CN107183269B - Selenium-rich chrysanthemum morifolium ramat and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Selenium-rich chrysanthemum morifolium ramat and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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Abstract
The invention discloses selenium-rich chrysanthemum morifolium ramat and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method of the selenium-rich chrysanthemum morifolium ramat comprises the following steps: (1) pretreatment before picking; (2) picking; (3) spreading; (4) de-enzyming; (5) and (5) drying. The invention relates to a selenium-rich Huangju and a preparation method thereof, which adopts the Huangju planted in Enshi area of Hubei, and has high selenium content; the preparation process protects the color of the royal chrysanthemum and adopts staged spreading, and the prepared royal chrysanthemum has bright color and strong fragrance; microwave enzyme deactivation and vacuum drying are adopted, so that the loss of nutrient components of the royal chrysanthemum in the high-temperature process is avoided. The selenium-rich Huangju prepared by the invention is rich in selenium element required by human body, good in sensory quality and rich in nutrition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to selenium-rich chrysanthemum morifolium ramat and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of chrysanthemum preparation.
Background
Selenium is one of 14 trace elements necessary for human health and animal bodies, has three biological functions of nutrition, toxicity and detoxification, is called as a life protective agent, can cause various diseases such as liver necrosis, myocardial degeneration, pancreas atrophy and fibrosis, muscular dystrophy, keshan disease, Kashin-Beck, cataract and the like due to selenium deficiency in vivo, is widely applied to cancer surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy and the like, but the important element cannot be synthesized in human bodies independently and needs food supplement and drug supplement, so the production of selenium-enriched health care products is very necessary.
The average value of the selenium content of the soil in the whole province of Hubei is 0.259mg/kg, the whole soil is not lack of selenium, the local area is high in selenium, researches prove that the Enshi area in the southwest of Hubei is the largest high-selenium area in China, the selenium content of the soil reaches 20-30 mg/kg, the height reaches 40mg/kg, and the selenium content is 1682 times of the Clark value of crustal selenium. The selenium content of the Enshi tea is more than 9-30 times of that of the Enshi tea in many areas. The selenium content of the soil in the Yangyang county is 0.209-26.35 mg/kg, the selenium content of the tea is 0.122-3.854 mg/kg, and the selenium content is 4.5-19 times higher than that of the tea in other tea areas in the south of China. Enshi is the first high selenium area discovered in China, and the average selenium content of Enshi tea is 1.074 mg/kg.
The chrysanthemum has a long history of being used as a health-care beverage and is one of the daily life articles of people in China. The property of the chrysanthemum is weaker than that of other chrysanthemum, but the chrysanthemum is more suitable for drinking and eating. The tea made of the Huangju has aromatic smell, and can relieve summer heat, promote the production of body fluid, dispel wind, moisten throat, nourish eyes and alleviate alcoholism. The Huang chrysanthemum petals contain various amino acids, vitamins and trace elements and flavonoids, most of the substances can permeate into water in soaking and drinking, have the effects of reducing blood pressure, eliminating cancer cells, expanding coronary artery and inhibiting bacteria, and can increase human body calcium, regulate myocardial function and reduce cholesterol after long-term drinking.
The selenium content in the chrysanthemum tea produced by the prior art is very low, so that the chrysanthemum rich in the selenium is produced, and the chrysanthemum has the health-care function of the chrysanthemum and is necessary for supplementing the selenium required by a human body.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of selenium-rich chrysanthemum morifolium ramat comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment before picking;
(2) picking;
(3) spreading;
(4) de-enzyming;
(5) and (5) drying.
A preparation method of selenium-rich chrysanthemum morifolium ramat comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment before picking: spraying selenium-rich nutrient solution on the leaf surface of the Huangju every 15 days 2 months before picking, and spraying 40-80kg per mu each time;
(2) picking: picking up the royaljelly with complete flower type, bright color, no plant diseases and insect pests and no pedicel;
(3) spreading: arranging picked chrysanthemum on a withering trough with the heart upward, spreading the flowers for 2-5 hours at the temperature of 30-35 ℃, spreading the flowers for 5-8 hours at the temperature of 20-30 ℃, and spreading the flowers for 4-6 hours at the temperature of 15-20 ℃;
(4) de-enzyming: carrying out enzyme deactivation on the Huangju treated in the step (3) in a microwave enzyme deactivation machine, wherein the enzyme deactivation temperature is 70-80 ℃, the enzyme deactivation time is 3-5 minutes, the microwave frequency is 2000-2500MHz, and the spreading thickness of the Huangju in the enzyme deactivation process is 3-7 cm;
(5) and (3) vacuum drying: and (3) after the water-removed yellow chrysanthemum is spread and dried for 10-20 minutes, drying the yellow chrysanthemum for 30-50 minutes at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ by adopting a vacuum drying oven, taking out the yellow chrysanthemum, spread and dried for 10-20 minutes, and drying the yellow chrysanthemum for 3-5 hours at the temperature of 50-60 ℃, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum drying oven is 60Pa in the drying process, and the spreading thickness of the yellow chrysanthemum is 2-4cm, so that the selenium-enriched yellow chrysanthemum is obtained.
