CN107155440A - A kind of method of the fast quick-recovery agricultural continuous cropping soil soil fertility of utilization complex microorganism - Google Patents
A kind of method of the fast quick-recovery agricultural continuous cropping soil soil fertility of utilization complex microorganism Download PDFInfo
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- CN107155440A CN107155440A CN201710442197.8A CN201710442197A CN107155440A CN 107155440 A CN107155440 A CN 107155440A CN 201710442197 A CN201710442197 A CN 201710442197A CN 107155440 A CN107155440 A CN 107155440A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/08—Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of the fast quick-recovery agricultural continuous cropping soil soil fertility of complex microorganism, including the making of agricultural active water, the administration of active water and periodic maintenance.The present invention fundamentally recovers ecological environment of soil using the mode of natural nuisance-free, the organic pollutions such as chemical fertilizer, the organic agricultural chemicals remained in degraded soil, effectively break soil hardening, promote crumb structure to be formed, activating soil is organic and inorganic nutrients, recovers soil productivity；The usage amount of fertilizer is significantly reduced, the input cost of planting household is reduced；Soil organic matter content is effectively improved, the present invention can increase the yield of kind of plant.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of the fast quick-recovery agricultural continuous cropping soil soil fertility of utilization complex microorganism, belong to soil work
Change technical field.
Background technology
Soil existing tens years on earth, and the mankind only have the history of millions of years.When the mankind decode
The password of the earth, in order to obtain bigger economic interests in soil, just starts to impose soil " color ", colourful from this
Poisonous and harmful substance pure soil is endured to the fullest extent insult.Far away from the Bronze Age, the mankind begin to deliver into soil a variety of
Chemical substance.And with the rise of the industrial revolution, the mankind are a large amount of poisonous while carrying out material production, creating material progress
Harmful material is also excreted in soil.Agriculture chemical is excessively used due to coveting high yield in the development of premodern agriculture,
Even more cause serious soil pollution.With the fast development of China's agricultural and rural economy and sharply increasing for population, agricultural
Ecological environment constantly deteriorates, and some regional agricultural environment pollutions are quite serious, agricultural environment pollution have become restriction agricultural and
The key factor of Sustainable Developmentof Rural Economy, wherein being had a far reaching influence especially with soil pollution.Soil pollution refers to enter in soil
Pollutant exceed the self-purification capacity of soil, and to the situation of soil, plant or environmental concerns.Soil pollutant is not
Be directly entered human body, jeopardize health, but affect indirectly health, the pollutant in soil can by grain, vegetables,
Fruit, milk, egg, meat etc. enter human body, trigger various diseases, are detrimental to health.Meanwhile, soil pollution directly affects soil life
The 26S Proteasome Structure and Function of state system, will constitute a threat to ecological safety.
1. China's agricultural soil pollution present situation
China's soil pollution overall situation is quite severe, and at least 1300~16,000,000 hm2 of whole nation arable lands are dirty by agricultural chemicals
Dye, accounts for more than the 10% of whole nation arable land, and sewage irrigation pollution 216.7 ten thousand hm2 of arable land, solid waste deposits occupation of land and ruins field
13.3 ten thousand hm2, every year because heavy metal pollution grain up to 12,000,000 tons every year caused by more than 20,000,000,000 yuan people of direct economic loss
People's coin.China's agricultural soil pollution is mainly manifested in fertilizer element accumulation, seriously polluted various heavy, agricultural chemicals and organic contamination
The aspects such as thing residual quantity height
2. the agricultural soil pollution origin cause of formation
The pollution sources caused harm to agricultural soil mainly have:The excess of fertilizer and pesticide is used with unreasonable, " industry three
It is useless " and the inappropriate discharge of domestic sewage in rural areas, the erosion of poisonous rainwater and aeresols and non-degradable plastics system in air
White pollution of product etc..Thereafter Tab phenolphthaleinum causes soil hardening, salinization of soil, nutrient loss, has a strong impact on agrological productivity, makes
Crop yield and quality decline.In addition, noxious material enters after people's food chain, harm is also brought to human body.
