变速器输出轴，并且仅可以通过一个或多个换挡元件与一个或多个行星齿轮组轴相联，并且附加地可以以很小的成本直接从壳体接近，或者直接与壳体作用连接。另外的轴(其根据限定是行星变速器设备的所谓的自由轴)根据本发明在期望的范围内可以直接从壳体触及。行星变速器设备的根据本发明的实施方案以简单的方式和方法提供了如下可能性，即，将用于操作至少一个换挡元件的操作力或操作能量以很小的成本从壳体并且通过另外的轴引导至换挡元件，并且与由现有技术公知的行星变速器相比尤其是在结构上更简单地实施变速器输入轴，这是因为在根据本发明的行星变速器设备中，通过变速器输入轴满足更少量的功能性。
在此，根据本发明的行星变速器设备在多于一个的换挡元件从壳体出发通过作用连接和通过另外的轴可以分别加载以操作力或操作能量的实施方案中可以实施有促成低损耗功率的、很少数量的所谓的转动接头，在其区域中，操作能量分别从静止的壳体区域出发进一步引导到转动的另外的轴上。
在根据本发明的行星变速器设备的有利的实施方式中，至少一个构造为离合器的换挡元件通过作用连接和通过另外的轴可以由执行器加载以操作力或操作能量。
如果行星变速器设备包括至少三个行星齿轮组和至少五个换挡元件，那么与由现有技术公知的解决方案相比，通过另外的轴对换挡元件进行的激励可以以很小的费用实现，这是因为激励能量可以通过另外的轴以结构简单的方式和方法从壳体导入到行星齿轮组之间的区域中，或者可以引导到这些区域中。
如果基本上所有构造为离合器的换挡元件可以通过另外的轴由执行器加载以操作力或操作能量，那么根据本发明的行星变速器设备在结构上可以以特别简单的方式和方法运行。
在根据本发明的行星变速器设备的同样结构简单和低成本的改进方案中，操作力或操作能量在另外的轴和相对壳体固定的构件之间的作用连接的区域中可以从相对壳体固定的构件导入到轴中。
根据分别存在的应用情况，通过执行器对换挡元件的操作气动地和/或液压地和/或电地和/或机械地实现。
如果操作力或操作能量可以沿轴向和/或径向方向在变速器壳体的背离变速器输入轴的一侧导入到另外的轴中，那么根据本发明的行星变速器设备特别适用于车辆中的前部横置布置(Front Quer Anordnung)。这由如下事实得到，即，在变速器壳体的背离变速器输入轴的一侧或在带有前部横置布置的车辆中的行星变速器设备的背离发动机的一侧，用于布置执行器或至少一个联接装置的结构空间通常足够用于将由执行器提供的操作能量传递到另外的轴中。
在根据本发明的行星变速器设备的同样可简单制造的且结构简单的实施方式中，用于至少一个待操作的换挡元件的操作力或操作能量可以在另外的轴的自由端部的端面的区域中导入到该另外的轴中。
如果转矩在变速器输出轴的区域中可以沿径向方向导入行星变速器设备中，或者可以从其中导出，或者如果根据本发明的行星变速器设备实施有用于前部横置结构方式的侧向输出部，那么另外的轴例如可以构造为在壳体中能转动地支承的实心轴。
如果另外的轴构造为实心轴，那么其又在通过另外的轴液压和/或气动地操作换挡元件的情况下可以以简单的方式和方法构造有为此所需的孔。
在根据本发明的行星变速器设备的有利的改进方案中，另外的轴至少构造有基本上沿该另外的轴的纵向方向延伸的纵向孔，通过纵向孔，行星变速器设备的至少一个换挡元件或多个换挡元件在期望的范围内可以加载以设置用于进行操作的操作力或操作能量。
如果用于交换转矩的另外的轴可以与至少一个电机作用连接，那么电机根据行星变速器设备的实施方案可以以高的自由度与一个或多个行星齿轮组轴通过行星变速器设备的与另外的轴共同作用的换挡元件相联，并且可以在期望的范围内呈现不同的运行模式，例如发电机运行、实施有行星变速器设备的车辆驱动系的马达驱动、所谓的加力运行(Boostbetrieb)和类似运行。
在权利要求书中说明的特征和在根据本发明的行星变速器设备的随后的实施例中说明的特征分别单独地或者以相互间的任意组合适用于改进根据本发明的主题。
附图说明
根据本发明的行星变速器设备的另外的优点和有利的实施方式由权利要求书和随后参考附图按原理描述的实施例得到。其中：
图1示出处于前部横置布置中的车辆驱动系的非常示意性的图示；
图2示出根据图1的行星变速器设备的优选的实施方式的齿轮简图；
图3示出根据图2的行星变速器设备的换挡图。
具体实施方式
图1示出车辆的处于前部横置布置中的车辆驱动系1，其带有驱动机2、行星变速器设备3和可驱动的车辆前桥5的差速器4。驱动机2通过马达输出轴6与行星变速器设备3的变速器输入轴7联接，而行星变速器设备3在变速器输出轴8的区域中与差速器4作用连接。