A preparation method of selenium-rich chrysanthemum morifolium ramat comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment before picking: spraying selenium-rich nutrient solution on the leaf surface of the Huangju every 15 days 2 months before picking, and spraying 40-80kg per mu each time;
(2) picking: picking up the royaljelly with complete flower type, bright color, no plant diseases and insect pests and no pedicel;
(3) color protection: soaking the picked royaljelly in a color protection solution for 3-8 minutes, and taking out to obtain the royaljelly after color protection;
(4) spreading: arranging the color-protected Huang chrysanthemum flowers on a withering trough with the centers facing upwards, spreading the flowers for 2 to 5 hours at the temperature of between 30 and 35 ℃, spreading the flowers for 5 to 8 hours at the temperature of between 20 and 30 ℃, and spreading the flowers for 4 to 6 hours at the temperature of between 15 and 20 ℃;
(5) de-enzyming: carrying out enzyme deactivation on the Huangju treated in the step (4) in a microwave enzyme deactivation machine, wherein the enzyme deactivation temperature is 70-80 ℃, the enzyme deactivation time is 3-5 minutes, the microwave frequency is 2000-2500MHz, and the spreading thickness of the Huangju in the enzyme deactivation process is 3-7 cm;
(6) and (3) vacuum drying: and (3) after the water-removed yellow chrysanthemum is spread and dried for 10-20 minutes, drying the yellow chrysanthemum for 30-50 minutes at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ by adopting a vacuum drying oven, taking out the yellow chrysanthemum, spread and dried for 10-20 minutes, and drying the yellow chrysanthemum for 3-5 hours at the temperature of 50-60 ℃, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum drying oven is 60Pa in the drying process, and the spreading thickness of the yellow chrysanthemum is 2-4cm, so that the selenium-enriched yellow chrysanthemum is obtained.
Preferably, the selenium-enriched nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.01-0.06 part of sodium selenite, 40-80 parts of a Thalassia extract and 1000 parts of water 900-. The selenium-rich nutrient solution is prepared by the following method: adding sodium selenite and Thalassia extract into water, and mixing to obtain selenium-rich nutritional liquid.
Preferably, the extract of Thalassia serpyllum is prepared by the following method: cleaning fresh Thalassia, drying at 50-70 deg.C for 2-4 hr, pulverizing into 60 mesh powder, adding water 8-12 times the weight of Thalassia powder, soaking at 15-30 deg.C for 1-3 hr, maintaining at 95-98 deg.C for 60-90 min, filtering, and collecting filtrate; adding 6-10 times of water into the residue, maintaining at 90-95 deg.C for 30-60 min, and filtering to remove residue; mixing the filtrates to obtain Thalathus vulgaris extractive solution.
Preferably, the color protection liquid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.1-0.3 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.05-0.1 part of antioxidant and 99-100 parts of water. The color protection liquid is prepared by the following method: adding sodium bicarbonate and antioxidant into water, and mixing to obtain color protecting liquid.
Preferably, the antioxidant is 5% water soluble lutein powder and/or zinc gluconate. Further preferably, the antioxidant is a mixture of 5% water-soluble lutein powder and zinc gluconate, wherein the mass ratio of the 5% water-soluble lutein powder to the zinc gluconate is (1-3): 1.
The invention provides selenium-rich chrysanthemum morifolium ramat which is prepared by the method.
The invention relates to a selenium-rich Huangju and a preparation method thereof, which adopts the Huangju planted in Enshi area of Hubei, and has high selenium content; the preparation process protects the color of the royal chrysanthemum and adopts staged spreading, and the prepared royal chrysanthemum has bright color and strong fragrance; microwave enzyme deactivation and vacuum drying are adopted, so that the loss of nutrient components of the royal chrysanthemum in the high-temperature process is avoided. The selenium-rich Huangju prepared by the invention is rich in selenium element required by human body, good in sensory quality and rich in nutrition.
Detailed Description
The method for measuring the content of the selenium element comprises the following steps: according to the detection standard of selenium in GB/T5009.93-2010, hydride atomic fluorescence spectrometry is adopted.