(1) pollution by pesticides
China is pesticide producing and uses big country, and the pesticide volume used every year reaches 50~600,000 tons, wherein there are about 80%
Agricultural chemicals be directly entered environment, the annual land area using agricultural chemicals is more than 2.8 hundred million hectares.Pesticide species have more than 120 kinds, greatly
Mostly organic agricultural chemicals.Field rotating medicine major part agricultural chemicals will be directed into soil environment.In addition, remains of pesticide and spray in air
The agricultural chemicals being attached on crop is spilt, will also be fallen into through rainwater elution in soil, sewage irrigation and rainwash are also to cause soil
The reason for pollution by pesticides.The average per hectare using in farmland agricultural chemicals 13.9kg of China, higher than developed country about 1 times, utilization rate is not enough
30%, cause soil pollution in wide area.
(2) chemical fertilizer is excessively applied
It is long-term to apply chemical fertilizer excessively and merely, it can deteriorate soil physical properties, be contaminated soil, change its former
There is purposes.Excessive nitrate, phosphate are accumulated in soil and flows into the waters such as river, lake with water, body eutrophication is caused.
(3) the unreasonable discharge of Industrial " three Waste " and domestic sewage in rural areas
Fertilizer efficiency of China's Farmland contamination area as caused by sewage irrigation up to compositions such as N, P, K in 216.7 ten thousand hm stain diseases
Though increasing crop yield can be made, directly quote raw sewerage irrigated farmland, cause heavy metal, inorganic salts, organic matter,
Accumulation of the pathogen in soil, causes soil toxicity to increase.Statistics display, China's Some City soil occurred Cd, Pb,
The heavy metal pollutions such as Hg, Cr, wherein Cd pollution are the most serious and universal.
3. the prophylactico-therapeutic measures of agricultural soil pollution
Remediation contaminated soil is a complicated long-term system engineering, needs emphasis to carry out the comprehensive regulation from the following aspect.
(1) agricultural chemicals, the improvement of pollution by chemical fertilizer
Peasants in Scientific fertilising consciousness is improved constantly, supervisory station is set in county of basic unit, license is carried out in the use to agriculture chemical
Card system.Rational application of fertilizers is such as promoted, i.e., according to the target output of crops and the test value of soil nutrient, determines dose, apply
Fertile species, fertilizing time etc., make soil nutrient supply be in optimum state；Deep placement earthing is taken volatile chemical fertilizer and timely
Irrigate；Meanwhile, the method taken the mixing of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer and be used alternatingly reduces the destruction and pollution to soil, safeguards
The natural, ecological of soil.It can mitigate the pollution of chemical pesticide pair again, it is necessary to actively to can effectively prevent and treat agricultural pest
Biological control method is promoted, agricultural pest and disease damage is prevented and treated using beneficial bird, beneficial insect and some pathogenic microorganisms.
(2) biological renovation method of soil pollution is promoted
Soil contaminant can be cleaned by biodegradable or plant absorption.Earthworm is that one kind can improve soil certainly
The animal of net energy power, the harmful substance such as municipal refuse and trade waste and agricultural chemicals, heavy metal can also be handled using it.By
This, earthworm is described as --- -- such as " ecological strong men " and " clarifier " by people and does not know everybody either with or without the present soil of discovery
In seldom find have earthworm.The microbial degradation microbial inoculum of pollution by pesticides is actively promoted the use of, to reduce persticide residue.
Depollution is removed using plant absorption：The soil of severe contamination can replant some unedible plants such as flowers, forest, fibre crops
Deng, can also plant some it is unedible absorb the strong plant of heavy metal abilities, such as pteridophyte spleen wort is to a soil huge sum of money
Category has stronger absorption ability of aggregation, and the absorptivity to cadmium can reach 10%, and continuous plantation then can effectively reduce soil for many years and contain
Cadmium amount.
