CN107183364A - Woody fermented feed microwave bulking drying process - Google Patents
Woody fermented feed microwave bulking drying process Download PDFInfo
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- CN107183364A CN107183364A CN201710526037.1A CN201710526037A CN107183364A CN 107183364 A CN107183364 A CN 107183364A CN 201710526037 A CN201710526037 A CN 201710526037A CN 107183364 A CN107183364 A CN 107183364A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P30/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the process or apparatus
- A23P30/30—Puffing or expanding
- A23P30/32—Puffing or expanding by pressure release, e.g. explosion puffing; by vacuum treatment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
- F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried
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Abstract
The invention belongs to feed processing technology field, more particularly to a kind of woody fermented feed microwave bulking drying process.Including sorting, pressurized, heated, it is vacuum puffed, dry cooling step and obtain the woody fermented feed of explosion puffing drying, the technique can extend the pot-life of Woody feed, while improve the palatability of Woody feed, with cost is low, the extensive advantage of applicability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to feed processing technology field, more particularly to a kind of woody fermented feed microwave bulking drying process.
Background technology
With the growth and the improvement of people's living standards of population, animal husbandry in recent years is developed rapidly, and meadow
Gradually decreased with arable land, it is not enough as the herbage of conventional feed and staple food supply, have become influence animal husbandry development
Maximum bottleneck.There is the browse of some xylophytas higher nutrition and health care to be worth, in recent years the exploitation profit of Woody feed
With the focus that feedstuff industry is studied is become, there is the Woody feed enterprise of many large-scale productions.
Relative to traditional feed, there is palatability difference and absorption rate low shortcoming in Woody feed, by for many years
Explore, be to improve the most effective and economic mode of disadvantage mentioned above using microbial fermentation (being also ensiling or microbial).But in reality
This feed there is also some problems in use：First, because spray leaf water content is big, fermentation rear blade is agglomerating, as adding
When the animals such as pig, chicken are fed in addition point, it is difficult to be well mixed with the dry powder feeding such as corn flour, wheat bran；Second, contain in Woody feed
There is part old branch bar, this branch lignifying is serious, even if being also still difficult to chew after digestion, animal edible easily by fermentation
Cause digestive discomfort；3rd, fermented feed is adapted to taking with because fermented feed water content is high, putting for a long time in atmosphere
The corruption that can go mouldy is put, and the production and livestock-raising of woody fermented feed now is separated, ready access upon use is difficult to realize, in reality
Product mildew phenomena often occurs in woody fermented feed manufacturing enterprise in the production of border.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of woody fermented feed microwave bulking drying process.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of woody fermented feed microwave bulking back tender
Skill, comprises the following steps：
（1）Sorting：Choose the water content after microbial fermentation and be used as raw material for 30~70% woody fermented feed；
（2）Pressurized, heated：Raw material is loaded in container A, material filling amount is not more than the 40% of container A volume, and closed container is right
Raw material carries out microwave heating and pressurized treatments, and the time of heating pressurization is 1~5min, until material temperature rises to 50~90 DEG C,
Pressure must handle material untill rising to 0.1~0.5MPa；
（3）It is vacuum puffed：Vacuumize process is carried out to container B, the vacuum of container B is maintained at -0.09~-0.05MPa, will
Container A is connected with container B, processing material is flashed to obtain puffing material in container A internal cause；
（4）Dry cooling：First, puffing material is stopped into heat after 1~10min of container A inside holding again, stirred while insulation
Mix, stir speed (S.S.) is 100rpm, while side is passed through air to container A, while take out air, make container A be internally formed air flow and
Take vapor out of, stop continuing to stir, ventilate and be evacuated after heat, stir speed (S.S.) is also 100rpm, until the water content of puffing material
For 10~20%, temperature of charge is untill normal temperature.
Further, the step（1）In woody fermented feed be mulberry tree, locust tree, paper mulberry, shrub lespedeza, the branches and leaves of caragana microphylla
The products therefrom after microbial fermentation.
Further, the volume of the container B is 5~15 times of container A volume.
Further, the step（1）In woody fermented feed moisture content be 30~60%.
Present invention has the advantage that：
1. a technique can make woody fermented feed obtain good explosion puffing drying, the pot-life of feed has obtained significantly prolonging
Long, the mixing dispersiveness with the conventional mash feed such as corn, wheat bran is more preferable, is conducive to the non-traditional feed such as xylophyta, stalk
Commercially produce and promote, with initiative effect；
2. a technique makes the serious branch of lignifying in woody fermented feed obtain expanded, make easy pockets of blade more than water content
Disperseed, improve the palatability of feed, enhance the digestive utilization ratio of animal, raised economy and be improved；
3. the technique is simple, cost is low, applicability is extensive, with good economic benefit.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the variation relation schematic diagram of woody fermented feed initial aqueous rate and expansion rate.
