CN107152327B - 排气设备、特别是用于车辆内燃机的排气设备 - Google Patents

排气设备、特别是用于车辆内燃机的排气设备 Download PDF

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CN107152327B
CN107152327B CN201710088639.3A CN201710088639A CN107152327B CN 107152327 B CN107152327 B CN 107152327B CN 201710088639 A CN201710088639 A CN 201710088639A CN 107152327 B CN107152327 B CN 107152327B
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reactant
exhaust
arrangement system
exhaust equipment
heating
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CN107152327A (zh
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E·库尔佩约维克
B·韦斯特霍夫
D·宾德尔
A·比尔克勒
G·法伊尔-纳赖恩
S·格拉泽
R·哈斯
O·塞梅诺夫
K·K·韦姆帕蒂
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Prim Co.,Ltd.
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Eberspaecher Exhaust Technology GmbH and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0027—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
    • B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/16—Selection of particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/0205—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/141—Conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitrous compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/44—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor arranged within rods or tubes of insulating material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
    • B01D2251/2067—Urea
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2279/00—Filters adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours specially modified for specific uses
    • B01D2279/30—Filters adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours specially modified for specific uses for treatment of exhaust gases from IC Engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
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    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2260/00—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2530/00—Selection of materials for tubes, chambers or housings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
    • F01N2610/102—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance after addition to exhaust gases, e.g. by a passively or actively heated surface in the exhaust conduit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
    • F01N2610/107—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance using glow plug heating elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
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    • H05B2214/03—Heating of hydrocarbons
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种排气设备、特别是用于车辆内燃机的排气设备，该排气设备包括‑排气引导通道(14)，‑反应剂喷射布置系统(20)，用于将反应剂(R)喷射到在所述排气引导通道(14)中流动的排气(A)中，‑在所述反应剂喷射布置系统(20)下游的混合器布置系统(22)，用于辅助支持通过所述反应剂喷射布置系统(20)喷射的反应剂(R)与在所述排气引导通道(14)中流动的排气(A)的混匀，‑在所述反应剂喷射布置系统(20)下游且在所述混合器布置系统(22)上游的反应剂加热布置系统(24)，该反应剂加热布置系统在所述排气引导通道(14)中延伸并且能由在其中流动的排气(A)和通过所述反应剂喷射布置系统(20)喷射的反应剂(R)环流。

