CN107160603A - 在确定构件‑表层外轮廓的电镀模处制造粒纹结构的方法 - Google Patents

在确定构件‑表层外轮廓的电镀模处制造粒纹结构的方法 Download PDF

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CN107160603A
CN107160603A CN201710131126.6A CN201710131126A CN107160603A CN 107160603 A CN107160603 A CN 107160603A CN 201710131126 A CN201710131126 A CN 201710131126A CN 107160603 A CN107160603 A CN 107160603A
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mold segment
graining
contact pin
viewable side
mould
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CN107160603B (zh
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R.米伊克
P.迪伊克斯
B.诺恩
T.贝梅
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Volkswagen AG
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种在确定构件‑表层外轮廓的电镀模处制造粒纹结构的方法，该方法用于在确定构件‑表层(5)、尤其仪表板‑表层的可见侧的外轮廓的电镀模处制造粒纹结构(11,15)，在其中至少由第一模段(19)和第二模段(21)构建有皮衬模(17)，其中的第一模段(19)具有模芯(27)，该模芯在可见侧覆有粒纹化的皮表层(29)用于提供第一粒纹结构(11)，而第二模段(21)是一模芯，其可见侧在去掉粒纹化的皮表层(29)的情况下暴露并且第二粒纹结构(15)被加工到其可见侧中。

Description

在确定构件-表层外轮廓的电镀模处制造粒纹结构的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的用于在确定构件-表层的可见侧的外轮廓的电镀模(Galvanoform)处制造粒纹结构(Narbstruktur)的方法以及一种根据权利要求11所述的用于这样的方法的皮衬模(Belederungsmodell)。
背景技术
机动车的仪表板在通常的实践中可具有多层结构，亦即例如由聚丙烯制成的硬构件的仪表板-载体以及可见侧的浆皮(Slushhaut)和布置在之间的PU-泡沫。浆皮在其可见侧处可在不同的仪表板-区段处具有不同的粒纹结构，例如带有不规则的表面图案(Oberflaechenmuster)的皮粒纹结构(Ledernarbstruktur)和带有均匀的表面图案的所谓的技术粒纹。
仪表板的浆皮借助于电镀壳(Galvanoschale)或电镀模被预成形为单独的工件。电镀模与另外的工具件(例如浇注工具)共同限制模腔，借助于该浇注工具例如可在浇注过程中制造浆皮，亦即已带有预成形的仪表板-外轮廓以及带有粒纹结构。接下来将如此预成形的浆皮转移到发泡设备中，在该发泡设备中可制造成多层结构的仪表板。
由文件DE 101 02 600 B4已知一种用于在电镀模处制造粒纹结构的这种类型的方法，亦即带有以下过程步骤：首先准备所谓的皮衬模，其可见侧的外轮廓复制可见侧的构件-外轮廓且已具有粒纹结构。由皮衬模的可见侧的外轮廓以阴模成形出硅酮铸件(Silikonabguss)，其内侧与皮衬模的阴模是一致。接下来根据硅酮铸件产生母模(Muttermodell)。该母模在另外的过程中用于在电镀过程中制造电镀模，其内侧以阴模复制构件-外轮廓连同粒纹结构。
在文件DE 101 02 600 B4中皮衬模一件式地来构造并且在可见侧完整地覆有皮表层(Lederhaut)，利用该皮表层可产生粒纹结构。利用由文件DE 101 02 600 B4已知的皮衬模不能产生不同的粒纹结构。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种方法以及可运用于此的皮衬模，在其中能够以简单的方式构造带有不同粒纹结构的可见侧的构件-外表层、尤其仪表板-表层。
