CN104012353A - Comprehensive fertilization technology for cultivating high-yield and high-quality super hybrid rice and repairing and improving farmlands contaminated by heavy metal - Google Patents
Comprehensive fertilization technology for cultivating high-yield and high-quality super hybrid rice and repairing and improving farmlands contaminated by heavy metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN104012353A CN104012353A CN201410185904.6A CN201410185904A CN104012353A CN 104012353 A CN104012353 A CN 104012353A CN 201410185904 A CN201410185904 A CN 201410185904A CN 104012353 A CN104012353 A CN 104012353A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive fertilization technology for cultivating high-yield and high-quality super hybrid rice and repairing and improving farmlands contaminated by heavy metal. The comprehensive fertilization technology mainly includes the steps of taking and mixing bacillus thuringiensis, brevibacillus laterosporus, azotobacter chroococcum, bacillus cereus, bacillus megatherium and bacillus mucilaginosus after germination accelerating is conducted on super hybrid rice seeds and the super hybrid rice seeds are revealed, mixing the mixture with humic acid to form mixed fertilizer, and then conducting seed dressing on the mixed fertilizer and the super hybrid rice seeds. The technology has an obvious improving and repairing effect on soil contaminated by heavy metal; meanwhile, the disease-resistant capacity and the lodging-resistant capacity of the super hybrid rice are remarkably improved; production and income are increased, the heavy metal content in the rice is remarkably decreased, quality is improved, and multiple purposes are achieved at a time. The technology is simple, practical, easy to operate and remarkable in social benefit and economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to soil melioration field and arviculture field, be specifically related to a kind of super hybridized rice high yield and quality cultivation and heavy metals in farmland and pollute the comprehensive fertilizer practice of reparation improvement.
Background technology
Heavy metal pollution of soil has the feature of disguise, chronicity and irreversibility.In soil, harmful heavy metal runs up to a certain degree, not only can cause soil degradation, crop yield and quality decline, but also can pass through runoff, leaching loss effect polluted surface water and underground water, worsen hydrological environment, and direct poisonous plant or be detrimental to health by food chain approach.At present, following several method is mainly used in China farmland and heavy metal in soil soil pollution reparation:
1, the most general chemical technology means are to spread fertilizer over the fields lime, and every mu need be a kind of inorganic compound burning till with limestone with 50-75kg. lime, cracked after chance water, become slaked lime, and emit a large amount of heat; There are burn human body skin and eyes cornea even to cause the blind danger of eyes; And may bring out social destabilizing factor generation.Farmland is used after lime; Bring crushing harm to all aquatiles that comprise the beneficial insects such as frog, the micro-validity that excessive liming can cause in soil declines and kills the microorganisms such as useful active bacterium, causing soil pH to jump increases, cause soil calcium, magnesium is unbalance, reduce the absorption of crop to potassium, phosphorus, spoiled soil structure, causes soil compaction, to environment, brings secondary to destroy.
2, the plant restoration method of heavy metal pollution of soil, the method for the plant removal heavy metals such as dependence plantation Thymifoious Euphorbia Herb, ramie, bluish dogbane, tobacco, sugar grass, black nightshade, deep bacterium, complex procedures, hand labor power wage cost is high; Reparation required time length delays the cultivation of super hybridization rice (crop), and economic cost is huge, does not possess operability in agricultural land soil recovery project.
3, gongwu method, elution method, electrodynamics method, earthworm method is because operation is loaded down with trivial details, the strange high operability that do not possess in Farmland Soil Pollution reparation of cost.
Summary of the invention
For conventional farmland heavy metal pollution, repair that improving technology labour intensity is large, cost is high, it is slow to take effect, limitation that bring secondary to destroy to environment, the present invention aims to provide and a kind ofly combines with super hybridized rice (crop) high-yield culture technique; Both soil pollution by heavy metal was had to obvious improvement repairing effect; Significantly improve disease-resistant, the lodging tolerance of super hybridization rice (crop) simultaneously; Increasing both production and income, significantly reduce content of beary metal in rice (crop), improve quality; Achieve many things at one stroke; Simple and practical easy-operating super hybridized rice high yield and quality cultivation and heavy metals in farmland are polluted and are repaired the comprehensive fertilizer practice of improvement; Social benefit and economic benefit is remarkable.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Super Hybrid rice culture and heavy metals in farmland are polluted a comprehensive fertilizing method of repairing improvement, comprise the following steps:
Super Hybrid rice is after vernalization powder mouth; Get after Su Jin cloud bacillus, Brevibacillus laterosporus, bacillus cereus, azotobacter chroococcum, colloid bacillus cereus mixing, then form and mix fertilizer after evenly mixing with 1:9 ratio with humus; To mix afterwards fertilizer dresses seed according to 1:10 ratio with Super Hybrid rice.
