CN107193035B - Detection system and method based on microwave pump-back atoms in atomic interferometer - Google Patents
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- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/29—Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a detection system and a detection method based on a microwave pump-back in an atomic interferometer, wherein the detection system comprises a laser light source, a microwave frequency source, a detection light path, an atomic imaging device and time sequence control; the falling atoms after interference are positioned on two different a, b quantum states, interact with a beam of detection light which is horizontally arranged above the space to generate fluorescence, and the information N of the number of the atoms of the b quantum states is obtained through an imaging system b The quantum state atoms are removed from the detection area in the process of continuing to fall; before another a quantum state atom enters a beam of detection light which is horizontally lower in space, the quantum state atom is pumped back to a b quantum state which can interact with the detection light by a microwave pump back method, and after the rest atomic groups pass through the lower beam of detection light to emit fluorescence, the information N of the number of the a quantum state atoms is obtained a . The invention has the advantages of simple and compact light path structure, identical frequency of the upper and lower laser beams, unchanged background light intensity, quick turn-on and turn-off of the microwave source and strong practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of atomic molecular physics, and particularly relates to a detection system and method based on microwave pump-back atoms in an atomic interferometer.
Background
Over the past decades, atomic interferometry has rapidly evolved into powerful tools in precision measurements. Because of its potentially high sensitivity, it has been used to examine the basic principles of some physics in the field of precision measurement, exploring new physical fields; meanwhile, the method has important application prospects in engineering fields such as resource exploration, gravity assisted navigation and the like.
After the atoms of the atomic interferometer interact with the laser to complete the interference process, the interference phase shift is characterized by the transition probability at a certain quantum state. The amount can be calculated by measuring the proportion of the number of atoms in different quantum states finally in the experiment. In order to obtain interference fringes with high signal-to-noise ratio, a cold atom detection system with high precision and high sensitivity is designed to occupy an important ring in the whole process.
Taking Mach-Zender atomic interferometers as an example, the expression of the superposition state after interference is as follows: i ψ>＝c a |a>+c b |b>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Transition probability p≡c b | 2 . Experimentally detecting the number N of atoms distributed over two states a ，N b Ratio N b /(N a +N b ) Is considered to be in the superimposed state, which is an approximation of the probability of the distribution of the quantum state, i.e., P.apprxeq.N b /(N a +N b )。
For the detection of the number of atoms, the following methods can be classified: when an atom is in the laser field, the atomic and photon resonance transitions from the ground state to the excited state, since the excited state lifetime is extremely short (for 87 Rb atom 5 2 P 3/2 About 26 ns), the atoms emit a photon back to the ground state quickly and the above process is repeated. In this process, since a portion of the detection laser light has photons of a fixed direction absorbed by the atoms and then scattered in all directions, if the photons of spontaneous radiation of the atoms scattered in all directions are collected and the intensities thereof are measured, it is possible to obtainThe method for detecting the number of atoms is a fluorescence method; the intensity of the detection light is weakened after the detection light passes through the atomic groups, and if the change of the intensity of the detection light is measured, the related information such as the distribution, the number and the like of the atomic groups can be obtained, which is the so-called absorption method; background detection light which does not react with atoms is removed by an optical imaging technology based on an absorption method, and only fluorescence is collected and the detection light after diffraction through atomic groups is a so-called dark background imaging method (see M.Pappa, P.C.Condylis, G.O.Konstantinidis, V.Bolpasi, A.Lazoudis, O.Morizot, D.Sahagun, M.Baker, W, von Klitzing,2011, ultra-sensitive atom imaging for matter-wave optics New J.Phys.13, 115012).
Due to the number N of atoms to be detected in both states a ，N b Thus, time-sequential detection is classified into time-division detection and simultaneous detection methods. The former is a method for measuring two quantum states respectively through two different detection areas at different times; the latter is a method of spatially separating two states of atoms first and then simultaneously detecting them. (see: G.W.Biedermann, X.Wu, L.Deslauriers, K.Takase, M.A.Kasevich,2009 Low-noise simultaneousfluorescence detection of two atomic states, opt. Lett. 34).
