CN107188775A - 一种两亲性分子筛负载Ru纳米粒子催化α‑蒎烯加氢制备顺式蒎烷的方法 - Google Patents
一种两亲性分子筛负载Ru纳米粒子催化α‑蒎烯加氢制备顺式蒎烷的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- XOKSLPVRUOBDEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N pinane of uncertain configuration Natural products CC1CCC2C(C)(C)C1C2 XOKSLPVRUOBDEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- XOKSLPVRUOBDEW-DJLDLDEBSA-N (1r,4s,5r)-4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptane Chemical compound C[C@H]1CC[C@H]2C(C)(C)[C@@H]1C2 XOKSLPVRUOBDEW-DJLDLDEBSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-IUCAKERBSA-N (-)-α-pinene Chemical compound CC1=CC[C@@H]2C(C)(C)[C@H]1C2 GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 title abstract 4
- MVNCAPSFBDBCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-pinene Natural products CC1=CCC23C1CC2C3(C)C MVNCAPSFBDBCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 2
- GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N rac-alpha-Pinene Natural products CC1=CCC2C(C)(C)C1C2 GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- -1 aminopropyl Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000005816 fluoropropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(F)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract 2
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 27
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 23
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 10
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M cetyltrimethylammonium chloride Chemical class [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002803 maceration Methods 0.000 description 6
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- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropan-1-amine Chemical class CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCN SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 229930006728 pinane Natural products 0.000 description 3
- JLGNHOJUQFHYEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCC(F)(F)F JLGNHOJUQFHYEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001157 Fourier transform infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical class CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XOKSLPVRUOBDEW-IWSPIJDZSA-N (1r,4r,5r)-4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptane Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@H]2C(C)(C)[C@@H]1C2 XOKSLPVRUOBDEW-IWSPIJDZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 101100001673 Emericella variicolor andH gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000779819 Syncarpia glomulifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001739 pinus spp. Substances 0.000 description 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000725 trifluoropropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C(F)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH](OC)OC YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940036248 turpentine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000010148 water-pollination Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C07C5/03—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation of non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon double bonds
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种两亲性分子筛负载Ru纳米粒子催化α‑蒎烯加氢高效制备顺式蒎烷的方法,属于催化剂的制备与应用领域。本发明所采用的催化剂是氟丙基、氨丙基改性的亲水亲油性分子筛MF@MN超声辅助下负载的Ru纳米粒子,将此催化剂应用于α‑蒎烯水相中加氢反应,可以高活性、高选择性、高稳定性地制备顺式蒎烷,反应结束后只需简单的离心即可将产物分离。本发明提供的方法加氢工艺条件温和,环境友好,无需任何有机溶剂,催化剂具有良好的重复使用性能,兼具反应的高效性和分离的简便性,可为α‑蒎烯的催化加氢制备顺式蒎烷提供有效方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种两亲性分子筛MF@MN负载的Ru纳米粒子催化剂催化α-蒎烯加氢制备顺式蒎烷的方法,具体的说是采用三氟丙基三甲氧基硅烷和3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷改性的水油两亲性分子筛,在超声辅助下负载Ru纳米粒子催化α-蒎烯加氢制备顺式蒎烷的方法,属于催化剂的制备与应用领域。
背景技术
α-蒎烯为松节油的主要成分,我国松节油含量丰富,但主要是作为原材料出口,利用率不高。α-蒎烯通过加氢反应可以得到顺式蒎烷和反式蒎烷,其中顺式蒎烷C-H活性高(T.Brose, W.Pritzkow and G.Thomas.Journal Für Praktische Chemie,1992.334(5):p.403-409.),具有更高的利用价值,在香料、材料、农药等领域需求量较大,因此在α-蒎烯加氢过程中提高顺式蒎烷的选择性具有重要意义。
目前工业上常用的α-蒎烯加氢催化剂主要是Pd/C、Pt/C、Ru/C,这些催化剂不仅价格昂贵,而且产物中的顺式异构体选择性不高。此外,碳材料作为载体,容易发生积碳或结焦,稳定性和重复利用性较差。Raney-Ni(B.I.Mengyu and T.Zeng.Journal ofNanjingForestry University,2003.511(1-3):p.1-15.)也是常用的α-蒎烯加氢催化剂,但一般是在60℃~150℃和2 MPa~10MPa的压力下进行催化反应,反应条件较为苛刻。