该目的通过权利要求1或11的特征来实现。在从属权利要求中公开了本发明的优选的改进方案。
本发明基于该事实，即在现有技术中可将附加的技术粒纹以过程技术复杂的方式例如通过激光加工来加工到构件(即仪表板)本身中或者例如到用于制造浆皮的电镀模中。与此相反，根据权利要求1的特征部分皮衬模不再(如在文件DE 101 02 600 B4中那样)一件式地来构建且在其整个可见侧处覆有皮表层，而是皮衬模具有至少一个第一模段(Modellsegment)和第二模段，其中的第一模段具有模芯(Modellkern)，该模芯在可见侧覆有粒纹化的皮表层，以便提供第一粒纹结构(即皮粒纹结构)。反之，第二模段是一模芯，其可见侧在去掉(Weglassung)粒纹化的皮表层的情况形下暴露并且任意的第二粒纹结构(优选地带有均匀的表面图案的技术粒纹)加工到其可见侧中。由此能够以简单的方式在可见侧的构件-外表层上产生不同粒纹结构的组合。
对于由现有技术已知的、完整地衬皮的皮衬模，在仪表板的不同子区域彼此相碰的区域中(例如在导气罩(Hutze)的过渡处)出现所谓的粒纹沟(Narbgraben)。另外的问题是，不能将这两个衬皮的区域彼此足够近地接在一起以获得视觉上无瑕疵的形象。反之，利用根据本发明不同地构建的第一和第二模段(与现有技术相比)可减少在两个部段之间的过渡接缝(Uebergangsfuge)，由此得到待制造的仪表板的在视觉上更讨人喜欢的外观。
如上所述，第一粒纹结构优选地可以是天然皮粒纹结构(Naturledernarbstruktur)，而第二粒纹结构是带有几何上规则的表面图案的技术粒纹。第二粒纹结构例如可通过切削的或无切屑的加工被加工到皮衬模的第二模段的可见侧中，尤其通过激光加工。第二模段为了简单加工优选地可以是金属件、尤其钢件。
在组装状态中，第一模段和第二模段可在皮衬模中直接彼此邻接并且其可见侧可面齐平地过渡到彼此中，亦即在这两个模段的面向彼此的边缘侧之间形成过渡接缝的情况下。这样的过渡接缝在另外的加工链中造成所谓的粒纹沟，其在完成的构件-表层中显示出在第一粒纹结构与第二粒纹结构之间的视觉上不利的分离。为了在构件-外表层中确保在这两个粒纹结构之间的视觉上无瑕疵的过渡，在皮衬模中第二模段(即未覆有粒纹化的皮表层的钢件)构造有侧向的边缘接片(Randsteg)，其从第二模段的边缘侧伸出一接片宽度。从模段伸出的边缘接片在可见侧封闭过渡接缝，由此可避免上面所提及的粒纹沟。
优选地，边缘接片与覆有粒纹化的皮表层的邻近的第一模段以预定义的重叠量(Ueberlappmass)相重叠。以该方式在构件-外表层中可在这两个粒纹结构之间获得视觉上无瑕疵的、面光滑的过渡。
在技术实现中，边缘接片可使第二模段的可见侧在侧向向外面齐平地延长上面所提及的接片宽度。边缘接片在此伸出超过第二模段的边缘侧，使得在第二模段的边缘侧与边缘接片之间张开有内角区域(或者说底切(Hinterschneidung))，第一模段在边缘侧伸入该内角区域中。为了在这两个模段之间的光滑过渡，边缘接片可直到其在侧向在外部的边棱(Randkante)逐渐尖细。优选地，边缘接片的材料强度向其在侧向在外部的边棱方向持续地减小。
技术粒纹(即第二粒纹结构)的表面图案可具有大量规则布置的凹部，其以粒纹深度加工到第二模段的表面中并且通过材料接片彼此分离。这样的表面图案在视觉上不利的情况中可不仅以其凹部而且以其材料接片在第二模段的体棱(Koerperkante)上伸延或在这样的体棱处结束。这沿着体棱造成锯齿轮廓，在该锯齿轮廓中凹部和材料接片沿着棱交替。
为了避免在第二模段的体棱处的这样的视觉上不利的锯齿轮廓，技术粒纹的表面图案优选地设计成使得其在第二模段的体棱处以材料接片中的一个结束，该材料接片沿着体棱连续地不中断地延伸。由此可避免上面所提及的沿着体棱的锯齿轮廓。备选地和/或附加地，上面所提及的锯齿轮廓还由此至少被减弱，即第二模段的表面图案在其体棱的区域中具有展平部(Abflachung)。在该展平部中粒纹深度不保持恒定，而是使其减少直至到达体棱。
前面所阐述的和/或在从属权利要求中反映的本发明的有利的构造方案和/或改进方案(除了例如在明确相关或互不相容的选项的情况中之外)可单独地或者但是也可相互任意组合地应用。
附图说明