Fig. 2 is the variation relation schematic diagram of heating-up temperature and expansion rate.
Fig. 3 is the variation relation schematic diagram of expanded vacuum and expansion rate.
Fig. 4 is the variation relation schematic diagram of moulding pressure and expansion rate.
Embodiment
In embodiment by taking the woody fermented feed that mulberry tree branches and leaves are prepared after microbial fermentation as an example, in other condition phases
With in the case of, the relation of feed initial aqueous rate, heating-up temperature, moulding pressure, expanded vacuum and expansion rate is detected respectively.
The mensuration mode of expansion rate is：1Kg raw materials, expanded rear and expanded preceding volume ratio, after the measurement of volume is loaded naturally with feed,
Container is fallen stocky 3 times naturally from 10cm height and is defined, every group of sample measurement is averaged for 5 times.
Embodiment 1
A kind of woody fermented feed microwave bulking drying process, comprises the following steps：Sorting first, choose through microbial fermentation with
Afterwards water content for 30% woody fermented feed as raw material, wherein, woody fermented feed be mulberry tree, locust tree, paper mulberry, shrub lespedeza,
The branches and leaves of caragana microphylla products therefrom after microbial fermentation；Then raw material is subjected to pressurized, heated processing, concrete operations are by original
Material loads in container A, and material filling amount is not more than the 40% of container A volume, and closed container carries out microwave heating to raw material and added
Pressure processing, the time of heating pressurization is 1~5min, material temperature is risen to 70 DEG C, material must be handled by pressure is risen to 0.2MPa；So
Afterwards that processing material progress is vacuum puffed, specially extracting container B simultaneously carries out vacuumize process to it, wherein, the volume of container B is to hold
5~15 times of device A volumes, make the vacuum of container B be maintained at -0.08MPa, container A are connected with container B, make the pressure of container A
Power is rapidly decreased to vacuum for -0.08MPa, in the process, and processing material obtains expanded in container A internal cause " flash distillation ", so that
Obtain puffing material；Finally, cooling is dried to puffing material, first, puffing material is stopped again after 1~10min of container A inside holding
Heat, is stirred, stir speed (S.S.) is 100rpm, while side is passed through air to container A, while taking out air, makes appearance while insulation
Device A is internally formed air flow and takes vapor out of, stops continuing to stir, ventilate and be evacuated after heat, stir speed (S.S.) is also
100rpm, until the water content of puffing material is 15%, temperature of charge is untill normal temperature.Gained is woody under the embodiment process conditions
The expansion rate of fermented feed is 138%.
Embodiment 2
Embodiment 2 is differed only in embodiment 1：The initial aqueous rate of woody fermented feed is 70%, obtained woody fermentation
The expansion rate of feed is 150%.
Embodiment 3
Embodiment 3 is differed only in embodiment 1：The initial aqueous rate of woody fermented feed is 45%, and microwave is carried out to raw material
Heating, makes material temperature rise to 50 DEG C, and the expansion rate of obtained woody fermented feed is 115%.
Embodiment 4
Embodiment 4 is differed only in embodiment 1：The initial aqueous rate of woody fermented feed is 45%, and microwave is carried out to raw material
Heating, makes material temperature rise to 90 DEG C, and the expansion rate of obtained woody fermented feed is 195%.
Embodiment 5
Embodiment 5 is differed only in embodiment 1：The initial aqueous rate of woody fermented feed is 45%, and raw material is pressurizeed
Processing, makes feed pressure rise to 0.1MPa, and the expansion rate of obtained woody fermented feed is 154%.
Embodiment 6
Embodiment 6 is differed only in embodiment 1：The initial aqueous rate of woody fermented feed is 45%, and raw material is pressurizeed
Processing, makes feed pressure rise to 0.5MPa, and the expansion rate of obtained woody fermented feed is 199%.
Embodiment 7
Embodiment 7 is differed only in embodiment 1：The initial aqueous rate of woody fermented feed is 45%, makes the vacuum of container B
Degree is maintained at -0.05MPa, and the expansion rate of obtained woody fermented feed is 118%.
Embodiment 8
Embodiment 8 is differed only in embodiment 1：The initial aqueous rate of woody fermented feed is 45%, makes the vacuum of container B
Degree is maintained at -0.09MPa, and the expansion rate of obtained woody fermented feed is 195%.
Testing inspection
The relation of 1 woody fermented feed initial aqueous rate and expansion rate
For the individually influence to expansion rate of research initial aqueous rate, herein by woody fermented feed heating-up temperature, moulding pressure, swollen
Moisture content is set to definite value after changing vacuum and drying, and is respectively：70 DEG C, 0.2MPa, -0.08MPa and 15%.Obtain different initial
The relation of moisture content and expansion rate is as shown in Figure 1.