金属纳米粒子在催化方面的应用引起了研究者广泛的兴趣。Pd、Rh、Ni、Ru等纳米催化剂应用于α-蒎烯加氢反应表现出较高的催化活性。但纳米催化剂具有较大的表面能,易团聚,因此制备稳定的纳米催化剂具有重要意义。Denicourt-Nowicki等(A.Denicourt-Nowicki,A. Ponchel,E.Monflier and A.Roucoux.Dalton Transactions,2007.48(48):p.5714.)将环糊精稳定的Ru纳米粒子应用于催化α-蒎烯加氢反应的研究,在20℃,1大气压下反应7h转化率达到 100%,顺式蒎烷选择性可以达到96%;侯胜利等(S.L.Hou,C.X.Xie,H.Zhong and S.T.Yu. RSC Advances,2015.5:89552-89558.)用聚合物P123稳定钌制备Ru纳米粒子催化α-蒎烯加氢反应,在0.7MPa、40℃反应2h得到99%的转化率和高达99%顺式蒎烷选择性,但是在产物分离的过程中需额外添加有机萃取剂,萃取剂的加入对纳米粒子存在一定的破坏作用。
固体材料负载纳米粒子也是一种防止纳米粒子聚集的有效方法。常用的载体材料有金属有机物、无定型二氧化硅、活性炭材料、磁性材料(Y.Liu,L.Li,S.W.Liu,C.X.XieandS.T.Yu. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A Chemical,2016.424:p.269-275.)和介孔分子筛。介孔分子筛具有均一可调的孔径结构、大的比表面积、大孔容以及分子筛表面具有可进一步改性的硅羟基使其成为理想的载体材料。S Qiu等(S Qiu,YXu,YWeng,LMa andT Wang.Catalysts,2016. 6(9):p.134.)利用Ni纳米粒子高效分散在分子筛MCM-41上催化愈创木酚反应,在150℃条件下取得了97.9%的转化率;Ahmed等(M.Ahmed andA.Sakthivel.Journal of Molecular Catalysis A Chemical,2016.424:p.85-90.)利用钴羰基群嫁接在SBA-15分子筛骨架上对1-辛烯甲酰化,取得了97%的转化率和90%产物选择性。但在催化过程中,分子筛由于自身固有的亲水性,在油/水两相加氢过程中无法均匀的分散到有机相中,难以实现油/水两相兼容性,导致催化效率较低。杨恒全等(F.W.Zhang,S.Chen,H.Li,X.M.Zhang andH.Q.Yang.Rsc Advances,2015. 5(124):p.102811-102817.)利用疏水介孔碳和亲水性官能团氨丙基同时对分子筛改性,制备了“类胶束”的两亲性分子筛负载Pd纳米粒子,在水相中催化苯酚加氢取得了99%的转化率和接近99%的产物选择性,并且催化剂重复使用了6次后依然保持较高的催化活性。本研究中设计合成了两亲性分子筛负载型催化剂并将其应用到α-蒎烯水相加氢体系中,开发此工艺,希望寻求一条温和条件下制备顺式蒎烷、产物易分离、环境友好的新途径。
发明内容
为解决现有α-蒎烯加氢制备顺式蒎烷工艺中选择性差、产物难分离的问题,本发明提出了一种采用三氟丙基三甲氧基硅烷和3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷改性的两亲性分子筛MF@MN 超声辅助下负载的Ru纳米粒子制备负载型催化剂Ru/MF@MN催化α-蒎烯加氢制备顺式蒎烷的方法。该方法工艺简单,催化剂具有较高的催化活性和顺式蒎烷选择性,无需其他有机溶剂,且循环使用性能良好,为α-蒎烯加氢制备顺式蒎烷提供了一种新方法。
根据本发明,提供的两亲性分子筛负载Ru纳米粒子催化剂Ru/MF@MN组成、功能如下:在分子筛SiO2骨架中,引入三氟丙基三甲氧基硅烷和3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷两种官能团使分子筛具备水油两亲性,在超声辅助下,“类胶束”两亲性分子筛MF@MN的表面负载均匀分散、粒径均一的Ru纳米粒子得到两亲性负载型催化剂Ru/MF@MN。此催化剂体系中,两亲性分子筛载体MF@MN不仅可防止Ru纳米粒子的聚集,同时亲水性的外壳保证了固体催化剂在水相中的良好分散,而疏水性的内核增强了催化剂对有机底物的吸附能力,有效地克服了水相中有机底物接触催化剂活性中心的界面阻力。在“类胶束”两亲性分子筛载体MF@MN 开放性的孔道中形成的“微反应器”,既增大了反应物α-蒎烯的浓度从而实现反应的高催化活性,又有利于α-蒎烯的氢化反应从α-蒎烯的Endo面立体选择性进攻而提高顺式蒎烷的选择性 (J.M.Brown,A.E.Derome and G.D.Hughes.Australian Journal of Chemistry,1992.45(1): 143-153.),同时催化加氢反应体系中两亲性负载型催化剂Ru/MF@MN作为固体起泡剂所形成的水包油型气泡有利于固-液-气三相接触,也提高了反应的高效性。