A conventional detection scheme for various quantum state radicals in atomic interferometers is time-division fluorescence detection (A.Peters, K.Y.Chung, S.Chu,2001, high-precision gravity measurements using atom interferometry, metarologic, 38). Because of the use of normalized detection, the atoms need to be irradiated with detection light pulse signals with the same frequency twice in time sequence to collect fluorescence signals, so that an optical switch module capable of rapidly responding to on and off is needed; and a pump light with a frequency different from that of the probe light is irradiated in the interval time of the two probe light beams, which requires a laser light source to have a frequency shift module for generating a plurality of frequencies. There is another improved method that the two probe light beams and the pump back light beam are kept in the on state all the time, but the background light intensity is different when different quantum state is detected, and the evaluation of the atomic number proportion during imaging is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a detection system and a detection method based on microwave pump-back atoms in an atomic interferometer, which aim to solve the problems that in the prior art, the requirement for fast switching laser beams and generating a plurality of laser frequencies causes the increase of optical devices, and one of two beams of detection light is synthesized by different light spots of two laser frequencies, so that the background light intensity is not uniform compared with the other beam of single frequency.
The invention provides a detection system based on microwave pump-back atoms in an atomic interferometer, which comprises: the device comprises a laser light source module, a detection light path, a microwave frequency source device, an atomic imaging device and a time sequence control module; the laser light source module is used for generating laser with atomic action frequency; the detection light path is used for conducting the laser to a detection area in the vacuum cavity; microwaves generated by the microwave frequency source device interact with atoms in the detection area through an antenna to generate excited atoms; the atomic imaging device is used for collecting fluorescent signals of the excited atoms; the time sequence module is controlled to be respectively connected with the laser light source module, the detection light path, the microwave frequency source device and the atomic imaging device and used for controlling the on/off of each module in the whole detection process.
Still further, the detection light path includes: lambda/2 wave plate, PBS, reflector and light blocking piece; the lambda/2 wave plate and the PBS form a laser inlet for adjusting the optical power of laser irradiated into the vacuum cavity; the reflecting mirror is arranged at the other side of the vacuum cavity relative to the light incidence direction and is used for reflecting laser along an original path; the light blocking sheet is arranged at the position 1/4 of the position below the mirror surface of the reflecting mirror and is used for blocking the part of the reflecting mirror so that incident light is not reflected.
Still further, the microwave frequency source device includes: a microwave frequency synthesizer, a microwave amplifier and a microwave antenna which are connected in sequence through a coaxial cable; the microwave frequency synthesizer is used for generating a microwave signal, the microwave amplifier is used for amplifying the microwave signal, and the microwave antenna is used for radiating the amplified microwave signal to the center of the detection area.
Still further, the atomic imaging apparatus includes: the lens and the photodiode are respectively arranged at two sides of the vacuum cavity; the lens is used for focusing the phase in the center of the detection area of the vacuum cavity on one side of the lens onto the photodiode on the other side; the photodiode is used for converting an optical signal into an electrical signal.
The invention also provides a detection method based on microwave pump-back atoms in the atomic interferometer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) When an atomic group to be detected enters a detection system, controlling a first beam of laser to interact with the atomic group so that the atomic group emits first fluorescence;
(2) Accelerating a first state atom towards an orthogonal direction of atom falling by using a first beam of laser by using a method of a light blocking sheet, and stripping the state atom from the whole falling atomic group;
(3) When the stripped atomic group only comprising the second state atoms falls between the first beam of laser and the second beam of horizontal laser, controlling the interaction between the microwaves and the second state atoms so that all the second state atoms return to the first state;
(4) Controlling the interaction of the second laser beam and the atoms which are originally in the first state and are changed into the second state so that the atomic groups emit second fluorescence;
(5) Obtaining the number proportion of atoms in two states in the atomic group to be detected according to the first fluorescence and the second fluorescence.
Further, the frequencies and powers of the first laser beam and the second laser beam are the same.
Further, the frequencies of the first and second laser beams are the frequencies at which atoms transition from the ground state |b > to the excited state |i >.
Further, a distance between the first laser beam and the second laser beam is 100mm or more.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) The light source light path structure of the invention is simple, and only one laser frequency from the state of |b > to the state of |i > is detected in the whole process of the laser source, so that an optical component for generating the laser frequency from the state of |a > to the state of |i > is omitted.