The royal chrysanthemum is grown in Enshi area of Hubei province.
The Thalassia is aerial part of annual Thalassia grown in Enshi area of Hubei province.
The radix astragali is aerial part of radix astragali grown in Enshi area of Hubei province.
Gynostemma pentaphyllum is aerial part of radix astragali grown in Enshi area of Hubei province.
Sodium selenite, CAS number: 10102-18-8.
Sodium bicarbonate, CAS number: 144-55-8.
5% water-soluble lutein powder produced by Siennan Bang biotechnology limited company.
Zinc gluconate, CAS No.: 4468-02-4. Adopts zinc gluconate produced by Shandong Jurong bioengineering GmbH.
The microwave tea water removing machine adopts a tunnel type microwave tea water removing machine which is produced by Shandong Kehong microwave energy limited company and has the model of KH-12HMTN3, and the power is 12 kw.
The vacuum drying oven is a vacuum drying oven with model number DZF-6020A produced by Beijing Zhongxing Weiwei instruments Co.
Example 1
The preparation method of the selenium-rich chrysanthemum morifolium ramat comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment before picking: spraying selenium-rich nutrient solution on the leaf surface of the Huang chrysanthemum from 9 months and 1 day, spraying the selenium-rich nutrient solution once every 15 days for 4 times, and spraying 60kg of selenium-rich nutrient solution per mu each time;
(2) picking: picking up the Huangju with complete flower shape, bright color, no plant diseases and insect pests and no pedicel in 5 days of 11 months;
(2) picking: picking up the royaljelly with complete flower type, bright color, no plant diseases and insect pests and no pedicel;
(3) spreading: arranging picked chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat heart upwards on a withering trough, spreading the flowers at 33 ℃ for 3 hours, spreading the flowers at 25 ℃ for 6 hours, and spreading the flowers at 18 ℃ for 5 hours;
(4) de-enzyming: carrying out enzyme deactivation on the royal chrysanthemum processed in the step (3) in a microwave enzyme deactivation machine, wherein the enzyme deactivation temperature is 75 ℃, the enzyme deactivation time is 4 minutes, the microwave frequency is 2450MHz, and the spreading thickness of the royal chrysanthemum in the enzyme deactivation process is 5 cm;
(5) and (3) vacuum drying: and (3) after the water-removed yellow chrysanthemum is spread and dried for 15 minutes, drying the yellow chrysanthemum for 40 minutes at 65 ℃ by adopting a vacuum drying oven, taking out the yellow chrysanthemum, spreading and drying the yellow chrysanthemum for 15 minutes, and drying the yellow chrysanthemum for 4 hours at 55 ℃, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum drying oven is 60Pa in the drying process, and the spreading thickness of the Huangju is 3cm, so that the selenium-enriched Huangju is obtained.
The selenium-rich nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.03 part of sodium selenite, 60 parts of a Thalassia extract and 940 parts of water. The selenium-rich nutrient solution is prepared by the following method: adding sodium selenite and Thalassia extract into water, and mixing to obtain selenium-rich nutritional liquid.
The Thalassia extract is prepared by the following method: cleaning fresh Thalassia serpyllum, drying at 60 deg.C for 3 hr, pulverizing into 60 mesh powder, adding water 10 times the weight of Thalassia serpyllum powder, soaking at 25 deg.C for 2 hr, maintaining the temperature at 96 deg.C for 70 min, filtering with 300 mesh filter cloth, and collecting filtrate; adding water 8 times the weight of Thalassia repens powder into the filter residue, keeping the temperature at 92 deg.C for 40 min, filtering with 300 mesh filter cloth to remove residue, and mixing the filtrates to obtain Thalassia repens extractive solution.