本发明提供的两亲性分子筛负载Ru纳米粒子催化剂具体制备方法如下:
0.88g十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)、100mLH2O、125mL CH3OH、625μLNaOH水溶液(1mol/L)加入到500mL的三口烧瓶中,搅拌使其均匀分散后加入0.1636g正硅酸甲酯(TMOS)和0.0414g三氟丙基三甲氧基硅烷(TFPS),搅拌2h后,加入0.1829g TMOS和 0.0113g3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(APTS),继续搅拌12h,静置陈化12h,过滤、用超纯水洗至中性,真空干燥,将上述固体粉末用乙醇回流萃取三次(12h/次)除去有机模板剂,经真空干燥后即可得到分子筛MF@MN。称取0.1gMF@MN分子筛、15mgRuCl3·3H2O加入4mL 乙酸乙酯中超声30min后,于40℃浸渍12h,离心分离除去浸渍液,加入4mL乙酸乙酯和过量的硼氢化钠还原2h,用乙醇除去过量的硼氢化钠,50℃真空干燥4h,得到负载型两亲性催化剂Ru/MF@MN。
本发明的技术方案为:
按质量比m(α-蒎烯):m(水):m(催化剂)=60:200:1的比例(α-蒎烯与钌的摩尔比为4986:1),将原料加入带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,充入2MPa的H2进行加氢反应。35℃反应1h后,取出产物离心分离,分别回收含有催化剂的水相和产物相。
本发明提供的两亲性分子筛负载Ru纳米粒子催化剂催化α-蒎烯加氢制备顺式蒎烷的方法与现有技术相比具有以下特点:
(1)本发明提供的催化α-蒎烯加氢技术具有高催化活性及顺式蒎烷产物选择性;
(2)本发明提供的催化剂为超声辅助下两亲性分子筛负载高分散的Ru纳米粒子制备的高稳定负载型催化剂;
(3)本发明提供的催化α-蒎烯加氢技术不需任何有机溶剂,且反应条件温和,环境友好,产物易分离;
(4)本发明提供的催化α-蒎烯加氢技术中,负载型两亲性分子筛催化剂体系可直接重复使用,且催化性能稳定。
附图说明
图1为实施例1所制备的两亲性分子筛载体MF@MN的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片。
图2为实施例1所制备的单分散两亲性分子筛载体MF@MN的透射电子显微镜(TEM)照片。
图3为实施例1所制备的催化剂Ru/MF@MN中负载的Ru纳米粒子透射电子显微镜(TEM)照片。
图4为实施例1所制备的两亲性分子筛载体傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)分析。
图5为实施例1所制备两亲性分子筛上负载的Ru纳米粒子的x射线光电子能谱(XPS) 图。
图6为实施例2反应过程中形成的均匀的水包油型气泡照片。
图7为对比例4所制备的催化剂(Ru/MF@MN)中负载的Ru纳米粒子透射电子显微镜(TEM)照片。
图8为对比例3加氢反应后含催化剂Ru/MF@M的有机相和含催化剂Ru/MF@MN的有机相对比照片。
具体实施方式
下列实施例用来进一步说明本发明,但不因此而限制本发明。
【实施例1】
0.88g CTAC、100mL H2O、125mL CH3OH、625μL NaOH水溶液(1mol/L)加入到500 mL的三孔烧瓶中,搅拌1h使其均匀分散后加入0.1636g TMOS和0.0414g TFPS,继续搅拌2h后加入0.1829g TMOS和0.0113g APTS,继续搅拌12h,静置陈化12h,过滤,用超纯水洗至中性,50℃真空干燥4h,将上述分子筛用乙醇80℃回流萃取3次(12h/次)除去有机模板剂,50℃真空干燥4h,可得到两亲性分子筛载体MF@MN。
称取0.1g MF@MN分子筛、15mg RuCl3·3H2O加入4mL乙酸乙酯中超声30min,于40℃浸渍12h,离心分离除去浸渍液,加入4mL乙酸乙酯和过量的硼氢化钠还原2h,用乙醇除去过量的硼氢化钠,真空干燥得到两亲性负载型催化剂Ru/MF@MN。
附图1、附图2显示,所制备的两亲性分子筛为单分散的直径为400±25nm的球状结构,孔径约为2±0.25nm。附图3观察到两亲性分子筛上均匀分散的Ru纳米粒子,粒径为1.75±0.5 nm。附图4显示有机官能团氟丙基和氨丙基均成功嫁接到分子筛骨架结构中。附图5数据表明制备出的钌纳米粒子大部分(≈89.5%)为零价金属钌,有少部分(≈10.5%)为氧化态的钌。
【实施例2】
将0.3g的α-蒎烯、5mg实施例1制得Ru/MF@MN催化剂、1mL水加入到带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中(α-蒎烯与钌纳米粒子的摩尔比为4986:1)混合均匀,用2.5MPa 的氢气将釜内空气置换4次,充入2MPaH2,在35℃下搅拌反应1h。反应结束后,离心分离并收集上层产物相,采用气相色谱法进行定量分析。α-蒎烯的转化率为99.9%,顺式蒎烷的选择性为98.8%。