(3) detergent power of soil itself is improved
The ecological agriculture, organic agriculture are greatly developed, soil environment itself is lifted and excite to the detergent power of pollutant.It is great
Raise application, rotation system, compost hazard-free processing of organic fertilizer and green manure in traditional agriculture etc..With biological gene engineering and
Natural enemy controlling disease be agricultural soil environmental protection an important directions, such as transgenic technology, in crop plus people's vaccine or
Antibody, can partly substitute the use of agricultural chemicals；The use of slow-release carbamide, can reduce the loss of nitrogenous fertilizer.What China developed at present
The microbial pesticides such as rhizobia fertilizer, phosphorus additives, B. mucilaginocus fertilizer, azotobacteria fertilizer and composite bacterial fertilizer, can exclusively kill target life
Thing, without making insect develop immunity to drugs noresidue, will not also be polluted to environment.
But, some defects are still suffered from the prior art, must such as dig, elute, stirring, backfilling working amount it is larger.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention：In order to overcome above-mentioned technological deficiency, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of new fast quick-recovery agriculture
The method of woods continuous cropping soil soil fertility, this method effectively breaks soil hardening, promotes to remain in the formation of crumb structure, degraded soil
Chemical fertilizer, organic agricultural chemicals and other pollutants, fundamentally solve the problem of soil productivity is poor.
Technical scheme：In order to realize foregoing invention purpose, the fast quick-recovery of complex microorganism is utilized the invention discloses one kind
The method of agricultural continuous cropping soil soil fertility, comprises the following steps：
(1) culture of agricultural active water：Clear water is injected into tub with cover of catchmenting, input nutrient source starts to inflate；Add multiple
Microorganism is closed, bung is covered after stirring, starts continuously to inflate one week；Continuously inflate after Man Yizhou, be changed to batch (-type) and inflate, interval
After formula is inflated completely two weeks, agricultural active water is that culture is completed；
(2) administration of agricultural active water：Cultured part agricultural active water is diluted 20~30 times, before planting to soil
Earth is applied 2~4 times；
(3) maintained after planting：Agricultural active water is applied according to not kindred plant after plantation, coordinates base manure and administration of topdressing.
It is preferred that, the complex microorganism includes nitrogen fixation flora, nitric acid flora, Soluble phosphorus flora, aspergillus group, yeast flora, breast
Sour flora, light compositing flora, actinomycete group and growth flora.The complex microorganism is derived from deep soil, with more preferable environment
Adaptive faculty, it is functional in the range of 0~60 DEG C, and the microbial survival that remains unchanged when -20 DEG C, imitate with good hyperplasia
Fruit and effect.Finally, reproduction speed of the microorganism in soil be 3 days 1 times.
Wherein：
Nitrogen fixation flora (Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria Series)：Fixed nature nitrogen molecular is nitrogen source, manufacture
Fertile part.
Nitric acid flora (Nitrifying Bacteria Series)：Change poisonous ammonia for nitric nitrogen, inhaled for plant
Receive.
Soluble phosphorus flora (Phosphoric acid Releasing Series)：Soil insoluble phosphate is untied, is switched to
Phosphorus, iron, calcareous fertilisers.
Aspergillus group (Aspergillus Series)：For Polysaccharides emplastic, adsorbing heavy metal ions and it is decomposed into
Single candy.
Yeast flora (Yeast group Series)：Vitamin, auxogen, decomposing organic matter are manufactured, increase is anti-
Sick power.
Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus Series)：Organic acid is secreted, plant disease-resistant power is improved.
Light compositing flora (Photosynthetic Bacteria Series)：Glucose is manufactured, carotenoid is secreted.
Removal of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia (fertilizer is made in removing toxic substances) etc. have the generation of Ai materials.
Actinomycete group (Actinomyces Series)：The long-term quantitative antibiotics of secretion, suppresses disease.