Further, this method is further comprising the steps of:
Before super hybridized rice is transplanted, every mu is used humus 4kg, adds colloid bacillus cereus, azotobacter chroococcum, bacillus megaterium, lichens gemma bar, Su Jin cloud bacillus 1kg altogether; Fully ferment, stir, make base fertilizer with N-P-K content 45% composite fertilizer 35kg and mix and spread fertilizer over the fields.
Further, this method is further comprising the steps of:
Super hybridized rice was transplanted after 3-5 days, and every mu with ammonium chloride 9kg or urea 8kg, added colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, azotobacter chroococcum, Su Jin cloud bacillus 1kg altogether; Stir, topdress and spread fertilizer over the fields.
Further, this method is further comprising the steps of:
Before super hybridized rice cut and Qi Suihou with 45 grams every mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate add waxy Bacillus, Brevibacillus laterosporus, bacillus megaterium azotobacter chroococcum totally 5 grams mix, be watered 30kg and do foliar application and spray twice.
Preferably, this method is further comprising the steps of:
During super hybridized rice dry field rehydration, every mu is used potassium chloride 20kg to topdress.
The present invention both had obvious improvement repairing effect to soil pollution by heavy metal; Significantly improve disease-resistant, the lodging tolerance of super hybridization rice (crop) simultaneously; Increasing both production and income, significantly reduce content of beary metal in rice (crop), improve quality; Achieve many things at one stroke; Simple and practical easy to operate; Social benefit and economic benefit is remarkable.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, further illustrate technical scheme of the present invention:
A, super hybridization rice (crop) seed are after vernalization powder mouth; With the complex microorganism bacterial classifications such as humus 45 Ke Jiasujin cloud bacillus, Brevibacillus laterosporus, bacillus subtilis, azotobacter chroococcum, bacillus cereus, bacillus megaterium, colloid bacillus cereus totally 5 grams mix; According to 1:50 ratio and the seed dressing of bud paddy.The microorganisms such as above-mentioned bacillus Fast-propagation in humus, mixes thoroughly and is sown into seedbed with bud paddy, form micro-ecological environment around, and breeding forms microbial population in bud paddy.Substrate urea and the carbonic acid in water that the urase that bacteria metabolism produces activates farmland fertilization produce carbanion, by the outer complexing of born of the same parents, the outer precipitation of born of the same parents and three kinds of modes of action of intracellular accumulation, consolidating heavy metal ion, make heavy metal ion active in soil change carbonate mine states of matter into, reduce its danger, change its toxicity, form the effective removing toxic substances mechanism of mentioned microorganism to heavy metal; Available heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Hg) clearance reaches 50%～70%.Humus seed dressing promotes seed sprouting, improves emergence rate and planting percent.Crop root is grown and had special facilitation, impel seedling root of hair fast, secondary root is many, and root amount increases, and root elongation increases the ability of Crop moisture content and nutrient.The aspects such as seedling growth is vigorous, plant height, bar are strong, show particularly evident in early stage.By plant root, absorb, the physiological metabolism of plant cell is acted as a spur, show the increase of respiratory intensity, intensity of photosynthesis, seedling is strengthened in favourable cultivation.
Through said method test, draw:
| Detected object | Untreated | Process 1 | Process 2 | Process 3 |
| Cd | 19.5mg/kg | 5.85mg/kg | 9.5mg/kg | 8.5mg/kg |
| Pb | 23.6mg/kg | 12.6mg/kg | 7mg/kg | 10mg/kg |
| Hg | 2mg/kg | 1mg/kg | 0.6mg/kg | 0.8mg/kg |
| Planting percent | 85％ | 92％ | 95％ | 90％ |
| Radical | 12/strain | 17/strain | 18/strain | 16/strain |
Illustrate: detected object is the super hybridization rice rice shoot plant of processing on soil and untreated soil for being grown in, detection period enters land for growing field crops the previous day for transplanting (rice transplanting).