附图6说明α-蒎烯加氢反应过程中形成了水包油的均匀的气泡,这种均匀的气泡增大了催化剂与反应物的接触面积,使得固-液-气三相接触更加充分,从而提高了反应效率。
【实施例3-8】
实施例2反应结束后,产物和催化剂采用离心分离,催化剂用乙醇洗涤2-3次,50℃真空干燥4h后直接用于下一次反应,实验条件与反应步骤同实施例2,进行了7次重复实验,结果见表1。催化剂在使用5次后,α-蒎烯的转化率仍为90%以上;顺式蒎烷的选择性基本保持不变。
表1催化剂的重复使用性能
【对比例1】
0.88g CTAC、100mL H2O、125mL CH3OH、625μL NaOH水溶液(1mol/L)加入到500 mL的三孔烧瓶中,搅拌使其均匀分散后加入0.3465g TMOS和0.0113g APTS,搅拌12h,静置陈化12h,过滤,用超纯水洗至中性,50℃真空干燥4h,将分子筛用乙醇80℃回流萃取3次(12h/次)除去有机模板剂,真空干燥得到分子筛载体MN。称取0.1g MN分子筛、 15mg RuCl3·3H2O加入4mL乙酸乙酯中超声30min,于40℃浸渍12h,离心分离除去浸渍液,加入4mL乙酸乙酯和过量的硼氢化钠还原2h,用乙醇除去过量的硼氢化钠,50℃真空干燥4h,得到负载型催化剂Ru/MN,即对比催化剂1。
将0.3gα-蒎烯、1mL水、5mg对比例1制得的对比催化剂1加入到带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中(α-蒎烯与钌纳米粒子的摩尔比为4896:1),混合均匀,用2.5MPa的氢气将釜内空气置换4次,充入2MPa H2,在35℃下搅拌反应1h。反应结束后,离心分离收集上层产物相,采用气相色谱法进行定量分析。α-蒎烯的转化率为90.26%,顺式蒎烷的选择性为98.5%。
【对比例2】
0.88g CTAC、100mL H2O、125mL CH3OH、625μL NaOH水溶液(1mol/L)加入到500 mL的三孔烧瓶中,搅拌使其均匀分散后加入0.3754g TMOS,搅拌12h,静置陈化12h,过滤,用超纯水洗至中性,50℃真空干燥4h,将分子筛用乙醇80℃回流萃取3次(12h/次) 除去有机模板剂,50℃真空干燥4h,得到分子筛载体SiO2。称取0.1g SiO2分子筛、15mg RuCl3·3H2O加入4mL乙酸乙酯中超声30min,于40℃浸渍12h,离心分离除去浸渍液,加入4mL乙酸乙酯和过量的硼氢化钠还原2h,用乙醇除去过量的硼氢化钠,50℃真空干燥 4h,得到负载型催化剂Ru/SiO2,即对比催化剂2。
将0.3gα-蒎烯、1mL水、5mg对比例2制得的对比催化剂2加入到带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中(α-蒎烯与钌纳米粒子的摩尔比为4986:1),混合均匀,用2.5MPa的氢气将釜内空气置换4次,充入2MPa H2,在35℃下搅拌反应1h。反应结束后,离心分离收集上层产物相,采用气相色谱法进行定量分析。α-蒎烯的转化率为35.72%,顺式蒎烷的选择性为98.5%。
【对比例3】
0.88g CTAC、100mL H2O、125mL CH3OH、625μL NaOH水溶液(1mol/L)加入到500 mL的三孔烧瓶中,搅拌1h使其均匀分散后加入0.1636g TMOS和0.0414g TFPS,继续搅拌2h后加入0.1829g TMOS,继续搅拌12h,静置陈化12h,过滤、用超纯水洗至中性,50 ℃真空干燥4h,将上述分子筛用乙醇80℃回流萃取3次(12h/次)除去有机模板剂,50℃真空干燥4h,可得到两亲性分子筛载体MF@M。称取0.1g MF@M分子筛、15mg RuCl3·3H2O 加入4mL乙酸乙酯中超声30min,于40℃浸渍12h,离心分离除去浸渍液,加入4mL乙酸乙酯和过量的硼氢化钠还原2h,用乙醇除去过量的硼氢化钠,50℃真空干燥4h,得到两亲性负载型催化剂Ru/MF@M,即对比催化剂3。
将0.3gα-蒎烯、1mL水、5mg对比例3制得的对比催化剂3加入到带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中(α-蒎烯与钌纳米粒子的摩尔比为4986:1),混合均匀,用2.5MPa的氢气将釜内空气置换4次,充入2MPa H2,在35℃下搅拌反应1h。反应结束后,离心分离收集上层产物相,采用气相色谱法进行定量分析。α-蒎烯的转化率为33.19%,顺式蒎烷的选择性为95.87%。反应结束后,图8中有机相存有流失的Ru。
【对比例4】
