CN107173525A - 南美白对虾的幼虾饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
南美白对虾的幼虾饲料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107173525A CN107173525A CN201710452571.2A CN201710452571A CN107173525A CN 107173525 A CN107173525 A CN 107173525A CN 201710452571 A CN201710452571 A CN 201710452571A CN 107173525 A CN107173525 A CN 107173525A
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- penaeus vannmei
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种南美白对虾的幼虾饲料，包括以下重量份数的各组分：小麦胚芽粉40份、猪大肠粉35份、鱼粉30份、酪蛋白8份、玉米粉10份、低聚果糖4份、动物油5份、竹虫8份、蚯蚓4份、豆虫3份、马陆5份、蝉蛹4份、黄精1份、百部1份、黄芩0.5份、花生衣1份、杜仲0.8份、苦楝枝叶0.4份、小飞蓬0.3份、大蒜素0.2份、复合维生素2份、以及食盐5份。本发明还提供了一种南美白对虾的幼虾饲料的制备方法。本发明的幼虾饲料提高了南美白对虾幼虾的食欲、采食量和抗病性，进而提高了南美白对虾幼虾的生长速度和成活率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及对虾饲料，更具体地说是一种南美白对虾的幼虾饲料及其制备方法。
背景技术
南美白对虾，学名凡纳对虾，是广温广盐性热带虾类，原产于南美洲太平洋沿岸海域。南美白对虾壳薄体肥，肉质鲜美，营养丰富，深受民众的喜爱，已逐渐成为我国南方的主要养殖虾种。但养殖的风险也是比较大的，这是因为对虾在养殖过程中，极容易因为养殖环境、喂养饲料及喂养方式的因素，影响对虾的生长，尤其对虾幼虾，对喂养的饲料要求较高，如果幼虾饲料的品质不好，会严重影响对虾幼虾的成活率和生长速度。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是解决至少上述问题和/或缺陷，并提供至少后面将说明的优点。
本发明还有一个目的是提供一种南美白对虾的幼虾饲料，其提高了南美白对虾幼虾的食欲、采食量和抗病性，进而提高了南美白对虾幼虾的生长速度和成活率。
为了实现根据本发明的这些目的和其它优点，提供了一种南美白对虾的幼虾饲料，包括以下重量份数的各组分：小麦胚芽粉40份、猪大肠粉35份、鱼粉30份、酪蛋白8份、玉米粉10份、低聚果糖4份、动物油5份、竹虫8份、蚯蚓4份、豆虫3份、马陆5份、蝉蛹4份、黄精1份、百部1份、黄芩0.5份、花生衣1份、杜仲0.8份、苦楝枝叶0.4份、小飞蓬0.3份、大蒜素0.2份、复合维生素2份、以及食盐5份。
优选的是，所述猪大肠粉的制备方法为：将100重量份猪大肠放入使用醋酸调节pH为4.5的800重量份的水溶液中，高温煮熟后晒干，然后使用超细磨粉机将晒干的猪大肠粉碎至300目，得到所述猪大肠粉。
一种南美白对虾的幼虾饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、按以下重量份将黄精1份、百部1份、黄芩0.5份、花生衣1份、杜仲0.8份、苦楝枝叶0.4份、以及小飞蓬0.3份洗净捣烂，然后与30重量份无水乙醇、50重量份蒸馏水充分混匀，用质量分数1％碳酸氢钠溶液调节pH至7.5，然后在50KHz频率下超声10min，25℃温度下继续浸泡3h后，然后过滤，过滤后得到的滤渣和滤液，然后对所述滤液进行真空干燥处理，得到防病害中草药粉，留用；