接下来根据附图来更详细地阐述本发明和其有利的构造方案和改进方案以及其优点。
其中：
图1单独示出了机动车的仪表板的透视图；
图2示出了沿着图1中的剖切平面A-A的透视性的部分剖示图；
图3以透视性的部分剖示图示出了皮衬模；
图4示出了皮衬模的部分剖示图。
具体实施方式
在图1中以透视图示出了仪表板1，该仪表板可装设在双道机动车的车辆内部空间中。仪表板1具有多层结构，如其在图2中所示，亦即带有下仪表板-载体3(其例如由硬构件的聚丙烯制成)以及可见侧的浆皮5和中间的PU-泡沫7(其在浆皮5与仪表板-载体1之间发泡)。浆皮5在可见侧在面向车辆内部空间的面区域9(图1)中设有不规则的皮粒纹结构11(图2)，而浆皮5在面向挡风玻璃的面区域13中在可见侧设有带有均匀的表面图案的技术性粒纹15(图2)。这两个粒纹结构11、15在图2中直接过渡到彼此中。
浆皮5借助于未示出的、然而技术人员已知的电镀模作为单独的工件来预成形，其已设有仪表板1的外轮廓以及粒纹结构11、15。电镀模的制造在运用在图3和4中所示的皮衬模型(Belederungsmuster)17的情况下实现。为了更简单地理解本发明，首先粗略简化地来说明用于制造电镀模的方法，如其例如由文件DE 101 02 600 B4已知的那样，参照其公开内容：如此首先准备在图3和4中示出的皮衬模17，其可见侧的外轮廓复制仪表板-外轮廓并且这两个粒纹结构11、15已被加工到其可见侧中。由皮衬模17的可见侧的外轮廓产生硅酮铸件，其内侧以阴模复制皮衬模17的外轮廓。根据该硅酮铸件接下来产生所谓的母模，借助于该母模来制造至少一个电镀模，其以阴模复制仪表板-外轮廓连同粒纹结构11、15。
如由图3和4得悉的那样，皮衬模17具有第一模段19和第二模段21，它们以其面对的边缘侧23在中间布置过渡接缝25的情况下直接彼此邻接。第一模段19两件式地来构建，亦即带有模芯27，其可见侧被皮表层29包覆。皮表层29提供不规则的皮粒纹结构11。与此相对，第二模段21实施成一件式，亦即由钢插入件(Stahleinsatzteil)构成，其可见侧在去掉粒纹化的皮表层29的情况下暴露。在钢插入件21的可见侧中加工出带有规则的表面图案的技术粒纹15。技术粒纹15的引入优选地借助于激光实现。与现有技术相区别，激光处理因此不是在仪表板1上或在过程技术上前置的工具中、而是在皮衬模17的模段21上实现。
根据图3和4，这两个模段19、21在其可见侧处面齐平地过渡到彼此中，其中，处于之间的过渡接缝25通过边缘接片31来封闭。以该方式可通过直接封闭过渡接缝25来避免由现有技术已知的粒纹沟，由此在过渡区域的造型中获得新的自由度。
边缘接片31从第二模段21的边缘侧23在侧向向外伸出接片宽度b(图4)。接片宽度b尺寸设定成使得边缘接片31与第一模段19以重叠量m(图4)相重叠。
边缘接片31在图3和4中使第二模段21的可见侧面齐平地延长了接片宽度b ，亦即超过第二模段21的边缘侧23，使得在其边缘侧23与其边缘接片31之间张开有内角区域33，第一模段19伸入该内角区域中。如在图3或4中所示，边缘接片31在其接片宽度b上不具有保持不变的材料强度，而是边缘接片31直至其外部的边棱35(图4)逐渐尖细，以便在这两个模段19、21的可见侧之间提供光滑的过渡。
如由图3另外得悉的那样，技术粒纹15具有大量规则地布置的凹部37，其以粒纹深度∆t加工到第二模段21的表面中。凹部37通过材料接片39彼此分离。技术粒纹15的如此构建的表面图案在图3中直接在第二模段21的边缘接片31的在侧向上在外部的边棱35处结束。
技术粒纹15的表面结构的取向可在引入第二模段(即钢插入物)21中之前虚拟地来设计。技术粒纹15的精确的几何结构可被匹配和塑造成使得该结构在可见的界限之下针对第二模段21的各个体棱来优化。这以协调的棱走向为目标实现。
如在图3中所示，第二模段21的技术粒纹15的表面图案例如可鉴于至第一模段19的可见侧的无瑕疵的面光滑的过渡如下来匹配：如此在图3中技术粒纹15的表面图案设计成使得其直接在边棱35处以材料接片37结束，该材料接片沿着边棱35连续地不中断地延伸。第二模段21的表面图案此外可在边棱35的区域中具有展平部，在该展平部中粒纹深度∆t减小向直至边棱35。根据本发明，如此实现的激光粒纹即可根据情况匹配技术粒纹15的粒纹深度∆t和粒纹特征(Narbauspraegung)，由此可避免在第二模段21的体棱的较窄的半径处的不利的锯齿效应。例如可在凸状曲线和尖角的情况下对于各个区域无级地来调整粒纹深度∆t，而不必将该深度和特征从技术粒纹15剥夺。通过上面所提及的粒纹的展平部此外可改善构件的脱模。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于在确定构件-表层(5)、尤其仪表板-表层的可见侧的外轮廓的电镀模处制造粒纹结构(11,15)的方法，其带有以下过程步骤：