0.88g CTAC、100mL H2O、125mL CH3OH、625μL NaOH水溶液(1mol/L)加入到500 mL的三孔烧瓶中,搅拌1h使其均匀分散后加入0.1636g TMOS和0.0414g TFPS,继续搅拌2h后加入0.1829g TMOS和0.0113g APTS,继续搅拌12h,静置陈化12h,过滤、用超纯水洗至中性,50℃真空干燥4h,将上述分子筛用乙醇80℃回流萃取3次(12h/次)除去有机模板剂,50℃真空干燥4h,可得到两亲性分子筛载体MF@MN。称取0.1g MF@MN 分子筛、15mg RuCl3·3H2O加入4mL乙酸乙酯中,于40℃浸渍12h,离心分离除去浸渍液,加入4mL乙酸乙酯和过量的硼氢化钠还原2h,用乙醇除去过量的硼氢化钠,50℃真空干燥 4h,得到两亲性负载型催化剂(Ru/MF@MN),即对比催化剂4。
将0.3g的α-蒎烯、5mg实施例4制得对比催化剂4、1mL水加入到带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中(α-蒎烯与钌纳米粒子的摩尔比为4986:1)混合均匀,用2.5MPa的氢气将釜内空气置换4次,充入2MPaH2,在35℃下搅拌反应1h。反应结束后,离心分离并收集上层产物相,采用气相色谱法进行定量分析。α-蒎烯的转化率为97.39%,顺式蒎烷的选择性为98.63%。图7中TEM电镜照片显示Ru纳米粒子有明显的聚集现象,影响了催化剂的稳定性,结果见表2。
表2催化剂的重复使用性能
【对比例5】
将0.3gα-蒎烯、1mL水、0.25mg Pd/C加入到带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中(α- 蒎烯与钌纳米粒子的摩尔比为4986:1),混合均匀,用2.5MPa的氢气将釜内空气置换4次,充入2MPaH2,在35℃下搅拌反应1h。反应结束后,离心分离收集上层产物相,采用气相色谱法进行定量分析。α-蒎烯的转化率为68.65%,顺式蒎烷的选择性为87.8%。
【对比例6】
将0.3gα-蒎烯、1mL水、7.5mg Ru/C催化剂加入到装有聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中(α-蒎烯与钌纳米粒子的摩尔比为4986:1),混合均匀,用2.5MPa的氢气将釜内空气置换4次,充入2MPaH2,在35℃下搅拌反应1h。反应结束后,离心分离收集上层产物相,采用气相色谱法进行定量分析。α-蒎烯的转化率为15.91%,顺式蒎烷的选择性为93.73%。
【对比例7】
将0.3gα-蒎烯、1mL水、5mg Raney-Ni加入到装有聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,混合均匀,用2.5MPa的氢气将釜内空气置换4次,充入2MPaH2,在35℃下搅拌反应1h。反应结束后,离心分离收集上层产物相,采用气相色谱法进行定量分析。α-蒎烯的转化率为18.89%,顺式蒎烷的选择性为96.29%。
【对比例8】
将0.3gα-蒎烯、1mL乙醇、5mg实施例1所制备的催化剂Ru/MF@MN加入到装有聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中(α-蒎烯与钌纳米粒子的摩尔比为4986:1),混合均匀,用2.5MPa的氢气将釜内空气置换4次,充入2MPa H2,在35℃下搅拌反应1h,实验过程中发现无法形成气泡。反应结束后,离心分离收集上层产物相,采用气相色谱法进行定量分析,所得催化结果见表3。
【对比例9】
将0.3gα-蒎烯、1mL正庚烷、5mg实施例1所制备的催化剂Ru/MF@MN加入到装有聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中(α-蒎烯与钌纳米粒子的摩尔比为4986:1),混合均匀,用2.5MPa的氢气将釜内空气置换4次,充入2MPaH2,在35℃下搅拌反应1h,实验过程中发现无法形成气泡。反应结束后,离心分离收集上层产物相,采用气相色谱法进行定量分析,所得催化结果见表3。
【对比例10】
将0.3gα-蒎烯、1mL乙酸乙酯、5mg实施例1所制备的催化剂Ru/MF@MN加入到装有聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中(α-蒎烯与钌纳米粒子的摩尔比为4986:1),混合均匀,用2.5MPa的氢气将釜内空气置换4次,充入2MPaH2,在35R下搅拌反应1h,实验过程中发现无法形成均匀的气泡。反应结束后,离心分离收集上层产物相,采用气相色谱法进行定量分析,所得催化结果见表3。
表3不同溶剂对α-蒎烯加氢反应的影响
Claims (1)
1.一种两亲性分子筛负载Ru纳米粒子催化α-蒎烯加氢制备顺式蒎烷的方法,其特征在于采用氟丙基、氨丙基改性的亲水亲油型分子筛MF@MN在超声辅助下负载的Ru纳米粒子为催化剂,在水相中,按物质的量比n(α-蒎烯):n(Ru纳米粒子)=4986:1的比例,在35℃,2MPaH2压力的条件下,反应1h,由α-蒎烯加氢高选择性、高稳定性地制备顺式蒎烷。
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