S2、按以下重量份将竹虫8份、蚯蚓4份、豆虫3份、马陆5份、蝉蛹4份进行炒制后进行粉碎，然后过80目筛，得高蛋白粉；
S3、将小麦胚芽粉40份、猪大肠粉35份、鱼粉30份、酪蛋白8份、以及玉米粉10份、低聚果糖4份、动物油5份与S1中的防病害中草药粉和S2中的高蛋白粉混合，得到第一混合物；
S4、配置由以下重量份数的原料混合而成的培养基：绿豆粉5份、荞麦粉6份、蜂蜜2份、氯化钠0.1份、维生素C 0.05份、磷酸二氢钾0.1份、以及无菌水200份；将双歧杆菌接种到所述培养基中，调节pH至5.5，先于30℃培养0.5h，再降温至20℃培养0.5h，最后降温至10℃培养0.5h，得到双歧杆菌种液，培养期间每隔0.5h加入一次0.01重量份的低聚果糖；在10℃温度下，于所述第一混合物中加入20重量份的蒸馏水混合搅拌均匀后，以1％的接种量接种双歧杆菌种液，以2.5℃/min的速度升温至30℃，发酵8h，得到第二混合物；
S5、按以下重量份数将磷酸二氢钙15份、硫酸钙8份、氯化钙3份、氯化锰1.2份、氯化钾1份、硒酸铵0.01份、钼酸钠0.01份、氧化钴0.01份、三氧化二钇0.02份、超细微矿石粉20份与水200份混合制成中微量元素微乳液；
S6、将S4中的第二混合物与大蒜素0.2份、复合维生素2份、以及食盐5份搅拌均匀并制成1.2mm粒径的颗粒饲料，然后使用S5中的中微量元素微乳液对颗粒饲料进行成膜处理，膜厚度为0.2mm，再于通风阴凉处晾干，即制得所述南美白对虾的幼虾饲料。
优选的是，所述复合维生素包括质量比为0.8:1.2:0.6:1.3:0.9:2:0.7的维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K。
优选的是，所述动物油为鱼油或猪油。
优选的是，猪大肠在高温煮熟的过程中为使用陶罐文火煮制，且保持水溶液处于沸腾状态至少40min。
本发明的至少包括以下有益效果：
第一、本发明的幼虾饲料营养均衡全面，能够增强南美白对虾幼虾的食欲和采食量，进而提高南美白对虾幼虾的生产速度，并且提高了饲料的利用率，提高了经济效益；
第二、本发明的饲料的防病害中草药粉能够增强南美白对虾的抗病性，提高南美白对虾的成活率；
第三、本发明的中微量元素微乳液制成成膜剂，不仅增强南美白对虾对各种中微量元素的吸收，而且在饲料颗粒表面形成一层保护膜，饲料入水后保护膜在水中缓慢分散，使得饲料颗粒内部的各物质也能在水中能被包裹较长时间，便于南美白对虾进食，同时提高了饲料的利用率；
第四、本发明的幼虾饲料中通过在较低温度下培育双歧杆菌，低温下接种双歧杆菌的第一混合物，有利于第一混合物中各营养物质的溶出，以2.5℃/min的速度升温，使低温下的第一混合物中的有效成分及活性物质在升温过程中不会因为温度骤升而大量流失，接种双歧杆菌的饲料能帮助南美白对虾幼虾抑制肠道病原菌生长，抵抗病原菌的感染，提高南美白对虾幼虾的吸收能力和免疫力，低聚果糖作为歧化因子，能促进双歧杆菌的生长繁殖。
本发明的其它优点、目标和特征将部分通过下面的说明体现，部分还将通过对本发明的研究和实践而为本领域的技术人员所理解。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做详细说明，以令本领域普通技术人员参阅本说明书后能够据以实施。
<实施例1>
一种南美白对虾的幼虾饲料，包括以下重量份数的各组分：小麦胚芽粉40份、猪大肠粉35份、鱼粉30份、酪蛋白8份、玉米粉10份、低聚果糖4份、动物油5份、竹虫8份、蚯蚓4份、豆虫3份、马陆5份、蝉蛹4份、黄精1份、百部1份、黄芩0.5份、花生衣1份、杜仲0.8份、苦楝枝叶0.4份、小飞蓬0.3份、大蒜素0.2份、复合维生素2份、以及食盐5份；
所述猪大肠粉的制备方法为：将100重量份猪大肠放入使用醋酸调节pH为4.5的800重量份的水溶液中，高温煮熟后晒干，然后使用超细磨粉机将晒干的猪大肠粉碎至300目，得到所述猪大肠粉。