Before B, super hybridization rice (crop) transplant, every mu is used humus 4kg, add colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus licheniformis, Su Jin cloud bacillus, etc. composite biological inoculum 1kg altogether; Fully fermentation; Stir.Making base fertilizer with N-P-K content 45% composite fertilizer 35kg mixes and spreads fertilizer over the fields.; The microorganisms such as above-mentioned bacillus Fast-propagation in humus, spreads fertilizer over the fields and further in soil, doubles breeding behind field; The substrate urea that the urase that bacteria metabolism produces activates farmland fertilization produces carbanion, by the outer complexing of born of the same parents, the outer precipitation of born of the same parents and three kinds of modes of action of intracellular accumulation, consolidating heavy metal ion, make heavy metal ion active in soil change carbonate mine states of matter into, reduce its danger, change its toxicity, form the effective removing toxic substances mechanism of mentioned microorganism to heavy metal; Available heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Cu) clearance reaches 45%～65%.And significantly promote early raw, many Sheng Xingen of super hybridization rice (crop), improve the availability of the various nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.
Through said method test, draw:
| Detected object | Untreated | Process 1 | Process 2 | Process 3 |
| Cd | 18.5mg/kg | 9.2mg/kg | 5.5mg/kg | 8mg/kg |
| Pb | 25mg/kg | 12.5mg/kg | 7.5mg/kg | 10mg/kg |
| Cu | 23.5mg/kg | 12mg/kg | 7mg/kg | 9mg/kg |
| Number of productive ear | 10/strain | 14/strain | 14/strain | 15/strain |
Illustrate: detected object is the super hybridization rice plant in seedling stage of processing on soil and untreated soil for being grown in; Before rice shoot sowing used, bud paddy is without Dressing.Detection period is for tillering the Sheng phase.
C, super hybridization rice (crop) were transplanted after 3-5 days; Use ammonium chloride 9kg for every mu, or urea 8kg adds the biological inoculums such as colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus licheniformis, Su Jin cloud bacillus 1kg altogether; Stir, can topdress and spread fertilizer over the fields.The same B of the microorganism fungus kind mechanism of action.
Through said method test, draw:
| Detected object | Untreated | Process 1 | Process 2 | Process 3 |
| Cd | 18mg/kg | 8.9mg/kg | 5.5mg/kg | 7mg/kg |
| Pb | 25.5mg/kg | 12.5mg/kg | 10mg/kg | 7.5mg/kg |
| Cu | 22.5mg/kg | 11mg/kg | 15mg/kg | 13.5mg/kg |
| Number of productive ear | 13/strain | 15/strain | 14/strain | 15/strain |
Illustrate: detected object is the super hybridization rice plant in seedling stage of processing on soil and untreated soil for being grown in; Before rice shoot sowing used, bud paddy is without Dressing, and field-transplanting (rice transplanting) is front unprocessed.This processes used topdressing as ammonium chloride.Urea treatment effect is similar.Detection period is for tillering the Sheng phase.
When D, super hybridization rice dry field rehydration, every mu is used potassium chloride 15kg to topdress
Before E, super hybridization rice (crop) cut and for Qi Suihou 45 grams every mu of potassium fulvate (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) add the microorganism fungus kinds such as waxy Bacillus, Brevibacillus laterosporus, bacillus megaterium totally 5 grams mix; Be watered 30kg and do twice of foliar application spraying.The field planting in plant corpus of the microbes such as above-mentioned bacillus, breeding, shift, produce population advantage, there is a series of physiological action and Ecology Action, in super hybridization rice (crop) plant body, form a micro-ecological environment, the urase that bacteria metabolism produces activates contained carbanion in plant body fluid, by the outer complexing of born of the same parents, the outer precipitation of born of the same parents and three kinds of modes of action of intracellular accumulation, consolidating heavy metal ion, in plant, active heavy metal ion changes carbonate mine states of matter into, reduce its danger, change its toxicity, form the effective removing toxic substances mechanism of mentioned microorganism to heavy metal, available heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Cu) clearance reaches 40%～60%.Formation is to the last barrier of heavy metal ion; Effectively stop heavy metal ion to be conducted to super hybridization rice (crop) fruit.Potassium fulvate improves leaf photosynthesis efficiency; Effectively increase ripening rate and thousand kernel weight, jointly promote super hybridization rice (crop) growth, strong sprout, disease-resistant, volume increase.
Through said method test, draw:
| Detected object | Untreated | Process 1 | Process 2 | Process 3 |
| Cd | 3mg/kg | 1.2mg/kg | 1.5mg/kg | 1.8mg/kg |
| Pb | 2mg/kg | 0.8mg/kg | 1.2mg/kg | 1mg/kg |
| Cu | 1.5mg/kg | 0.6mg/kg | 0.9mg/kg | 1.2mg/kg |
| Ripening rate | 75％ | 89％ | 90％ | 90％ |
| Thousand kernel weight | 27g | 29g | 30g | 29g |
Illustrate: detected object is for the oven dry grain after super hybridization rice results; Before plant cut, do not do any processing.