Grow flora (Growth Factors Producing Bacteria Series)：The long-term quantitative plant life of secretion
Long hormone, promotes root, stem, leaf to grow vigorously.
It is preferred that, the Natural Water such as clear water river, rainwater or well water in the step (1), if running water is, it is necessary to inflate 24 small
Shi Houzai puts into complex microorganism.
It is preferred that, batch (-type) is inflated in the step (1) inflates to inflate the batch (-type) taken a day off for one day.
It is preferred that, the addition of complex microorganism active water is in the step (1)：Add after complex microorganism, initial stage lives
Property water clump count be every milliliter 1.9~2.1 hundred million.
It is preferred that, nutrient source is that (agricultural production processed goods is residual for commercially available organic fertilizer or self-control maturation organic fertilizer in the step (1)
Slag, crop residues, family's feces of livestock and poultry etc. all can).
It is preferred that, the agricultural active water in the step (2) after 20~30 times of dilution, every liter can be applied to 1 square centimeter
Area soil.
The present invention is all kinds of floras using complex microbial community to that will be refined after the organic matter decomposition in soil, physics and chemistry
The root of nutrient supply plant, while relaxation soil, which is easy to plant root to stretch, promotes the speed of growth.
Agricultural active water is applied according to not kindred plant after step (3) plantation in the inventive method, see, for example under：
| Project | Base manure multiple | Topdress and use | Foliage spray |
| Extension rate | 30 times | 100 times | 100 times |
| Leaf vegetables | 1 time/1 phase | 1 time/1 phase | |
| Melon and fruit class | 1 time/1 phase | 3~4 times/1 phase | |
| Fruit tree kind | 1 time/1 phase | 3~4 times/1 phase | 2 times/1 phase |
| Paddy rice | 1 time/1 phase | 3~4 times/1 phase |
Technique effect：Relative to prior art, the inventive method has following technical advantage：
1st, present invention considerably reduces the usage amount of fertilizer, the input cost of planting household is reduced；
2nd, the present invention fundamentally recovers what is remained in ecological environment of soil, degraded soil using the mode of natural nuisance-free
The organic pollutions such as chemical fertilizer, organic agricultural chemicals, effectively break soil hardening, promote crumb structure to be formed, and activating soil is organic and nothing
Machine nutrient, recovers soil productivity；
3rd, the present invention can effectively improve soil organic matter content, the yield of increase kind plant.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1：
(1) culture of agricultural active water：There is lid to catchment in tub, be equipped with and inflate equipment, clear water is injected after tub,
Input nutrient source starts to inflate；Complex microorganism is added, clump count in active water is reached every milliliter 1.9~2.1 hundred million, moderately stirs
Bung is covered after mixing, starts continuously to inflate one week；It is continuous to inflate after Man Yizhou, it is changed to inflate the batch (-type) taken a day off for one day and beats
Gas, after batch (-type) is inflated completely two weeks, agricultural active water is that culture is completed.
(2) administration of agricultural active water：Cultured part agricultural active water is diluted 20~30 times, before planting to soil
Earth is applied 2~4 times, and every liter can correspond to 1 square centimeter of area after dilution.
(3) maintained after planting：Agricultural active water is applied according to not kindred plant after plantation, coordinates base manure and administration of topdressing,
It can reduce by 30~50% Fertilizer application amount.
The complex microorganism includes nitrogen fixation flora, nitric acid flora, Soluble phosphorus flora, aspergillus group, yeast flora, lactic acid bacteria
Group, light compositing flora, actinomycete group and growth flora.
The Natural Water such as clear water river, rainwater or well water in the step (1)；Nutrient source is commercially available organic fertilizer or made by oneself ripe
Into organic fertilizer (agricultural production processed goods residue, crop residues, family's feces of livestock and poultry etc. all can).
| Project | Base manure multiple | Topdress and use | Foliage spray |
| Extension rate | 30 times | 100 times | 100 times |
| Leaf vegetables | 1 time/1 phase | 1 time/1 phase | |
| Melon and fruit class | 1 time/1 phase | 3~4 times/1 phase | |
| Fruit tree kind | 1 time/1 phase | 3~4 times/1 phase | 2 times/1 phase |
| Paddy rice | 1 time/1 phase | 3~4 times/1 phase |
Embodiment 2：
It is identical with the method for embodiment 1, cucumber then is planted with the method, the per mu yield of cucumber is finally investigated.