-准备皮衬模(17)，其可见侧的外轮廓复制构件-外轮廓并且具有所述粒纹结构(11,15)，
-由所述皮衬模(17)的可见侧的外轮廓以阴模产生铸件，
-根据所述铸件产生母模，
-产生至少一个电镀模，其以阴模复制所述构件-外轮廓连同所述粒纹结构(11,15)，
其特征在于，所述皮衬模(17)至少由第一模段(19)和第二模段(21)来构建，其中的所述第一模段(19)具有模芯(27)，该模芯在可见侧覆有粒纹化的皮表层(29)用于提供第一粒纹结构(11)，而所述第二模段(21)是一模芯，其可见侧在去掉所述粒纹化的皮表层(29)的情况下暴露并且第二粒纹结构(15)被加工到其可见侧中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二粒纹结构(15)通过切削的/无切屑的加工被加工到所述第二模段(21)的可见侧中，尤其通过激光加工。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二模段(21)是金属件、尤其是钢件。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一粒纹结构(11)是天然皮粒纹结构而所述第二粒纹结构(15)是几何上规则的表面图案。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，第一和第二模段(19,21)彼此邻接并且/或者面齐平地过渡到彼此中，亦即在所述模段(19,21)的面向彼此的边缘(22)之间带有过渡接缝(25)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二模段(21)具有在侧向伸出接片宽度(b)的边缘接片(31)，所述边缘接片在可见侧封闭所述过渡接缝(25)，并且所述边缘接片(31)尤其与所述第一模段(19)以重叠量(m)相重叠。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述边缘接片(31)使所述第二模段(21)的可见侧面齐平地延长了所述接片宽度(b)，亦即超过所述第二模段(21)的边缘(23)，使得在所述第二模段(21)的边缘(23)与所述边缘接片(31)之间张开有内角区域(33)，所述第一模段(19)伸入所述内角区域中。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述边缘接片(31)在它的与所述第二模段(21)的边缘(23)间隔了所述接片宽度(b)的边棱(35)处逐渐尖细。
9.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二粒纹结构(15)的表面图案具有大量的凹部(37)，所述凹部以粒纹深度(∆t)加工到所述第二模段(21)的表面中并且通过材料接片(39)彼此分离，并且尤其所述表面图案设计成使得其在所述第二模段(21)的体棱(35)处以所述材料接片(39)中的一个结束，所述材料接片沿着所述体棱(35)连续地不中断地伸延。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二模段(21)在其体棱(35)的区域中具有展平部，在所述展平部中所述粒纹深度(∆t)减少直至到达所述体棱(35)。
11.一种用于在确定构件-表层的可见侧的外轮廓的电镀模处制造粒纹结构的方法所用的皮衬模，其特征在于，所述皮衬模(17)至少由第一模段(19)和第二模段(21)来构建，其中的所述第一模段(19)具有模芯(27)，所述模芯在可见侧覆有粒纹化的皮表层(29)用于提供第一粒纹结构(11)，而所述第二模段(21)是一模芯，其可见侧在去掉所述粒纹化的皮表层(29)的情况下暴露并且第二粒纹结构(15)被加工到其可见侧中。
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