Example 2
The preparation method of the selenium-rich chrysanthemum morifolium ramat comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment before picking: spraying selenium-rich nutrient solution on the leaf surface of the Huang chrysanthemum from 9 months and 1 day, spraying the selenium-rich nutrient solution once every 15 days for 4 times, and spraying 60kg of selenium-rich nutrient solution per mu each time;
(2) picking: picking up the Huangju with complete flower shape, bright color, no plant diseases and insect pests and no pedicel in 5 days of 11 months;
(3) color protection: soaking the picked royaljelly in a color protection solution for 5 minutes, and taking out to obtain the royaljelly after color protection;
(4) spreading: arranging the color-protected Huang chrysanthemum flowers on a withering trough with the centers facing upwards, wherein the flowers are not overlapped, spreading the flowers at the temperature of 33 ℃ for 3 hours, spreading the flowers at the temperature of 25 ℃ for 6 hours, and spreading the flowers at the temperature of 18 ℃ for 5 hours;
(5) de-enzyming: carrying out enzyme deactivation on the royal chrysanthemum processed in the step (4) in a microwave enzyme deactivation machine, wherein the enzyme deactivation temperature is 75 ℃, the enzyme deactivation time is 4 minutes, the microwave frequency is 2450MHz, and the spreading thickness of the royal chrysanthemum in the enzyme deactivation process is 5 cm;
(6) and (3) vacuum drying: and (3) after the water-removed yellow chrysanthemum is spread and dried for 15 minutes, drying the yellow chrysanthemum for 40 minutes at 65 ℃ by adopting a vacuum drying oven, taking out the yellow chrysanthemum, spreading and drying the yellow chrysanthemum for 15 minutes, and drying the yellow chrysanthemum for 4 hours at 55 ℃, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum drying oven is 60Pa in the drying process, and the spreading thickness of the Huangju is 3cm, so that the selenium-enriched Huangju is obtained.
The selenium-rich nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.03 part of sodium selenite, 60 parts of a Thalassia extract and 940 parts of water. The selenium-rich nutrient solution is prepared by the following method: adding sodium selenite and Thalassia extract into water, and mixing to obtain selenium-rich nutritional liquid.
The Thalassia extract is prepared by the following method: cleaning fresh Thalassia serpyllum, drying at 60 deg.C for 3 hr, pulverizing into 60 mesh powder, adding water 10 times the weight of Thalassia serpyllum powder, soaking at 25 deg.C for 2 hr, maintaining the temperature at 96 deg.C for 70 min, filtering with 300 mesh filter cloth, and collecting filtrate; adding water 8 times the weight of Thalassia repens powder into the filter residue, keeping the temperature at 92 deg.C for 40 min, filtering with 300 mesh filter cloth to remove residue, and mixing the filtrates to obtain Thalassia repens extractive solution.
The color protection liquid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.2 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.06 part of antioxidant and 99.74 parts of water. The color protection liquid is prepared by the following method: adding sodium bicarbonate and antioxidant into water, and mixing to obtain color protecting liquid.
The antioxidant is 5% water-soluble lutein powder.
Example 3
The preparation method of the selenium-rich chrysanthemum morifolium ramat comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment before picking: spraying selenium-rich nutrient solution on the leaf surface of the Huang chrysanthemum from 9 months and 1 day, spraying the selenium-rich nutrient solution once every 15 days for 4 times, and spraying 60kg of selenium-rich nutrient solution per mu each time;
(2) picking: picking up the Huangju with complete flower shape, bright color, no plant diseases and insect pests and no pedicel in 5 days of 11 months;
(3) color protection: soaking the picked royaljelly in a color protection solution for 5 minutes, and taking out to obtain the royaljelly after color protection;
(4) spreading: arranging the color-protected Huang chrysanthemum flowers on a withering trough with the centers facing upwards, wherein the flowers are not overlapped, spreading the flowers at the temperature of 33 ℃ for 3 hours, spreading the flowers at the temperature of 25 ℃ for 6 hours, and spreading the flowers at the temperature of 18 ℃ for 5 hours;
(5) de-enzyming: carrying out enzyme deactivation on the royal chrysanthemum processed in the step (4) in a microwave enzyme deactivation machine, wherein the enzyme deactivation temperature is 75 ℃, the enzyme deactivation time is 4 minutes, the microwave frequency is 2450MHz, and the spreading thickness of the royal chrysanthemum in the enzyme deactivation process is 5 cm;
(6) and (3) vacuum drying: and (3) after the water-removed yellow chrysanthemum is spread and dried for 15 minutes, drying the yellow chrysanthemum for 40 minutes at 65 ℃ by adopting a vacuum drying oven, taking out the yellow chrysanthemum, spreading and drying the yellow chrysanthemum for 15 minutes, and drying the yellow chrysanthemum for 4 hours at 55 ℃, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum drying oven is 60Pa in the drying process, and the spreading thickness of the Huangju is 3cm, so that the selenium-enriched Huangju is obtained.
The selenium-rich nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.03 part of sodium selenite and 1000 parts of water. The selenium-rich nutrient solution is prepared by the following method: adding sodium selenite into water, and mixing to obtain selenium-rich nutrient solution.
The color protection liquid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.2 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.06 part of antioxidant and 99.74 parts of water. The color protection liquid is prepared by the following method: adding sodium bicarbonate and antioxidant into water, and mixing to obtain color protecting liquid.
The antioxidant is 5% water-soluble lutein powder.