(2) The microwave source can be rapidly turned on and off in the order of 100ns, so that the simplification of time sequence control is realized, and an optical switching device is omitted.
(3) Because no extra pump-back light is needed to be introduced from the transition from the state |a > to the state |i >, the frequency and the light intensity of the upper and lower beams of detection light are the same in the whole detection process, and the state of opening is always kept, so that the background light intensity is the same and kept unchanged when two atomic state fluorescent signals are detected for an atomic imaging system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a spatial configuration of a detection system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of atomic energy level structure and laser and microwave frequencies;
FIG. 3 is a timing diagram of a probing system.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention relates to a method for detecting the number of stacked quantum state atoms in an atomic interferometer; aiming at the defects of the prior art of time-sharing fluorescence detection, the detection method with simple time sequence control, few optical devices, strong feasibility and high precision is provided.
The invention provides a detection system based on microwave pump-back atoms in an atomic interferometer, which comprises: the device comprises a laser light source module, a detection light path, a microwave frequency source device, an atomic imaging device and a time sequence control module; the laser source module generates laser with atomic action frequency and is placed on the optical platform; the detection light path transmits laser at the light source to a detection area in the vacuum cavity, wherein various devices are arranged around the vacuum cavity; the microwave generated by the microwave frequency source device interacts with atoms in the detection area through an antenna, and the antenna emits towards the vacuum cavity detection area; the atomic imaging device is responsible for collecting fluorescence signals of excited atoms and is arranged around a detection area window; the whole process is controlled by a time sequence module to be turned on and off, and the time sequence module is connected to each module through electronic circuits and devices.
In the embodiment of the invention, the atoms falling after interference are positioned on two different a and b quantum states, interact with a beam of detection light horizontally arranged in space to generate fluorescence, and the information N of the number of the atoms in the b quantum states is obtained through an imaging system b The quantum state atoms are removed from the detection area in the process of continuing to fall; before another a quantum state atom enters a beam of detection light which is horizontally lower in space, the quantum state atom is pumped back to a b quantum state which can interact with the detection light by a microwave pump back method, and after the rest atomic groups pass through the lower beam of detection light to emit fluorescence, the information N of the number of the a quantum state atoms is obtained a . The invention has the advantages of simple and compact light path structure, identical frequency of the upper and lower laser beams, unchanged background light intensity, quick turn-on and turn-off of the microwave source and strong practicability.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the detection optical path includes: lambda/2 wave plate, PBS, reflector and light blocking piece; the lambda/2 wave plate and the PBS are used as a laser inlet of a detection light path, so that the adjustment of the light power of the laser irradiated into the vacuum cavity is realized; the reflecting mirror is arranged at the other side of the vacuum cavity relative to the light incidence direction and reflects the laser along the original path; a light blocking sheet is arranged 1/4 of the position above the reflecting mirror surface, the part of the reflecting mirror is covered, and the incident light is not reflected.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a microwave frequency source device includes: a microwave frequency synthesizer, a microwave amplifier, a microwave antenna; the microwave signals are amplified and radiated to the center of the detection area through the low-loss coaxial cable connection.
In an embodiment of the present invention, an atomic imaging apparatus includes: a lens, a photodiode; the lens focuses the phase in the center of the detection area of the vacuum cavity on one side of the lens onto the photodiode on the other side; the photodiodes convert the optical signals into electrical signals for signal processing.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the timing control module includes: and the time sequence control software outputs a trigger power flat card in a time sequence control manner, and controls other devices through TTL level trigger.
In order to further explain the detection system based on the microwave pump-back atoms in the atomic interferometer provided by the embodiment of the invention, the working process is described in detail as follows:
(1) The atoms to be detected are positioned on two states |a >, |b > of the energy level of the ground state hyperfine structure, and the frequency difference between the two energy levels is in the microwave frequency range. Before atoms enter the detection system, the laser adjusts the emergent frequency through the light source module to generate laser light which can enable one of the ground states |b > to transition to the excited state |i >. The laser is spatially divided into an upper beam and a lower beam, and is incident into a detection light path formed by a series of optical components.
