CN107164052A - 一种有机胺水性微乳化切削液的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种有机胺水性微乳化切削液的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107164052A
CN107164052A CN201710370793.XA CN201710370793A CN107164052A CN 107164052 A CN107164052 A CN 107164052A CN 201710370793 A CN201710370793 A CN 201710370793A CN 107164052 A CN107164052 A CN 107164052A
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肖颖
谭小燕
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XIAOGAN JIANGYAN CHEMICAL CO Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种有机胺水性微乳化切削液的制备方法，本发明的切削液各原料相容性好，均匀稳定性好，不易沉积、分层，以聚氨酯为主要成膜原料，得到的抗锈膜具有很好的韧性，与基材的粘结性强，通过在氟硼酸胺中聚合，提高了聚合物的水分散性。

Description

一种有机胺水性微乳化切削液的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于切削液领域，具体涉及一种有机胺水性微乳化切削液的制备方法。
背景技术
切削液是一种用在金属切削、磨加工过程中，用来冷却和润滑刀具和加工件的工业用液体，切削液由多种超强功能助剂经科学复合配合而成，同时具备良好的冷却性能、润滑性能、防锈性能、除油清洗功能、防腐功能、易稀释特点。克服了传统皂基乳化液夏天易臭、冬天难稀释、防锈效果差的的毛病，对车床漆也无不良影响，适用于黑色金属的切削及磨加工，属当前最领先的磨削产品，切削液各项指标均优于皂化油，它具有良好的冷却、清洗、防锈等特点，并且具备无毒、无味、对人体无侵蚀、对设备不腐蚀、对环境不污染等特点，切削液在切削过程中的润滑作用，可以减小前刀面与切屑、后刀面与已加工表面间的摩擦，形成部分润滑膜，从而减小切削力、摩擦和功率消耗，降低刀具与工件坯料摩擦部位的表面温度和刀具磨损，改善工件材料的切削加工性能。在磨削过程中，加入磨削液后，磨削液渗入砂轮磨粒-工件及磨粒-磨屑之间形成润滑膜，使界面间的摩擦减小，防止磨粒切削刃磨损和粘附切屑，从而减小磨削力和摩擦热，提高砂轮耐用度以及工件表面质量；在金属切削过程中，工件要与环境介质及切削液组分分解或氧化变质而产生的油泥等腐蚀性介质接触而腐蚀，与切削液接触的机床部件表面也会因此而腐蚀。此外，在工件加工后或工序之间流转过程中暂时存放时，也要求切削液有一定的防锈能力，防止环境介质及残存切削液中的油泥等腐蚀性物质对金属产生侵蚀。特别是在我国南方地区潮湿多雨季节，更应注意工序间防锈措施；
切削液应具备良好的稳定性，在贮存和使用中不产生沉淀或分层、析油、析皂和老化等现象。对细菌和霉菌有一定抵抗能力，不易长霉及生物降解而导致发臭、变质。不损坏涂漆零件，对人体无危害，无刺激性气味。在使用过程中无烟、雾或少烟雾。便于回收，低污染，排放的废液处理简便，经处理后能达到国家规定的工业污水排放标准等，然而目前切削液的附着力和韧性差，且有裂纹，膜抗粘连性差，均匀稳定性差。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的缺陷和不足，提供一种有机胺水性微乳化切削液的制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种有机胺水性微乳化切削液的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)取2-3重量份的氟硼酸，加入到其重量150-200倍的去离子水中，搅拌均匀；