图2示出根据图1的行星变速器设备3的优选的实施方式的齿轮简图，行星变速器设备带有三个行星齿轮组P1至P3，其当前分别作为三轴式的行星齿轮组分别构造有太阳轮19、13、17、行星齿轮21、11、15、行星接片或行星架20、12、16和齿圈18、10、14或分别构造有三个行星齿轮组轴19、21、20或13、11、12或17、15、16。行星齿轮组P1至P3的行星齿轮组轴10至21可以通过两个构造为制动器的换挡元件B1、B2局部地在壳体侧抗相对转动地示出。在此，行星齿轮组轴12和14、行星齿轮组轴16和18以及行星齿轮组轴13和19分别抗相对转动地相互连接。附加地，行星齿轮组P1至P3的其中一些行星齿轮组轴10至21可以通过三个构造为离合器的摩擦锁合(reibschlüssig)的换挡元件K1至K3抗相对转动地相互联接。此外，行星变速器设备3包括另外的轴9，其可以通过换挡元件K1至K3与行星齿轮组P1至P3的行星齿轮组轴10、16和12、17联接，并且因此根据限定是行星变速器设备3的所谓的自由轴。
图3附加地示出根据图2的行星变速器设备3的换挡图，在换挡图中可以示出六个用于前进行驶的传动比“1”至“6”和用于后退行驶的传动比“R”。在此，在根据图3的换挡图中，换挡元件K1至K3和B1、B2分别利用字母X表示，为了呈现各自的传动比“1”至“R”换挡元件保持在闭合的运行状态中，或者转移到该闭合的运行状态中，而相应另外的换挡元件B1至K3保持在断开的运行状态中，或者转移到该断开的运行状态中。因此，当存在用于示出前进行驶的第一传动比“1”的相应的要求时，两个制动器B1和B2和换挡元件K2例如保持在闭合的运行状态中，或者转移到该闭合的运行状态中。于是，在变速器输入轴7的区域中存在的转矩首先引导到第二行星齿轮组P2的齿圈10上，并且通过第二行星齿轮组P2的行星齿轮11传递到第二行星齿轮组P2的行星架12上。与第二行星齿轮组P2的太阳轮13咬合的行星齿轮11在被闭合的制动器B1抗相对转动地保持的太阳轮13上在相应的范围内滚动。第二行星齿轮组P2的行星架12抗相对转动地与第三行星齿轮组P3的齿圈14连接，第三行星齿轮组P3的行星齿轮15又与该齿圈咬合。
行星齿轮15能转动地布置在第三行星齿轮组P3的行星架16上，其在离合器K2闭合的情况下抗相对转动地与另外的轴9连接。第三行星齿轮组P3的太阳轮17通过同样闭合的制动器B2抗相对转动地保持，因此，驱动机2的通过第二行星齿轮组P2从变速器输入轴7朝第三行星齿轮组P3的方向传递的转矩通过第三行星齿轮组P3的行星架16引导到第一行星齿轮组P1的与之抗相对转动地连接的齿圈18上。第一行星齿轮组P1的太阳轮19抗相对转动地与第二行星齿轮组P2的太阳轮13联接，并且同样被闭合的制动器B1抗相对转动地保持，因此，通过齿圈18导入的转矩通过第一行星齿轮组P1的与变速器输出轴8作用连接的行星架20从行星变速器设备3导出，并且朝差速器4的方向进一步引导。齿圈18上的转矩通过第一行星齿轮组的与齿圈18和太阳轮19咬合的行星齿轮21传递到行星架20上。
另外的轴9是行星变速器设备3的变速器内部的轴，其既不是行星变速器设备3的变速器输入轴7，也不是行星变速器设备3的变速器输出轴8，并且可以通过换挡元件K1至K3与行星齿轮组P2和P3的行星齿轮组轴10、16和17以及与第一行星齿轮组P1的齿圈18或行星齿轮组轴作用连接。附加地，另外的轴9直接与行星变速器设备3的相对壳体固定的构件22或变速器壳体作用连接，或能转动地支承在该构件或变速器壳体中。另外的轴9的自由轴端部23在行星变速器设备3的背离驱动机2的一侧能转动地支承在变速器壳体22中，并且在车辆横向方向上设置在行星变速器设备3的背离驱动机2的一侧。
在另外的轴9的自由轴端部23的区域中设置有自身公知的所谓的液压转动接头24，通过液压转动接头，液压流体可以从变速器壳体22沿径向方向导入到另外的轴9或设置在其中的实施为孔的液压线路中。通过另外的轴9的孔，离合器K1至K3在期望的范围内可以加载以液压流体并且可以被操作。
在根据图2的行星变速器设备3中，所有构造为离合器的换挡元件K1至K3的换挡元件半体分别与另外的轴9联接，因此，这些换挡元件半体可以以简单的方式和方法通过另外的轴9加载以对于操作所需的操作力。
由于将自由轴端部23布置在行星变速器设备3的背离驱动机2的一侧，因此对于操作离合器K1至K3所需的激励能量在行星变速器设备3的区域受限的空间上可以直接从变速器壳体22导入到自由的变速器内部的轴9中。
根据分别存在的应用情况也存在如下可能性，即，离合器K1至K3通过轴9除了液压操作以外为此附加地或为此替选地还电地和/或气动地和/或机械地在期望的范围内从自由轴端部23通过轴9操作。