一种南美白对虾的幼虾饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、按以下重量份将黄精1份、百部1份、黄芩0.5份、花生衣1份、杜仲0.8份、苦楝枝叶0.4份、以及小飞蓬0.3份洗净捣烂，然后与30重量份无水乙醇、50重量份蒸馏水充分混匀，用质量分数1％碳酸氢钠溶液调节pH至7.5，然后在50KHz频率下超声10min，25℃温度下继续浸泡3h后，然后过滤，过滤后得到的滤渣和滤液，然后对所述滤液进行真空干燥处理，得到防病害中草药粉，留用；
S2、按以下重量份将竹虫8份、蚯蚓4份、豆虫3份、马陆5份、蝉蛹4份进行炒制后进行粉碎，然后过80目筛，得高蛋白粉；
S3、将小麦胚芽粉40份、猪大肠粉35份、鱼粉30份、酪蛋白8份、以及玉米粉10份、低聚果糖4份、动物油5份与S1中的防病害中草药粉和S2中的高蛋白粉混合，得到第一混合物；
S4、配置由以下重量份数的原料混合而成的培养基：绿豆粉5份、荞麦粉6份、蜂蜜2份、氯化钠0.1份、维生素C 0.05份、磷酸二氢钾0.1份、以及无菌水200份；将双歧杆菌接种到所述培养基中，调节pH至5.5，先于30℃培养0.5h，再降温至20℃培养0.5h，最后降温至10℃培养0.5h，得到双歧杆菌种液，培养期间每隔0.5h加入一次0.01重量份的低聚果糖；在10℃温度下，于所述第一混合物中加入20重量份的蒸馏水混合搅拌均匀后，以1％的接种量接种双歧杆菌种液，以2.5℃/min的速度升温至30℃，发酵8h，得到第二混合物；
S5、按以下重量份数将磷酸二氢钙15份、硫酸钙8份、氯化钙3份、氯化锰1.2份、氯化钾1份、硒酸铵0.01份、钼酸钠0.01份、氧化钴0.01份、三氧化二钇0.02份、超细微矿石粉20份与水200份混合制成中微量元素微乳液；
S6、将S4中的第二混合物与大蒜素0.2份、复合维生素2份、以及食盐5份搅拌均匀并制成1.2mm粒径的颗粒饲料，然后使用S5中的中微量元素微乳液对颗粒饲料进行成膜处理，膜厚度为0.2mm，再于通风阴凉处晾干，即制得所述南美白对虾的幼虾饲料。
优选的是，所述复合维生素包括质量比为0.8:1.2:0.6:1.3:0.9:2:0.7的维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K。
优选的是，所述动物油为鱼油或猪油。
优选的是，猪大肠在高温煮熟的过程中为使用陶罐文火煮制，且保持水溶液处于沸腾状态至少40min。
<对比试验>
对比例1：市场上销售的常规的南美白对虾幼虾饲料。
对比例2：不添加猪大肠粉，其余部分与实施例中的一致。
对比例3：不添加中微量元素微乳液，饲料颗粒不做成膜处理，其余部分与实施例中的一致。
对比例4：不制作双歧杆菌种液，不接种双歧杆菌种液，其余部分与实施例中一致。
采用过滤循环水系统进行南美白对虾养殖试验，在六个养殖箱(养殖箱一、养殖箱二、养殖箱三、养殖箱四、养殖箱五)中分别饲养200尾南美白对虾。在养殖箱一、使用实施例中的饲料，在养殖箱二使用对比例1的饲料，在养殖箱三使用对比例2的饲料，在养殖箱四使用对比例3的饲料，在养殖箱五使用对比例4的饲料，养殖60天后统计各养殖箱内的南美白对虾的增重率和成活率，结果见表1。
表1
| 增重率 | 成活率 | |
| 实施例 | 1805％ | 95％ |
| 对比例1 | 1395％ | 84％ |
| 对比例2 | 1489％ | 88％ |
| 对比例3 | 1498％ | 89％ |
| 对比例4 | 1485％ | 87％ |
由表1可知，实施例的增重率和成活率明显高于对比例1～4，因此，本发明的幼虾饲料能够明显提高南美白对虾幼虾的生长速度和成活率。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上，但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用，它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域，对于熟悉本领域的人员而言，可容易地实现另外的修改，因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下，本发明并不限于特定的细节和这里示出与描述的实施例。