Example 4
The preparation method of the selenium-rich chrysanthemum morifolium ramat comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment before picking: spraying selenium-rich nutrient solution on the leaf surface of the Huang chrysanthemum from 9 months and 1 day, spraying the selenium-rich nutrient solution once every 15 days for 4 times, and spraying 60kg of selenium-rich nutrient solution per mu each time;
(2) picking: picking up the Huangju with complete flower shape, bright color, no plant diseases and insect pests and no pedicel in 5 days of 11 months;
(3) color protection: soaking the picked royaljelly in a color protection solution for 5 minutes, and taking out to obtain the royaljelly after color protection;
(4) spreading: arranging the color-protected Huang chrysanthemum flowers on a withering trough with the centers facing upwards, wherein the flowers are not overlapped, spreading the flowers at the temperature of 33 ℃ for 3 hours, spreading the flowers at the temperature of 25 ℃ for 6 hours, and spreading the flowers at the temperature of 18 ℃ for 5 hours;
(5) de-enzyming: carrying out enzyme deactivation on the royal chrysanthemum processed in the step (4) in a microwave enzyme deactivation machine, wherein the enzyme deactivation temperature is 75 ℃, the enzyme deactivation time is 4 minutes, the microwave frequency is 2450MHz, and the spreading thickness of the royal chrysanthemum in the enzyme deactivation process is 5 cm;
(6) and (3) vacuum drying: and (3) after the water-removed yellow chrysanthemum is spread and dried for 15 minutes, drying the yellow chrysanthemum for 40 minutes at 65 ℃ by adopting a vacuum drying oven, taking out the yellow chrysanthemum, spreading and drying the yellow chrysanthemum for 15 minutes, and drying the yellow chrysanthemum for 4 hours at 55 ℃, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum drying oven is 60Pa in the drying process, and the spreading thickness of the Huangju is 3cm, so that the selenium-enriched Huangju is obtained.
The selenium-rich nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.03 part of sodium selenite, 60 parts of astragalus root extract and 940 parts of water. The selenium-rich nutrient solution is prepared by the following method: adding sodium selenite and radix astragali extract into water, and mixing to obtain selenium-rich nutrient solution.
The astragalus root extract is prepared by the following method: cleaning fresh radix astragali, drying at 60 deg.C for 3 hr, pulverizing into 60 mesh powder, adding water 10 times the weight of radix astragali powder, soaking at 25 deg.C for 2 hr, maintaining the temperature at 96 deg.C for 70 min, filtering with 300 mesh filter cloth, and collecting filtrate; adding water 8 times the weight of radix astragali powder into the residue, keeping the temperature at 92 deg.C for 40 min, filtering with 300 mesh filter cloth to remove residue, and mixing the two filtrates to obtain radix astragali extractive solution.
The color protection liquid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.2 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.06 part of antioxidant and 99.74 parts of water. The color protection liquid is prepared by the following method: adding sodium bicarbonate and antioxidant into water, and mixing to obtain color protecting liquid.
The antioxidant is 5% water-soluble lutein powder.
Example 5
The preparation method of the selenium-rich chrysanthemum morifolium ramat comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment before picking: spraying selenium-rich nutrient solution on the leaf surface of the Huang chrysanthemum from 9 months and 1 day, spraying the selenium-rich nutrient solution once every 15 days for 4 times, and spraying 60kg of selenium-rich nutrient solution per mu each time;
(2) picking: picking up the Huangju with complete flower shape, bright color, no plant diseases and insect pests and no pedicel in 5 days of 11 months;
(3) color protection: soaking the picked royaljelly in a color protection solution for 5 minutes, and taking out to obtain the royaljelly after color protection;
(4) spreading: arranging the color-protected Huang chrysanthemum flowers on a withering trough with the centers facing upwards, wherein the flowers are not overlapped, spreading the flowers at the temperature of 33 ℃ for 3 hours, spreading the flowers at the temperature of 25 ℃ for 6 hours, and spreading the flowers at the temperature of 18 ℃ for 5 hours;
(5) de-enzyming: carrying out enzyme deactivation on the royal chrysanthemum processed in the step (4) in a microwave enzyme deactivation machine, wherein the enzyme deactivation temperature is 75 ℃, the enzyme deactivation time is 4 minutes, the microwave frequency is 2450MHz, and the spreading thickness of the royal chrysanthemum in the enzyme deactivation process is 5 cm;
(6) and (3) vacuum drying: and (3) after the water-removed yellow chrysanthemum is spread and dried for 15 minutes, drying the yellow chrysanthemum for 40 minutes at 65 ℃ by adopting a vacuum drying oven, taking out the yellow chrysanthemum, spreading and drying the yellow chrysanthemum for 15 minutes, and drying the yellow chrysanthemum for 4 hours at 55 ℃, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum drying oven is 60Pa in the drying process, and the spreading thickness of the Huangju is 3cm, so that the selenium-enriched Huangju is obtained.