From figure 1 it appears that when initial moisture content is relatively low, the expansion rate of feed is not high, with the raising of water content,
Expansion rate starts to increase substantially, and more than 50%, expansion rate is reduced again later.Because when initial moisture content is relatively low, material
It is relatively bulk, then improve bulkiness potentiality it is small, and because lack moisture, the pressure difference in material inside and outside portion is small when " flash distillation ", institute
It is not high with expansion rate；And with the raising of moisture, these problems can be improved, so expansion rate is quickly improved；Contain when initially
When water reaches certain level, be further added by water content reduces dry matter content on the contrary, it is expanded after volume increase it is few, and excessively
Moisture need longer heat time to go drying.So as can be seen from the above tests：This bulking process is to different moisture content
Woody fermented feed have certain Swelling Functions, and water content 40 ~ 50% woody fermented feed be best suitable for it is expanded.
The relation of 2 heating-up temperatures and expansion rate
For the individually influence to expansion rate of research heating-up temperature, herein by woody fermented feed initial aqueous rate, moulding pressure, swollen
Moisture content is set to definite value after changing vacuum and drying, and is respectively：45%th, 0.2MPa, -0.08MPa and 15%.Obtain different heating temperature
The relation of degree and expansion rate is as shown in Figure 2.
From figure 2 it can be seen that when the temperature is low, expansion rate is relatively low, it is expanded after temperature reaches 60 DEG C less than 120%
Rate is dramatically increased, and then as the raising slightly increase again of temperature, is to the last tended to be steady.Because -0.08MPa's
Under expanded vacuum, the boiling point of water is at 60 DEG C or so, and temperature reaches more than this temperature when expanded, can be formed moment inside material
Very high vapour pressure, occurs " flash distillation ", obtains material expanded, so heating-up temperature is associated with expanded vacuum.
Meet under Condition for expansion, swelling temperature is unsuitable too high, because too high some nutrients that can be destroyed in woody fermented feed of high temperature
Matter, boiling point when swelling temperature is than water status is slightly higher.
The relation of 3 expanded vacuums and expansion rate
To study the influence of expanded vacuum individually to expansion rate, herein by woody fermented feed initial aqueous rate, heating-up temperature,
Moisture content is set to definite value after moulding pressure and drying, is respectively：45%th, 70 DEG C, 0.2MPa and 15%.Obtain different expanded vacuums
Relation with expansion rate is as shown in Figure 3.
From figure 3, it can be seen that when vacuum is relatively low, expanded feed rate is relatively low, it is just fast after -0.07MPa is reached
Speed increase, influence of the contact temperature to expansion rate understands that temperature need to coordinate with vacuum can improve expansion rate, only when expanded temperature
The expansion effect just having had during the boiling point of water under a little higher than vacuum of degree.Vacuum is higher, and expanded required critical-temperature is got over
It is low, be more conducive to the reservation of feed nutrients, but vacuum is higher is more difficult to realize, and it is higher to equipment and cost requirement, so will
Reasonable selection is carried out as needed.
The relation of 4 moulding pressures and expansion rate
For the individually influence to expansion rate of research moulding pressure, herein by woody fermented feed initial aqueous rate, heating-up temperature, swollen
Moisture content is set to definite value after changing vacuum and drying, and is respectively：45%th, 70 DEG C, -0.08MPa and 15%.Obtain different moulding pressures
Relation with expansion rate is as shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4, it is seen that at normal atmospheric pressure, feed also has preferable expansion effect, but with moulding pressure
Increase expanded feed rate increase trend is presented, but this increase trend is less and less.Because moulding pressure is bigger, it is expanded
When the pressure differential that produces it is bigger, it is more favourable with it is expanded, but influence of the increase to expansion rate of pressure is less and less, will not be unrestricted
Increase expansion rate.Initial pressure is too high, can increase the requirement to equipment, and in the case where equipment is certain, can improve expanded
When vacuum, be unfavorable for expanded progress on the contrary.So initial press pressure is the most suitable in 0.3MPa or so.
5 expanded front and rear performance comparisons
Using before explosion puffing drying water content as 45% fermentation mulberry tree branches and leaves be No. 1 sample, to No. 1 sample explosion puffing drying to water content
It is No. 2 samples for 15% product, the two performance comparison is as shown in table 1 below：
As it can be seen from table 1 after explosion puffing drying, in former feed, because moisture is high easily, forming agglomerate blade has obtained good
Good is scattered, and the serious stiff wood bar of lignifying has obtained expanded, and feed is more easy to maintain, is conducive to commercially producing, and and corn
The conventional feeds such as powder are easier to be well mixed, and reduce batch mixing difficulty, are easy to the popularization of feed.