在当前通过构造为实心轴的另外的轴9液压式地激励离合器K1至K3的情况下，离合器K1至K3可以以很小的成本从变速器壳体22触及。此外，离合器K1至K3通过与另外的轴9的连接可以在结构空间上有利地在径向上相互嵌套地布置，因此，行星变速器设备3可以实施为具有在轴向方向上小的结构空间需求。
因为在另外的轴9上并不布置齿轮，所以另外的轴9以结构简单的方式和方法仅沿径向方向在变速器壳体22中通过相应的径向轴承支撑。
此外，根据分别存在的应用情况存在如下可能性，即，与另外的轴9连接的换挡元件K1至K3实施为形状锁合的(formschlüssig)换挡元件，例如爪式换挡元件、同步装置和类似装置，或者实施为摩擦锁合的换挡元件，例如多片式离合器和类似装置。
附图标记列表
1 车辆驱动系
2 驱动机
3 行星变速器设备
4 差速器
5 可驱动的车辆前桥
6 马达输出轴
7 变速器输入轴
8 变速器输出轴
9 另外的轴
10 第二行星齿轮组的齿圈
11 第二行星齿轮组的行星齿轮
12 第二行星齿轮组的行星架
13 第二行星齿轮组的太阳轮
14 第三行星齿轮组的齿圈
15 第三行星齿轮组的行星齿轮
16 第三行星齿轮组的行星架
17 第三行星齿轮组的太阳轮
18 第一行星齿轮组的齿圈
19 第一行星齿轮组的太阳轮
20 第一行星齿轮组的行星架
21 第一行星齿轮组的行星齿轮
22 相对壳体固定的构件、变速器壳体
23 另外的轴的自由轴端部
24 液压转动接头
B1、B2 制动器、换挡元件
K1-K3 离合器、换挡元件
P1 第一行星齿轮组
P2 第二行星齿轮组
P3 第三行星齿轮组
“1”-“6” 用于前进行驶的传动比
“R” 用于后退行驶的传动比

Claims (12)

1.带有多个行星齿轮组(P1至P3)、变速器输入轴(7)、变速器输出轴(8)和至少一个能转动地支承的另外的轴(9)的行星变速器设备(3)，所述行星齿轮组分别带有多个行星齿轮组轴(10至21)，所述另外的轴通过用于呈现至少一个传动比的至少一个换挡元件(K1至K3)能够与行星齿轮组轴(10、16、17、18)中的至少一个连接，并且能够接入变速器输入轴(7)和变速器输出轴(8)之间的动力流中，其特征在于，所述另外的轴(9)直接与相对壳体固定的构件(22)作用连接，通过作用连接，从相对壳体固定的构件(22)出发，用于至少一个换挡元件(K1至K3)的操作能量能够导入到所述另外的轴(9)中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的行星变速器设备，其特征在于，至少一个构造为离合器的换挡元件(K1至K3)能够通过作用连接和另外的轴(9)由执行器加载以操作能量。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的行星变速器设备，其特征在于，设置有至少三个行星齿轮组(P1至P3)和至少五个换挡元件(B1、B2、K1至K3)。
4.根据权利要求2所述的行星变速器设备，其特征在于，所有构造为离合器的换挡元件(K1至K3)都能够通过另外的轴(9)由执行器加载以操作能量。
5.根据权利要求2所述的行星变速器设备，其特征在于，在另外的轴(9)和相对壳体固定的构件(22)之间的作用连接的区域中所述操作能量能够从相对壳体固定的构件(22)导入到所述另外的轴(9)中。
6.根据权利要求2所述的行星变速器设备，其特征在于，通过执行器对换挡元件(B1、B2、K1至K3)进行的操作气动地和/或液压地和/或电地和/或机械地实现。
7.根据权利要求2所述的行星变速器设备，其特征在于，所述操作能量能够沿轴向和/或径向方向在变速器壳体的背离变速器输入轴(7)的一侧导入到另外的轴(9)中。
8.根据权利要求2所述的行星变速器设备，其特征在于，用于至少一个待操作的换挡元件的操作能量能够在所述另外的轴的自由端部的端面的区域中导入所述另外的轴中。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的行星变速器设备，其特征在于，在变速器输出轴(8)的区域中，转矩能够沿径向方向导入到行星变速器设备(3)中，或者从其中导出。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的行星变速器设备，其特征在于，所述另外的轴(9)构造为实心轴。
11.根据权利要求1或2所述的行星变速器设备，其特征在于，所述另外的轴(9)至少构造有沿所述另外的轴(9)的纵向方向延伸的纵向孔。
12.根据权利要求1或2所述的行星变速器设备，其特征在于，用于交换转矩的所述另外的轴能够与至少一个电机作用连接。
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