The selenium-rich nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.03 part of sodium selenite, 60 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla extract and 940 parts of water. The selenium-rich nutrient solution is prepared by the following method: adding sodium selenite and herba Gynostemmatis extractive solution into water, and mixing to obtain selenium-rich nutritional liquid.
The gynostemma pentaphylla extracting solution is prepared by the following method: cleaning fresh gynostemma pentaphylla, drying at 60 ℃ for 3 hours, crushing into 60 meshes to obtain gynostemma pentaphylla powder, adding water with the mass 10 times of that of the gynostemma pentaphylla powder, soaking at 25 ℃ for 2 hours, preserving heat at 96 ℃ for 70 minutes, filtering by using 300-mesh filter cloth, and collecting filtrate; adding water 8 times the weight of the Gynostemma pentaphyllum powder into the filter residue, keeping the temperature at 92 ℃ for 40 minutes, filtering the filter residue by adopting 300-mesh filter cloth, and combining the two filtrates to obtain the Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract.
The color protection liquid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.2 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.06 part of antioxidant and 99.74 parts of water. The color protection liquid is prepared by the following method: adding sodium bicarbonate and antioxidant into water, and mixing to obtain color protecting liquid.
The antioxidant is 5% water-soluble lutein powder.
Example 6
Essentially the same as example 2, except that: the step (4) is as follows:
spreading: arranging the color-protected Huang chrysanthemum flowers on a withering trough with the centers facing upwards, wherein the flowers are not overlapped, and spreading the flowers at the temperature of 35 ℃ for 14 hours;
example 7
Essentially the same as example 2, except that: the step (4) is as follows:
spreading: arranging the color-protected Huang chrysanthemum flowers on a withering trough with the centers facing upwards, wherein the flowers are not overlapped, and spreading the flowers at the temperature of 25 ℃ for 14 hours;
example 8
Essentially the same as example 2, except that: the step (4) is as follows:
spreading: arranging the color-protected Huang chrysanthemum flowers on a withering trough with the centers facing upwards, wherein the flowers are not overlapped, and spreading the flowers at the temperature of 18 ℃ for 14 hours;
example 9
Essentially the same as example 2, except that: the antioxidant is replaced by zinc gluconate from 5 percent of water-soluble lutein powder. The obtained selenium content test result of the selenium-enriched chrysanthemum: the selenium content is 1.97 mg/kg.
Example 10
Essentially the same as example 2, except that: the antioxidant is a mixture of 5% of water-soluble lutein powder and zinc gluconate replaced by 5% of water-soluble lutein powder, wherein the mass ratio of the 5% of water-soluble lutein powder to the zinc gluconate is 2: 1. The obtained selenium content test result of the selenium-enriched chrysanthemum: the selenium content is 2.36 mg/kg.
Test example 1
The selenium content of the selenium-enriched royle chrysanthemums obtained in examples 1-5 was tested.
Specific results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 selenium content test result table for selenium-enriched "Huangju
| Selenium content mg/kg | |
| Example 1 | 1.47 |
| Example 2 | 2.18 |
| Example 3 | 1.35 |
| Example 4 | 1.69 |
| Example 5 | 1.81 |
The selenium content of the selenium-rich Huangju in the embodiment 2 is obviously higher than that of the selenium content in the embodiment 1, because the color protection is carried out after picking, the loss of selenium in the subsequent process is reduced.
The selenium content of the selenium-rich Huangju obtained by adding the plant extract into the selenium-rich nutrient solution in the embodiments 2, 4 and 5 is obviously higher than that of the selenium-rich Huangju obtained by adding no plant extract in the embodiment 3. In the prior art, astragalus and gynostemma pentaphylla are selenium-rich plants, but the embodiment of the invention finds that the selenium content of the selenium-rich royal chrysanthemum obtained by adopting the extract of the Thalathus serrulata in the embodiment 2 is obviously higher than that in the embodiments 4 and 5. The astragalus and the gynostemma pentaphylla are rare traditional Chinese medicinal materials, the cost is high, the Thalathus laevigatus belongs to weeds in agricultural production, and the cost can be reduced by adopting the Thalalaevigatus laevigatus.
Test example 2
Sensory evaluation was performed on the selenium-rich Huangju obtained in examples 1 to 10.