Claims (6)
1.一种南美白对虾的幼虾饲料，其特征在于，包括以下重量份数的各组分：小麦胚芽粉40份、猪大肠粉35份、鱼粉30份、酪蛋白8份、玉米粉10份、低聚果糖4份、动物油5份、竹虫8份、蚯蚓4份、豆虫3份、马陆5份、蝉蛹4份、黄精1份、百部1份、黄芩0.5份、花生衣1份、杜仲0.8份、苦楝枝叶0.4份、小飞蓬0.3份、大蒜素0.2份、复合维生素2份、以及食盐5份。
2.如权利要求1所述的南美白对虾的幼虾饲料，其特征在于，所述猪大肠粉的制备方法为：将100重量份猪大肠放入使用醋酸调节pH为4.5的800重量份的水溶液中，高温煮熟后晒干，然后使用超细磨粉机将晒干的猪大肠粉碎至300目，得到所述猪大肠粉。
3.一种南美白对虾的幼虾饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、按以下重量份将黄精1份、百部1份、黄芩0.5份、花生衣1份、杜仲0.8份、苦楝枝叶0.4份、以及小飞蓬0.3份洗净捣烂，然后与30重量份无水乙醇、50重量份蒸馏水充分混匀，用质量分数1％碳酸氢钠溶液调节pH至7.5，然后在50KHz频率下超声10min，25℃温度下继续浸泡3h后，然后过滤，过滤后得到的滤渣和滤液，然后对所述滤液进行真空干燥处理，得到防病害中草药粉，留用；
S2、按以下重量份将竹虫8份、蚯蚓4份、豆虫3份、马陆5份、蝉蛹4份进行炒制后进行粉碎，然后过80目筛，得高蛋白粉；
S3、将小麦胚芽粉40份、猪大肠粉35份、鱼粉30份、酪蛋白8份、以及玉米粉10份、低聚果糖4份、动物油5份与S1中的防病害中草药粉和S2中的高蛋白粉混合，得到第一混合物；
S4、配置由以下重量份数的原料混合而成的培养基：绿豆粉5份、荞麦粉6份、蜂蜜2份、氯化钠0.1份、维生素C 0.05份、磷酸二氢钾0.1份、以及无菌水200份；将双歧杆菌接种到所述培养基中，调节pH至5.5，先于30℃培养0.5h，再降温至20℃培养0.5h，最后降温至10℃培养0.5h，得到双歧杆菌种液，培养期间每隔0.5h加入一次0.01重量份的低聚果糖；在10℃温度下，于所述第一混合物中加入20重量份的蒸馏水混合搅拌均匀后，以1％的接种量接种双歧杆菌种液，以2.5℃/min的速度升温至30℃，发酵8h，得到第二混合物；
S5、按以下重量份数将磷酸二氢钙15份、硫酸钙8份、氯化钙3份、氯化锰1.2份、氯化钾1份、硒酸铵0.01份、钼酸钠0.01份、氧化钴0.01份、三氧化二钇0.02份、超细微矿石粉20份与水200份混合制成中微量元素微乳液；
S6、将S4中的第二混合物与大蒜素0.2份、复合维生素2份、以及食盐5份搅拌均匀并制成1.2mm粒径的颗粒饲料，然后使用S5中的中微量元素微乳液对颗粒饲料进行成膜处理，膜厚度为0.2mm，再于通风阴凉处晾干，即制得所述南美白对虾的幼虾饲料。
4.如权利要求3所述的南美白对虾的幼虾饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述复合维生素包括质量比为0.8:1.2:0.6:1.3:0.9:2:0.7的维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K。
5.如权利要求3所述的南美白对虾的幼虾饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述动物油为鱼油或猪油。
6.如权利要求3所述的南美白对虾的幼虾饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，猪大肠在高温煮熟的过程中为使用陶罐文火煮制，且保持水溶液处于沸腾状态至少40min。
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