(2) When the atomic group to be detected enters the detection system along the direction of gravitational acceleration, the first laser beam which is spatially upper passes through the atomic group and is incident on the plane mirror to return in the original path, and the laser beam is only combined with the |b in the atomic group>The interaction of the state atoms generates photoelectric effect, so that the atomic groups emit first fluorescence, and an atomic imaging device collects fluorescence signals to obtain fluorescence intensity electric signals N b Because atoms are excited by photons in both directions, the horizontal force balance falls only in the direction of gravity.
(3) The first laser beam passes through the atomic group to the position 1/4 of the incidence surface of the plane mirror, which is close to the lower part, is provided with a light blocking sheet which does not reflect light, the |b > state atoms falling through the area are only excited by photons in a single direction, the horizontal stress is unbalanced, the acceleration of the orthogonal direction of the falling of the atoms is obtained, and the atoms in the state are stripped from the whole atomic group falling vertically.
(4) When the atomic group falls vertically and only comprises atoms in the state of |a >, and the atomic group is positioned between the upper beam of detection light and the lower beam of detection light, the timing control module controls the microwave frequency source device to generate microwaves, and all the atoms in the state of |a > are returned to the state of |b > and continuously fall after being amplified and radiated by the antenna.
(5) A second laser beam with the atomic group falling spatially down, in which case the atomic group newly transitions to |b>The interaction of the state atoms and the laser emits fluorescence and thenObtaining fluorescence intensity electrical signal N by atomic imaging device a 。
(6) According to the N b And N a The ratio of the number of atoms in the two states in the radical to be detected is obtained.
The invention also provides a detection method based on microwave pump-back atoms in the atomic interferometer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) When an atomic group to be detected enters a detection system, controlling a first beam of horizontal laser to interact with the atomic group so that the atomic group emits first fluorescence;
(2) Accelerating a first state atom towards an orthogonal direction of atom falling by using a first beam of laser by using a method of a light blocking sheet, and stripping the state atom from the whole falling atomic group;
(3) When the stripped atomic group only comprising the second state atoms falls between the first beam of laser and the second beam of horizontal laser, controlling the interaction between the microwaves and the second state atoms so that all the second state atoms return to the first state;
(4) Controlling the interaction of the second laser beam and the atoms which are originally in the first state and are changed into the second state so that the atomic groups emit second fluorescence;
(5) Obtaining the number proportion of atoms in two states in the atomic group to be detected according to the first fluorescence and the second fluorescence.
The frequency and the power of the two laser beams are the same, and the two laser beams always keep an on state in the whole process, wherein the frequency is the frequency for transferring atoms from a ground state |b > to an excited state |i >.
The distance between the first laser beam and the second laser beam is more than or equal to 100mm.
Compared with the method described in the background, the detection system and the detection method only need to generate laser with one frequency, namely from the ground state |b > to the excited state |i >, and an optical device for shifting the frequency of the laser is omitted; the whole process only needs to switch the microwave source once, and compared with a laser switch process, the microwave source is simple; the detection light is always kept in an on state, so that the time sequence control process can be simplified, and the high-speed corresponding switching process can be finished more easily; and meanwhile, the light intensity of the background light is the same and is always on, so that the influence caused by non-uniform background light on the final normalized calculation of the two base state ratios of atoms can be reduced.