(2)取1-2重量份的四乙基溴化铵，加入到其重量16-20倍的丙酮中，搅拌均匀，加入10-13重量份的烯基琥珀酸酐，升高温度为50-65℃，保温搅拌4-10分钟，送入到反应釜中，通入氮气，加入0.1-0.3重量份的过氧化二异丙苯，调节反应釜温度为60-65℃，保温搅拌2-3小时，得聚酸酐溶液；
(3)取110-120重量份的异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯，加入到上述氟硼酸水溶液中，搅拌均匀，与100-105重量份的聚丙二醇ppg1000混合，送入到反应釜中，通入氮气，加入3-4重量份的辛酸亚锡，升高温度为80-85℃，保温反应5-6小时，加入0.7-1重量份的1.4丁二醇，搅拌至常温，冷却出料，得氟硼酸聚酯溶液；
(4)取上述聚酸酐溶液、氟硼酸聚酯溶液混合，搅拌均匀，蒸馏除去丙酮，得水解氟硼酸聚酯溶液；
(5)取2-3重量份的肉豆蔻酸钠皂、0.4-1重量份的乙酸异丁酸蔗糖酯混合，加入到17-20重量份的氯化亚砜中，在70-75℃下保温搅拌20-30分钟，蒸馏除去氯化亚砜，得酰氯化皂；
(6)取上述酰氯化皂，加入到水解氟硼酸聚酯溶液中，搅拌均匀，加入1-2重量份的二月桂酸二丁基锡，搅拌均匀，加入2-3重量份的椰油酸二乙醇酰胺、0.6-1重量份的司盘80，2000-3000转/份搅拌10-20分钟，即得所述有机胺水性微乳化切削液。
本发明的优点：
本发明以烯基琥珀酸酐为单体，与四乙基溴化铵混合，在过氧化二异丙苯的引发作用下聚合，得到聚酸酐溶液；然后以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、聚丙二醇ppg1000为原料，通过掺杂氟硼酸，得到氟硼酸聚酯溶液，然后将聚酸酐溶液、氟硼酸聚酯溶液混合，将四乙基溴化铵、氟硼酸反应，得到氟硼酸胺，然后通过聚酸酐水解，得水解氟硼酸聚酯溶液；然后将肉豆蔻酸钠皂通过氯化亚砜处理，将得到的酰氯化皂与水解氟硼酸聚酯溶液混合，得到酰胺化的聚酯分散液，然后与乳化剂混合，得到的乳化切削液；
本发明的切削液各原料相容性好，均匀稳定性好，不易沉积、分层，以聚氨酯为主要成膜原料，得到的抗锈膜具有很好的韧性，与基材的粘结性强，通过在氟硼酸胺中聚合，提高了聚合物的水分散性。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种有机胺水性微乳化切削液的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)取3重量份的氟硼酸，加入到其重量200倍的去离子水中，搅拌均匀；
(2)取2重量份的四乙基溴化铵，加入到其重量20倍的丙酮中，搅拌均匀，加入13重量份的烯基琥珀酸酐，升高温度为65℃，保温搅拌10分钟，送入到反应釜中，通入氮气，加入0.3重量份的过氧化二异丙苯，调节反应釜温度为65℃，保温搅拌3小时，得聚酸酐溶液；
(3)取110-120重量份的异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯，加入到上述氟硼酸水溶液中，搅拌均匀，与105重量份的聚丙二醇ppg1000混合，送入到反应釜中，通入氮气，加入4重量份的辛酸亚锡，升高温度为85℃，保温反应6小时，加入1重量份的1.4丁二醇，搅拌至常温，冷却出料，得氟硼酸聚酯溶液；
(4)取上述聚酸酐溶液、氟硼酸聚酯溶液混合，搅拌均匀，蒸馏除去丙酮，得水解氟硼酸聚酯溶液；
(5)取3重量份的肉豆蔻酸钠皂、1重量份的乙酸异丁酸蔗糖酯混合，加入到20重量份的氯化亚砜中，在75℃下保温搅拌30分钟，蒸馏除去氯化亚砜，得酰氯化皂；
(6)取上述酰氯化皂，加入到水解氟硼酸聚酯溶液中，搅拌均匀，加入2重量份的二月桂酸二丁基锡，搅拌均匀，加入3重量份的椰油酸二乙醇酰胺、1重量份的司盘80，3000转/份搅拌20分钟，即得所述有机胺水性微乳化切削液。
实施例2