The test method comprises the following steps: 150 sensory analysts with no color blindness, no color weakness and common olfactory and gustatory sensitivities are selected and divided into 10 groups of 15 persons, and the sensory analysts respectively carry out sensory evaluation on the selenium-rich Huangju of each embodiment. After comparison, statistical analysis is carried out, and the comparison result of each group shows that P is less than 0.05, and the difference has statistical significance.
The brewing method of the selenium-rich chrysanthemum morifolium ramat comprises the following steps: weighing 1.0g selenium-rich Huangju, placing in a 150ml transparent glass, soaking with 50ml 95 deg.C boiled water for 5min, and covering with a cup cover.
The method for smelling the tea fragrance comprises the following steps: the time is about 2-3min, the cup cover can not be opened obliquely too much, so that the fragrance can be sucked into the nose in a centralized way; the cup should be shaken once when smelling each time to make the tea in the cup vibrate to emit fragrance, and the cup cover is covered immediately after smelling to avoid the fragrance from escaping.
Method of tasting taste: when a defective product is finished, clear water is used for rinsing mouth in time so as to avoid taste fatigue.
Grading standard:
shape and color of Huangju tea: the petals are complete and unfolded, and are not adhered, and the number of the petals is 10;
the color of the Huangju tea is as follows: yellow, clear and bright, 10 minutes;
fragrance and taste of chrysanthemum tea: has the special fragrance and astringent taste of the Huangju tea, has lasting fragrance, no mildew taste and no peculiar smell, and is 10 minutes.
The specific results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 sensory test results of selenium-enriched Huangju
| Shape/minute | Color/minute | Aroma and taste/score | |
| Example 1 | 7 | 6 | 6 |
| Example 2 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| Example 3 | 7 | 8 | 7 |
| Example 4 | 8 | 9 | 8 |
| Example 5 | 8 | 9 | 8 |
| Example 6 | 7 | 6 | 6 |
| Example 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 |
| Example 8 | 8 | 7 | 6 |
| Example 9 | 9 | 8 | 9 |
| Example 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
The appearance, color, aroma and taste of the selenium-rich Huangju of the embodiment 2 are superior to those of the embodiment 1, because the color is protected after picking, the loss of nutrient components of the Huangju and the occurrence of Maillard browning in the subsequent process are reduced, and the selenium-rich Huangju has good sensory quality.
The shape, color, aroma and taste of selenium-enriched royalty chrysanthemum in example 2, example 4 and example 5 are better than those of example 3. The sensory quality of selenium-enriched royal chrysanthemum selenium of example 2 is superior to that of examples 4 and 5. This is because selenium can greatly affect the level of synthesis of other nutrients such as total flavonoids, chlorogenic acid and other organic compounds in the royal chrysanthemum. The higher selenium content in the selenium-rich Huangju obtained in example 2 makes the selenium-rich Huangju have other organic compounds in vivo, so that the selenium-rich Huangju has good sensory quality.
The 3-stage spreading of example 2 is advantageous over examples 6-8 in that the appearance and color are maintained and the fragrance is sufficiently released.
Claims (4)
1. The preparation method of the selenium-rich chrysanthemum morifolium ramat is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreatment before picking: spraying selenium-rich nutrient solution on the leaf surface of the Huangju every 15 days 2 months before picking, and spraying 40-80kg per mu each time;
(2) picking: picking up the royaljelly with complete flower type, bright color, no plant diseases and insect pests and no pedicel;
(3) color protection: soaking the picked royaljelly in a color protection solution for 3-8 minutes, and taking out to obtain the royaljelly after color protection;
(4) spreading: arranging the color-protected Huang chrysanthemum flowers on a withering trough with the centers facing upwards, spreading the flowers for 2 to 5 hours at the temperature of between 30 and 35 ℃, spreading the flowers for 5 to 8 hours at the temperature of between 20 and 30 ℃, and spreading the flowers for 4 to 6 hours at the temperature of between 15 and 20 ℃;
(5) de-enzyming: carrying out enzyme deactivation on the royal chrysanthemum processed in the step (4) in a microwave enzyme deactivation machine, wherein the enzyme deactivation temperature is 70-80 ℃, the enzyme deactivation time is 3-5 minutes, the microwave frequency is 2000-2500MHz, and the spreading thickness of the royal chrysanthemum in the enzyme deactivation process is 3-7 cm;
(6) and (3) drying: after the water-removed royaljelly is spread and dried for 10-20 minutes, a vacuum drying oven is adopted to dry for 30-50 minutes at the temperature of 60-70 ℃, then the royaljelly is taken out and spread and dried for 10-20 minutes, and then the royaljelly is dried for 3-5 hours at the temperature of 50-60 ℃, the vacuum degree of the vacuum drying oven is 60Pa in the drying process, and the spreading thickness of the royaljelly is 2-4cm, so that the selenium-enriched royaljelly is obtained;
the selenium-rich nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.01-0.06 part by weight of sodium selenite, 40-80 parts by weight of a Thalassia extract and 1000 parts by weight of water;
the color protection liquid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.1-0.3 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.05-0.1 part of antioxidant and 99-100 parts of water;
the antioxidant is a mixture of 5% water-soluble lutein powder and zinc gluconate; the mass ratio of the water-soluble lutein powder to the zinc gluconate is (1-3) to 1.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the extract of Thalathus laevigata is prepared by the following steps: cleaning fresh Thalassia, drying at 50-70 deg.C for 2-4 hr, pulverizing into 60 mesh powder, adding water 8-12 times the weight of Thalassia powder, soaking at 15-30 deg.C for 1-3 hr, maintaining at 95-98 deg.C for 60-90 min, filtering, and collecting filtrate; adding 6-10 times of water into the residue, maintaining at 90-95 deg.C for 30-60 min, and filtering to remove residue; mixing the filtrates to obtain Thalathus vulgaris extractive solution.