To further illustrate embodiments of the invention, reference will now be made to 87 Rb atoms are exemplified and detailed below:
step 1, when the atom to be detected enters the detection system 87 Rb atoms are in the superimposed state and they are each the ground state energy level 5 of the atomic fine structure 2 S 1/2 F=1 and f=2 states, the frequency difference between the two energy levels being about 6.83GHz;
step 2, the atomic group is firstly passed through a beam of atoms and |5 2 S 1/2 ，F＝2>Detection light of state resonance, the laser frequency is |5 2 S 1/2 ，F＝2>->|5 2 P 1/2 ，F’＝3>The transition frequency is the absolute 5 of the atomic group obtained by the imaging device after the interaction of the probe light and the atoms 2 S 1/2 ，F＝2>Atomic number information N 2 ；
Step 3, immediately follow |5 2 S 1/2 ，F＝2>The atomic state falls to the height of the reflector light barrier, and is subjected to acceleration in the super-falling orthogonal direction, so that the atomic state is stripped from the whole atomic group;
step 4, the atomic group is in |5 2 S 1/2 ，F＝1>The atoms in the state do not act with the detection light and continuously fall, after falling below the light blocking sheet, the atoms are directly pumped back to |5 by using microwaves and radiating through an antenna 2 S 1/2 ，F＝2>In a state, the microwave frequency is 6.834682610GHz;
step 5, newly generated |5 2 S 1/2 ，F＝2>The atoms continue to fall down and act with another beam of detection light, and the detection method is the same as the above, so that the initial state of the atomic group is |5 2 S 1/2 ，F＝1>Atomic number information N 1 。
In order to further explain the detection system and method based on microwave pump-back atoms in the atomic interferometer provided by the embodiment of the invention, the following details are described with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in FIG. 1, two collimated beams of detection light with the same intensity are respectively incident into the detection area through the lambda/2 wave plate and the PBS by the upper window and the lower window of the detection area, and the vertical distance between the centers of the two beams of detection light is about 100mm, so that the coupling during the detection of two state atoms is avoided, and the intensity of the detection light entering the detection area can be adjusted by rotating the lambda/2 wave plate. When the detection light propagates unidirectionally, atoms are easy to be accelerated by the detection light so as to escape from an imaging target area, so that signals can be weakened, a reflecting mirror is added to the other side of the detection area to enable the detection light to return along an original path, and then falling atoms are stressed and balanced along the orthogonal direction of gravity; the atomic group falls in the vacuum container and acts with the detection light of the upper layer of the detection area, and the detection is carried out at the position of |b>Acquiring atoms in a state through an imaging system and calculating to obtain the corresponding number N of atoms b Then we do not need the part of atoms to fall down to avoid affecting the following detection, in this case, a light blocking sheet is added at the lower position in front of the upper beam detection light reflector, the light blocking sheet is a rectangular diaphragm which is not reflected, and is positioned at the position of |b>After detection, the atoms in the state can be accelerated along the incidence direction of the detection light so as to be removed; the remainder of the radicals being at |a>Before the atoms in state fall into the irradiation region of the lower beam of detection light, a beam of microwave generated by a microwave frequency source device is pumped back to the position of |b by microwave propagated through the radiation of the antenna>A state; newly generated b>The atomic state and the lower beam probe light act to obtain the |a by the same method>Number of state atoms N a 。
As shown in FIG. 2, the energy level of an atom is composed of a ground state and an excited state, wherein the excited state is composed of |i>The ground state is represented by two hyperfine energy levels |a>And |b>Composition; omega L To move the atom from the ground state |b>Transition to excited state i>Detecting the laser frequency; omega M To the ground state |a>Back to another ground state |b>Is used for pumping back the microwave frequency.
As shown in fig. 3, the on/off states of the laser and the microwave source are respectively represented by high and low levels in time; wherein the detection light is at the moment t when the atomic group enters the detection zone 0 Is kept after being opened, whichThe background light intensity is not changed in the whole detection process; the pump-back microwave is rapidly started in the interval time between the upper beam detection light and the lower beam detection light in the atom falling process, and the pulse width tau is kept for 4ms and then is closed.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A microwave back pump atom based detection system in an atomic interferometer, comprising: the device comprises a laser light source module, a detection light path, a microwave frequency source device, an atomic imaging device and a time sequence control module;
the laser light source module is used for generating laser with atomic action frequency;
the detection light path is used for dividing the laser into an upper beam of horizontal laser and a lower beam of horizontal laser and transmitting the upper beam of horizontal laser and the lower beam of horizontal laser to a detection area in the vacuum cavity; the frequency and the power of the upper and lower horizontal lasers are the same, wherein the frequency is the frequency of the transition from the first state atom to the excited state, so as to excite the transition from the first state atom to the excited state;
the microwave generated by the microwave frequency source device is transmitted between the upper beam of horizontal laser and the lower beam of horizontal laser of the detection area through an antenna so as to interact with the second state atom in the detection area, the second state atom is pumped back to the first state atom, and the excitation of the lower beam of horizontal laser is received after the second state atom falls; wherein the frequency difference between the first state atomic energy level and the second state atomic energy level is the same as the microwave frequency; the microwave frequency source device includes: a microwave frequency synthesizer, a microwave amplifier and a microwave antenna which are connected in sequence through a coaxial cable; the microwave frequency synthesizer is used for generating a microwave signal, the microwave amplifier is used for amplifying the microwave signal, and the microwave antenna is used for radiating the amplified microwave signal to the center of the detection area;
the atomic imaging device is used for collecting fluorescent signals of the excited atoms;
the time sequence control module is respectively connected with the laser light source module, the detection light path, the microwave frequency source device and the atomic imaging device and is used for controlling the on or off of each module in the whole detection process, wherein the time sequence control module controls the detection light path to keep an on state all the time in the whole detection process; and the time sequence control module controls the microwave frequency source device to generate microwaves when the second state atom is positioned between the upper beam of horizontal laser and the lower beam of horizontal laser, and pumps the second state atom back to the first state atom through amplification and antenna radiation.