Super hybridization rice through above-mentioned Dressing, land for growing field crops base fertilizer process, processings topdressed in land for growing field crops, foliage fertilizer processing; All show obvious repairing effect; But be all the result of processing separately.In order finally to find a kind of simple, economic, pattern of super hybridization rice heavy-metal contaminated soil reparation efficiently, again to carrying out foliage-spray experiment E2 after A, B, C, D experiment; To carrying out foliage-spray experiment E3 after A, B, C experiment; To carrying out foliage-spray experiment E4 after A, B, D experiment; And respectively to the grain-drying after results, finally detect each heavy metal situation up to standard in dry matter.
E2 testing result:
| Detected object | E processes contrast | E2 processes 1 | E2 processes 2 | E2 processes 3 |
| Cd | 1.2mg/kg | 0.2mg/kg | 0.25mg/kg | 0.23mg/kg |
| Pb | 0.8mg/kg | 0.15mg/kg | 0.2mg/kg | 0.2mg/kg |
| Cu | 0.6mg/kg | 0.15mg/kg | 0.2mg/kg | 0.25mg/kg |
| Ripening rate | 89％ | 92％ | 90％ | 90％ |
| Thousand kernel weight | 29g | 29g | 30g | 29g |
E3 testing result:
| Detected object | E processes contrast | E3 processes 1 | E3 processes 2 | E3 processes 3 |
| Cd | 1.2mg/kg | 0.2mg/kg | 0.23mg/kg | 0.27mg/kg |
| Pb | 0.8mg/kg | 0.18mg/kg | 0.2mg/kg | 0.25mg/kg |
| Cu | 0.6mg/kg | 0.2mg/kg | 0.25mg/kg | 0.2mg/kg |
| Ripening rate | 89％ | 92％ | 90％ | 90％ |
| Thousand kernel weight | 29g | 29g | 30g | 30g |
E4 testing result:
| Detected object | E processes contrast | E4 processes 1 | E4 processes 2 | E4 processes 3 |
| Cd | 1.2mg/kg | 0.25mg/kg | 0.3mg/kg | 0.5mg/kg |
| Pb | 0.8mg/kg | 0.45mg/kg | 0.25mg/kg | 0.25mg/kg |
| Cu | 0.6mg/kg | 0.35mg/kg | 0.4mg/kg | 0.3mg/kg |
| Ripening rate | 89％ | 92％ | 91％ | 92％ |
| Thousand kernel weight | 29g | 29g | 30g | 30g |
Sum up: through E2, E3, E4, process with E and process contrast; E2, E3, E4 experimental result approach; Experimental results show that: in super hybridization rice high-yield culturing and the comprehensive fertilizer practice practice of heavy-metal contaminated soil reparation; With complex microorganism bacterial classification and humus Dressing; Doing land for growing field crops base fertilizer processing and foliage fertilizer and process, in conjunction with the large key element fertilizer practice of nitrogen phosphorus potassium three, is a kind of simple, economic, efficient high yield and high quality removal heavy metal production new model.
In sum, technical solution of the present invention has following beneficial effect:
One, by technical solution of the present invention seed dressing, there is the crop of promotion to emerge and the growth of tillering, can improve each major organs dry-matter accumulation amount.In the situation that minimizing fertilizer amount is used bio-bacterial manure Dressing simultaneously, using chemical fertilizer with routine compares, yield and quality is all higher than the latter, and can improve seeding stage soil environment, as enriches edaphon colony, fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing, chesson, improve mass of soil kernel structure, effectively reduce and reduce content of beary metal in super hybridization rice (crop) stem in seedling stage, stalk, leaf.Environmentally friendly; Without secondary, destroy.
Two, by technical solution of the present invention, make base fertilizer; 1. suppress breeding and the invasion and attack to plant root of pathogen in soil, reduce plant soil-borne diseases, the outburst of prevention various pests; 2. improve bud ratio and the survival rate of seedlings of seed, the hereditary disease of prevention seed self, improves crop survival rate, promotes root growth; 3. improve soil aggregate, improvement soil, improves soil water storage, accumulation of energy and ground temperature, alleviates continuous cropping obstacle; 4. suppress the breeding of growing of harmful bacteria in growing environment, reduce and prevent the generation of various mushroom diseases; 5. impel the organic matter decomposition in soil to become humus, fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing, improves soil fertility greatly; Effectively reducing and reduce in super hybridization rice (crop) stem in seedling stage, stalk, leaf content of beary metal 6., to significantly improve crops cold-resistant, and drought resisting is disease-resistant, lodging tolerance; Promote plant growth, maturation, reduces costs, increases output, improves income.Environmentally friendly; Without secondary, destroy.