3. A preparation method of selenium-rich chrysanthemum morifolium ramat comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment before picking: spraying selenium-rich nutrient solution on the leaf surface of the Huang chrysanthemum from 9 months and 1 day, spraying the selenium-rich nutrient solution once every 15 days for 4 times, and spraying 60kg of selenium-rich nutrient solution per mu each time;
(2) picking: picking up the Huangju with complete flower shape, bright color, no plant diseases and insect pests and no pedicel in 5 days of 11 months;
(3) color protection: soaking the picked royaljelly in a color protection solution for 5 minutes, and taking out to obtain the royaljelly after color protection;
(4) spreading: arranging the color-protected Huang chrysanthemum flowers on a withering trough with the centers facing upwards, wherein the flowers are not overlapped, spreading the flowers at the temperature of 33 ℃ for 3 hours, spreading the flowers at the temperature of 25 ℃ for 6 hours, and spreading the flowers at the temperature of 18 ℃ for 5 hours;
(5) de-enzyming: carrying out enzyme deactivation on the royal chrysanthemum processed in the step (4) in a microwave enzyme deactivation machine, wherein the enzyme deactivation temperature is 75 ℃, the enzyme deactivation time is 4 minutes, the microwave frequency is 2450MHz, and the spreading thickness of the royal chrysanthemum in the enzyme deactivation process is 5 cm;
(6) and (3) vacuum drying: after the water-removed Huangju is spread and dried for 15 minutes, a vacuum drying oven is adopted to dry for 40 minutes at 65 ℃, then the Huangju is taken out and spread and dried for 15 minutes, and then dried for 4 hours at 55 ℃, the vacuum degree of the vacuum drying oven is 60Pa in the drying process, and the spreading thickness of the Huangju is 3cm, so that the selenium-enriched Huangju is obtained;
the selenium-rich nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.03 part by weight of sodium selenite, 60 parts by weight of a Thalassia extract and 940 parts by weight of water; the selenium-rich nutrient solution is prepared by the following method: adding sodium selenite and the Thalassia alata extract into water, and mixing to obtain selenium-rich nutrient solution;
the Thalassia extract is prepared by the following method: cleaning fresh Thalassia serpyllum, drying at 60 deg.C for 3 hr, pulverizing into 60 mesh powder, adding water 10 times the weight of Thalassia serpyllum powder, soaking at 25 deg.C for 2 hr, maintaining the temperature at 96 deg.C for 70 min, filtering with 300 mesh filter cloth, and collecting filtrate; adding water 8 times the weight of Thalassia repens powder into the filter residue, keeping the temperature at 92 deg.C for 40 min, filtering with 300 mesh filter cloth to remove residue, and mixing the filtrates to obtain Thalassia repens extractive solution;
the color protection liquid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.2 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.06 part of antioxidant and 99.74 parts of water; the color protection liquid is prepared by the following method: adding sodium bicarbonate and an antioxidant into water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a color protection solution;
the antioxidant is a mixture of 5% of water-soluble lutein powder and zinc gluconate, and the mass ratio of the 5% of water-soluble lutein powder to the zinc gluconate is 2: 1.
4. Selenium-enriched royaljelly prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 3.
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| CN111512898A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-08-11 | 成安县乾翔农业科技有限公司 | Method for cultivating golden-silk chrysanthemum with high selenium, zinc and calcium microelements |
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