2. The detection system of claim 1, wherein the detection light path comprises: lambda/2 wave plate, PBS, reflector and light blocking piece;
the lambda/2 wave plate and the PBS form a laser inlet for adjusting the optical power of laser irradiated into the vacuum cavity;
the reflecting mirror is arranged at the other side of the vacuum cavity relative to the light incidence direction and is used for reflecting laser along an original path;
the light blocking sheet is arranged at the position 1/4 of the position below the mirror surface of the reflecting mirror and is used for blocking the part of the reflecting mirror so that incident light is not reflected.
3. The detection system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the atomic imaging device comprises: the lens and the photodiode are respectively arranged at two sides of the vacuum cavity;
the lens is used for focusing the phase in the center of the detection area of the vacuum cavity on one side of the lens onto the photodiode on the other side;
the photodiode is used for converting an optical signal into an electrical signal.
4. The detection method based on the microwave pump-back atoms in the atomic interferometer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) When an atomic group to be detected enters a detection system, controlling a first beam of laser to interact with the atomic group so that the atomic group emits first fluorescence;
(2) Accelerating a first state atom towards an orthogonal direction of atom falling by using a first beam of laser by using a method of a light blocking sheet, and stripping the state atom from the whole falling atomic group;
(3) When the stripped atomic group only comprising the second state atoms falls between the first beam of laser and the second beam of horizontal laser, controlling the interaction between the microwaves and the second state atoms so that all the second state atoms return to the first state; the first laser beam and the second laser beam have the same frequency and power, and the frequency is the frequency of the transition from the first state atom to the excited state, so as to excite the transition from the first state atom to the excited state; the microwaves are generated by a microwave frequency source device, the frequency difference between the first state atomic energy level and the second state atomic energy level is the same as the microwave frequency, and the microwave frequency source device comprises: a microwave frequency synthesizer, a microwave amplifier and a microwave antenna which are connected in sequence through a coaxial cable; the microwave frequency synthesizer is used for generating a microwave signal, the microwave amplifier is used for amplifying the microwave signal, and the microwave antenna is used for radiating the amplified microwave signal to the center of the detection area;
(4) Controlling the interaction of the second laser beam and the atoms which are originally in the first state and are changed into the second state so that the atomic groups emit second fluorescence;
(5) Obtaining the number proportion of atoms in two states in the atomic group to be detected according to the first fluorescence and the second fluorescence;
during the whole detection process, the two laser beams are always kept in an on state.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first laser light and the second laser light have frequencies that are sized to transition atoms from a ground state |b > to an excited state |i >.
6. The method of detection according to claim 4 or 5, wherein a distance between the first laser light and the second laser light is 100mm or more.
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| CN109541672B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2023-05-12 | 华东师范大学 | Method and device for detecting electron spin transient information |
| CN109814049B (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2024-02-27 | 中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院 | Based on 43 Ca + Device and method for measuring weak high-frequency alternating magnetic field by ions |
| CN114689282B (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-12-20 | 华中科技大学 | Atomic interference device and method for calibrating amplification factor of imaging system on line |
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