Three, by technical solution of the present invention 1. breeding and the invasion and attack to plant root that can suppress pathogen in soil of topdressing, reduce plant soil-borne diseases, the outburst of prevention various pests; 2. promote root growth, improve soil aggregate, improvement soil, improves soil water storage, accumulation of energy and ground temperature; 3. suppress the breeding of growing of harmful bacteria in growing environment, reduce and prevent the generation of various mushroom diseases; 4. impel the organic matter decomposition in soil to become humus, fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing, improves soil fertility greatly; Obviously reduce and reduce content of beary metal 6. in super hybridization rice (crop) later stage stem, stalk, leaf and promote plant growth, drought resisting, cold-resistant anti-adversity ability strengthen, and significantly improve crops cold-resistant, and drought resisting is disease-resistant, lodging tolerance; Premature ripening, reduces costs, increases output, improves quality.Environmentally friendly; Without secondary, destroy.
Four, by technical solution of the present invention, do foliage fertilizer use and can effectively suppress growing of part harmful bacteria, can improve fertilizer efficiency, fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing, significantly improves crops cold-resistant, and drought resisting is disease-resistant, lodging tolerance; Increase thousand kernel weight; Improve ripening rate; Improve quality; Premature ripening, obviously reduces and reduces content of beary metal in super hybridization rice (crop) fringe grain (fruit), environmentally friendly; Without secondary, destroy.
More than that the present invention has been carried out to exemplary description; obvious realization of the present invention is not subject to the restrictions described above; as long as the various improvement that adopted technical solution of the present invention to carry out; or without improving, design of the present invention and technical scheme are directly applied to other occasion, all in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. Super Hybrid rice culture and heavy metals in farmland are polluted a comprehensive fertilizing method of repairing improvement, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Super Hybrid rice is after vernalization powder mouth; Get after Su Jin cloud bacillus, Brevibacillus laterosporus, azotobacter chroococcum, bacillus cereus, bacillus megaterium, colloid bacillus cereus mixing, then form and mix fertilizer after evenly mixing with 1:9 ratio with humus; To mix afterwards fertilizer dresses seed according to 1:100 ratio with Super Hybrid rice.
2. a kind of Super Hybrid rice culture according to claim 1 and heavy metals in farmland are polluted the comprehensive fertilizing method of repairing improvement, it is characterized in that, further comprising the steps of:
Before super hybridized rice is transplanted, every mu is used humus 4kg, adds colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, azotobacter chroococcum, Su Jin cloud bacillus 1kg altogether; Fully ferment, stir, make base fertilizer with N-P-K content 45% composite fertilizer 35kg and mix and spread fertilizer over the fields.
3. a kind of Super Hybrid rice culture according to claim 2 and heavy metals in farmland are polluted the comprehensive fertilizing method of repairing improvement, it is characterized in that, further comprising the steps of:
Super hybridized rice was transplanted after 3-5 days, and every mu with ammonium chloride 9kg or urea 8kg, added colloid bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, azotobacter chroococcum, Su Jin cloud bacillus 1kg altogether; Stir, topdress and spread fertilizer over the fields.
4. according to a kind of Super Hybrid rice culture described in claim 1-3 any one and heavy metals in farmland, pollute the comprehensive fertilizing method of repairing improvement, it is characterized in that, further comprising the steps of:
Before super hybridized rice cut and Qi Suihou with 45 grams every mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate add waxy Bacillus, Brevibacillus laterosporus, azotobacter chroococcum, bacillus megaterium totally 5 grams mix, be watered 30kg and do foliar application and spray twice.
5. a kind of Super Hybrid rice culture according to claim 4 and heavy metals in farmland are polluted the comprehensive fertilizing method of repairing improvement, it is characterized in that, further comprising the steps of:
During super hybridized rice dry field rehydration, every mu is used potassium chloride 20kg to topdress.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN105665440A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-06-15 | 西南科技大学 | Method for joint administration of strontium ion pollution through montmorillonite-urea decomposer |
| CN107135702A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2017-09-08 | 辽宁大学 | A kind of method that rye grass is cultivated on lead polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution |
| CN109479428A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-03-19 | 湖南袁禾农业科技有限公司 | Rice soil improves restorative procedure |
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| CN107135702A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2017-09-08 | 辽宁大学 | A kind of method that rye grass is cultivated on lead polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution |
| CN109479428A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-03-19 | 湖南袁禾农业科技有限公司 | Rice soil improves restorative procedure |
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