6 feed contrast test
Expanded front and rear woody fermented feed is respectively added in small swine rationses to carry out feeding trial to piggy.Without appoint
The conventional daily ration of what woody fermented feed is denoted as No. 3 samples, and daily ration composition and trophic level are as shown in table 2 below；In No. 3 daily rations
The woody fermented feed of non-explosion puffing drying that 4% water content is 45% is added, No. 4 samples are denoted as；Woody fermentation in No. 4 samples is raised
It is 15% to water content to expect explosion puffing drying, is then added in No. 3 daily rations, is denoted as No. 5 samples.Piggy selects 35 age in days body conditions similar
Weanling pig, every group 10, free choice feeding, free water, expelling parasite epidemic prevention, daily 6:00、9:00:、12:00、15:00 He
18:00 is fed with mash form, and experimental period is 25 days.Test pig is respectively at behind first day of experiment and last day, empty stomach 12h
Weigh, calculate daily body weight gain, count average daily feed intake, and calculate feedstuff-meat ratio, it is as a result as shown in table 3 below：
It can be seen that from the contrast of No. 3 samples and No. 4 samples because the woody fermented feed palatability of non-explosion puffing drying is poor,
The feed intake of piggy has been reduced after addition, but because this woody fermented fodder nutrient is abundant, the adding weight of piggy is on the contrary
Higher, feedstuff-meat ratio declines to a great extent.No. 4 samples of contrast and No. 5 samples can be seen that feed palatability after explosion puffing drying and changed
Kind, the daily ingestion amount of piggy has been lifted, and increased weight is more, and feedstuff-meat ratio has been got back certain decline, this explanation piggy pair
The digestive utilization ratio of feed has obtained further raising.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of woody fermented feed microwave bulking drying process, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
（1）Sorting：Choose the water content after microbial fermentation and be used as raw material for 30~70% woody fermented feed；
（2）Pressurized, heated：Raw material is loaded in container A, material filling amount is not more than the 40% of container A volume, and closed container is right
Raw material carries out microwave heating and pressurized treatments, and the time of heating pressurization is 1~5min, until material temperature rises to 50~90 DEG C,
Pressure must handle material untill rising to 0.1~0.5MPa；
（3）It is vacuum puffed：Vacuumize process is carried out to container B, the vacuum of container B is maintained at -0.09~-0.05MPa, will
Container A is connected with container B, processing material is flashed to obtain puffing material in container A；
（4）Dry cooling：First, puffing material is stopped into heat after 1~10min of container A inside holding again, stirred while insulation
Mix, stir speed (S.S.) is 100rpm, while side is passed through air to container A, while take out air, make container A be internally formed air flow and
Take vapor out of, stop continuing to stir, ventilate and be evacuated after heat, stir speed (S.S.) is also 100rpm, until the water content of puffing material
For 10~20%, temperature of charge is untill normal temperature.
2. woody fermented feed microwave bulking drying process as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（1）In
Woody fermented feed be mulberry tree, locust tree, paper mulberry, shrub lespedeza, caragana microphylla branches and leaves after microbial fermentation products therefrom.
3. woody fermented feed microwave bulking drying process as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The body of the container B
Product is 5~15 times of container A volume.
4. woody fermented feed microwave bulking drying process as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（1）In
The moisture content of woody fermented feed is 30~60%.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108740449A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-11-06 | 象山互易科技咨询有限公司 | A kind of preparation method and applications of feed |
| CN108771026A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-11-09 | 象山互易科技咨询有限公司 | A kind of preparation method and applications of feed |
| CN111000027A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-04-14 | 金银卡(广州)生物科技股份有限公司 | Preparation process of microbial preparation of fish and shrimp feed |
| CN111011625A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-04-17 | 安徽省正大源饲料集团有限公司 | Pollution-free feed capable of improving immunity of fattening pigs and preparation method thereof |
| CN112617026A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-09 | 北京工商大学 | Method for adding liquid additive for granulated feed |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108740449A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-11-06 | 象山互易科技咨询有限公司 | A kind of preparation method and applications of feed |
| CN108771026A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-11-09 | 象山互易科技咨询有限公司 | A kind of preparation method and applications of feed |
| CN111000027A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-04-14 | 金银卡(广州)生物科技股份有限公司 | Preparation process of microbial preparation of fish and shrimp feed |
| CN111011625A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-04-17 | 安徽省正大源饲料集团有限公司 | Pollution-free feed capable of improving immunity of fattening pigs and preparation method thereof |
| CN112617026A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-09 | 北京工商大学 | Method for adding liquid additive for granulated feed |
| CN112617026B (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2022-05-13 | 北京工商大学 | Method for adding liquid additive for granulated feed |
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Application publication date: 20170922 |