一种有机胺水性微乳化切削液的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)取2重量份的氟硼酸，加入到其重量150倍的去离子水中，搅拌均匀；
(2)取1重量份的四乙基溴化铵，加入到其重量16倍的丙酮中，搅拌均匀，加入10重量份的烯基琥珀酸酐，升高温度为50℃，保温搅拌4分钟，送入到反应釜中，通入氮气，加入0.1重量份的过氧化二异丙苯，调节反应釜温度为60℃，保温搅拌2小时，得聚酸酐溶液；
(3)取110重量份的异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯，加入到上述氟硼酸水溶液中，搅拌均匀，与100重量份的聚丙二醇ppg1000混合，送入到反应釜中，通入氮气，加入3重量份的辛酸亚锡，升高温度为80℃，保温反应5小时，加入0.7重量份的1.4丁二醇，搅拌至常温，冷却出料，得氟硼酸聚酯溶液；
(4)取上述聚酸酐溶液、氟硼酸聚酯溶液混合，搅拌均匀，蒸馏除去丙酮，得水解氟硼酸聚酯溶液；
(5)取2重量份的肉豆蔻酸钠皂、0.4重量份的乙酸异丁酸蔗糖酯混合，加入到17重量份的氯化亚砜中，在70℃下保温搅拌20分钟，蒸馏除去氯化亚砜，得酰氯化皂；
(6)取上述酰氯化皂，加入到水解氟硼酸聚酯溶液中，搅拌均匀，加入1重量份的二月桂酸二丁基锡，搅拌均匀，加入2重量份的椰油酸二乙醇酰胺、0.6重量份的司盘80，2000转/份搅拌10分钟，即得所述有机胺水性微乳化切削液。
本发明切削液的性能测试：
贮存稳定性：将50mL本发明的切削液置于100mL具塞量筒中，将其放于(70±3)℃恒温干燥箱中5h，取出冷至室温(15-35℃)，放置3h，然后再置于(-12±3)℃的低温冰箱中24h，取出静置至室温，1h后观察无分层、相变等现象；
防锈性(35±2℃)一级灰口铸铁：单片，60h无锈；
腐蚀试验(55±2℃)铸铁：60h无锈。
传统切削液的性能测试：
贮存稳定性：将50mL传统切削液置于100mL具塞量筒中，将其放于(70±3)℃恒温干燥箱中5h，取出冷至室温(15-35℃)，放置3h，然后再置于(-12±3)℃的低温冰箱中24h，取出静置至室温，1h后观察有轻微的分层现象；
防锈性(35±2℃)一级灰口铸铁：单片，60h表面有锈蚀；
腐蚀试验(55±2℃)铸铁：60h表面有锈蚀。

Claims (1)

1.一种有机胺水性微乳化切削液的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)取2-3重量份的氟硼酸，加入到其重量150-200倍的去离子水中，搅拌均匀；
(2)取1-2重量份的四乙基溴化铵，加入到其重量16-20倍的丙酮中，搅拌均匀，加入10-13重量份的烯基琥珀酸酐，升高温度为50-65℃，保温搅拌4-10分钟，送入到反应釜中，通入氮气，加入0.1-0.3重量份的过氧化二异丙苯，调节反应釜温度为60-65℃，保温搅拌2-3小时，得聚酸酐溶液；
(3)取110-120重量份的异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯，加入到上述氟硼酸水溶液中，搅拌均匀，与100-105重量份的聚丙二醇ppg1000混合，送入到反应釜中，通入氮气，加入3-4重量份的辛酸亚锡，升高温度为80-85℃，保温反应5-6小时，加入0.7-1重量份的1.4丁二醇，搅拌至常温，冷却出料，得氟硼酸聚酯溶液；
(4)取上述聚酸酐溶液、氟硼酸聚酯溶液混合，搅拌均匀，蒸馏除去丙酮，得水解氟硼酸聚酯溶液；
(5)取2-3重量份的肉豆蔻酸钠皂、0.4-1重量份的乙酸异丁酸蔗糖酯混合，加入到17-20重量份的氯化亚砜中，在70-75℃下保温搅拌20-30分钟，蒸馏除去氯化亚砜，得酰氯化皂；
(6)取上述酰氯化皂，加入到水解氟硼酸聚酯溶液中，搅拌均匀，加入1-2重量份的二月桂酸二丁基锡，搅拌均匀，加入2-3重量份的椰油酸二乙醇酰胺、0.6-1重量份的司盘80，2000-3000转/份搅拌10-20分钟，即得所述有机胺水性微乳化切削液。
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