Embodiment 3：
It is identical with the method for embodiment 1, apple tree then is planted with the method, the per mu yield of apple is finally investigated.
As a result investigate：
In addition, planting green vegetables using the method for above-described embodiment 1, it is ultimately relative to be not used the general planting of the inventive method
The yield of green vegetables, cucumber and apple, is respectively increased 42.1%, 39.8% and obtained by method, the embodiment of the present invention 1,2 and 3 methods
34.6%.
In order to verify the feasibility of the inventive method, (case of implementation) technical method of the invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific
The limitation of embodiment, the technology deformation that every technique according to the invention method is made, each fall within protection scope of the present invention it
It is interior.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method of the fast quick-recovery agricultural continuous cropping soil soil fertility of utilization complex microorganism, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
(1) culture of agricultural active water：Clear water is injected into tub with cover of catchmenting, input nutrient source starts to inflate；Add compound micro-
Bung is covered after biology, stirring, starts continuously to inflate one week；Continuously inflate after Man Yizhou, be changed to batch (-type) and inflate, batch (-type) is beaten
After gas is full two weeks, agricultural active water is that culture is completed；
(2) administration of agricultural active water：Cultured part agricultural active water is diluted 20~30 times, soil applied before planting
With 2~4 times；
(3) maintained after planting：Agricultural active water is applied according to not kindred plant after plantation, coordinates base manure and administration of topdressing.
2. the method for the fast quick-recovery agricultural continuous cropping soil soil fertility of utilization complex microorganism according to claim 1, its feature
It is, the complex microorganism includes nitrogen fixation flora, nitric acid flora, Soluble phosphorus flora, aspergillus group, yeast flora, lactobacillus, light
Synthesize flora, actinomycete group and growth flora.
3. the method for the fast quick-recovery agricultural continuous cropping soil soil fertility of utilization complex microorganism according to claim 1, its feature
Be, clear water river, rainwater or well water in the step (1), if running water, it is necessary to inflate 24 hours after put into again it is compound micro-
It is biological.
4. the method for the fast quick-recovery agricultural continuous cropping soil soil fertility of utilization complex microorganism according to claim 1, its feature
It is, batch (-type) is inflated in the step (1) inflates to inflate the batch (-type) taken a day off for one day.
5. the method for the fast quick-recovery agricultural continuous cropping soil soil fertility of utilization complex microorganism according to claim 1, its feature
It is, the addition of complex microorganism is in the step (1)：Add after complex microorganism, the clump count of initial activity water is
Every milliliter 1.9~2.1 hundred million.
6. the method for the fast quick-recovery agricultural continuous cropping soil soil fertility of utilization complex microorganism according to claim 1, its feature
It is, nutrient source is commercially available organic fertilizer or self-control maturation organic fertilizer in the step (1).
7. the method for the fast quick-recovery agricultural continuous cropping soil soil fertility of utilization complex microorganism according to claim 1, its feature
It is, the agricultural active water in the step (2) after 20~30 times of dilution, every liter can be applied to 1 square centimeter of area soil.
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Cited By (2)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111789009A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-10-20 | 西北农林科技大学 | Fertilizing method for relieving bletilla striata continuous cropping obstacles |
| CN111788999A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-10-20 | 西北农林科技大学 | Fertilizing method for relieving continuous cropping obstacle of scutellaria baicalensis |
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| CN111788999A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-10-20 | 西北农林科技大学 | Fertilizing method for relieving continuous cropping obstacle of scutellaria baicalensis |
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Application publication date: 20170915 |