Description

排气设备、特别是用于车辆内燃机的排气设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种排气设备，通过所述排气设备，例如在车辆内燃机中产生的排气可以向环境释放。
背景技术
DE 10 2014 117 048 A1公开一种排气设备，其中，为了降低排气中的氮氧化物份额而喷射反应剂、例如尿素/水溶液。为了获得反应剂与排气的较好的混匀，以喷雾形式喷射的反应剂喷射到能电激励的加热元件上。所述能电激励的加热元件辅助支持反应剂蒸发。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，设置一种排气设备、特别是用于车辆内燃机的排气设备，所述排气设备提供喷射到排气引导通道中的反应剂与在排气引导通道中流动的排气的改进的混合。
按照本发明，该任务通过一种排气设备、特别是用于车辆内燃机的排气设备得以解决，所述排气设备包括
-排气引导通道，
-反应剂喷射布置系统，用于将反应剂喷射到在所述排气引导通道中流动的排气中，
-在所述反应剂喷射布置系统下游的混合器布置系统，用于辅助支持通过所述反应剂喷射布置系统喷射的反应剂与在所述排气引导通道中流动的排气的混匀，
-在所述反应剂喷射布置系统下游且在所述混合器布置系统上游的反应剂加热布置系统，所述反应剂加热布置系统在所述排气引导通道中延伸并且能由在其中流动的排气和通过所述反应剂喷射布置系统喷射的反应剂环流。
本发明将通过设置在排气引导通道中的反应剂加热布置系统对反应剂蒸发的辅助支持的方面与在下游通过混合器布置系统产生的增强的涡流进行组合。
为了能够有效地利用按照本发明在混合器布置系统上游设置的反应剂加热布置系统，提出：所述反应剂加热布置系统在由在反应剂喷射系统中构成的反应剂喷射锥体包围的体积范围中延伸。在这里要强调的是，原则上从如下事实出发，即，基于在排气引导通道中流动的排气，从反应剂喷射布置系统中释放的反应剂不以精确的几何锥体的形状展开。在本发明的意义中，从反应剂喷射布置系统释放的反应剂至少绝大部分释放到其中的体积范围视为反应剂喷射锥体或包围该反应剂喷射锥体的体积范围。
所述反应剂加热布置系统可以包括能通过电激励升温的且能由排气和反应剂环流的至少一个加热元件、优选热导体元件。通常这样的热导体元件基于其欧姆电阻变热。在此，不言而喻这样的热导体元件可以由电绝缘的材料包围，以便避免电短路。
优选这样的热导体元件可以构成闭合的热导体回环(Heizleiter-schleife)，从而可以提供相对大的热相互作用长度。
在一种备选的结构上的构造方案中可以规定：至少一个热导体元件带状地构造并且具有基本上平行于排气流方向的带表面。在这里要指出的是，带状在本发明的意义中意味着，如此构造的热导体元件横向于其纵向尺寸基本上扁平地且宽向延伸地(breitgestreckt)构造，从而如此构造的热导体元件的表面的主要份额通过其两个宽侧提供。
为了能够提高反应剂加热布置系统的效率，提出：多个带状构造的热导体元件沿排气流方向相继地设置。
此外，增大用于热相互作用的表面可以通过如下方式提供，即，至少一个热导体元件至少局部波纹状地蜿蜒。
在一种备选构造型式中，所述反应剂加热布置系统可以包括能通过电激励升温的至少一个加热元件和与所述加热元件处于传热连接中的基本上板状的至少一个传热元件。在该构造方案中，不是必然地设置或必需反应剂与加热元件本身的直接接触。而是所述至少一个板状的传热元件提供通过润湿与反应剂接触且因此有助于其蒸发的表面。
为了尽可能小地影响在排气引导通道中的排气流，提出：至少一个板状的传热元件具有基本上平行于排气流方向的传热元件表面。
为了加热元件与给其配设的传热元件的稳定连接，提出：至少一个加热元件保持在两个相互连接的、优选至少局部地彼此贴靠的、板状的传热元件之间。
在此，为了改进的传热可以规定：在至少一个板状的传热元件和一个加热元件之间设置有传热介质、优选是金属粉末或/和石墨材料。
此外，为了改进的排气流特性可以规定：至少一个板状的传热元件具有多个排气穿透开口或/和排气引导元件。
在一种特别是对于在由排气和反应剂提供的腐蚀性环境中的使用有利的构造方案中可以规定：所述反应剂加热布置系统包括能通过电激励升温的至少一个陶瓷加热元件。
在此，为了能够提供有效的热相互作用，提出：至少一个陶瓷加热元件包括多个棒状的加热区段。
在另一种有利的构造方式中提出：所述反应剂加热布置系统包括能通过电激励升温的至少一个加热元件和至少局部包围所述加热元件的优选由金属泡沫材料或丝网制成的多孔的反应剂容纳体。多孔的反应剂容纳体可以通过毛细作用容纳首先以微滴形状射到其上的反应剂并且基于其提高的温度然后连续地释放，从而也确保均匀化的反应剂释放。
在所述混合器布置系统下游可以设置有反应剂处理装置、例如是用于选择性的催化还原的催化器布置系统或/和颗粒过滤器。
此外，本发明涉及一种用于排气设备、优选具有在先描述的构造的排气设备的反应剂加热布置系统的加热元件。所述加热元件包括波纹状蜿蜒的、在连接区域中彼此连接的且基本上并排延伸的至少两个热导体区段。
在加热元件的这样的构造方案中，提供用于使在排气设备中喷射到排气流中的反应剂升温的大的相互作用长度或相互作用面。
优选可以规定：每个热导体区段沿热导体区段纵向相继地具有多个基本上横向于热导体区段纵向交替地彼此相反取向的凸起部，其中，在至少两个热导体区段中沿相同方向横向于热导体区段纵向取向的凸起部沿热导体区段纵向彼此错开。在这样的构造方案中可以确保，通过避免热导体区段的一致定位，所述热导体区段的所有表面区域可以有效地被环流并且因此用于使反应剂升温。
在一种优选构造方案中，供升温使用的大的表面可以通过如下方式提供，即，所述热导体区段连同连接所述热导体区段的连接区域带状地构造。
在此，为了对于在排气设备中流动的排气产生尽可能小的流动阻力，提出：所述热导体区段的在所述热导体区段的宽侧上提供的带表面基本上彼此平行地取向。
在热导体元件中，两个热导体区段可以在相应的第一端部区域中具有用于电接通的接头区域并且在相应的第二端部区域中通过连接区域连接到另一个热导体区段上。
附图说明
下面参考附图详细说明本发明。附图中：
图1示出排气设备的一个区段，所述排气设备包括反应剂喷射布置系统、在反应剂喷射布置系统下游的混合器布置系统和在它们之间的反应剂加热布置系统；
图2示出图1中的反应剂加热布置系统的能电激励的热导体元件；
图3示出带状地且以波纹状结构构造的能电激励的热导体元件；
图4示出排气引导通道的一个区段，所述排气引导通道包括按照图3的设置在反应剂的喷射锥体中的热导体元件；
图5示出图3的热导体元件，所述热导体元件包括引导通过该热导体元件的排气流；
图6示出带状构造的且以波纹状结构提供的热导体元件的一种备选构造型式；
图7在其图示a)和b)中示出一个或多个并排设置的波纹状构造的热导体元件的原理图并且在其图示c)中示出包括多个并排设置的波纹状构造的热导体区段的热导体元件；
图8示出排气设备的一种备选构造方式的对应于图1的视图；
图9示出在图8的构造方式中使用的反应剂加热布置系统的俯视图；
图10示出图9的反应剂加热布置系统的沿图9中的视向X的正视图；
图11示出一种备选构造型式的对应于图10的视图；
图12示出一种备选地构造的排气设备的另一个对应于图1的视图；
图13示出包括陶瓷加热元件的多个棒状的加热区段的反应剂加热布置系统的构造型式；
图14示出图13的反应剂加热布置系统沿图13中的视向XIV的视图；
图15示出排气设备的一种备选构造型式的另一个对应于图1的图示。
具体实施方式
在图1中以原理图示出例如用于车辆内燃机的排气设备10的一个区段。排气设备10在排气管12中包括一般以14表示的排气引导通道。在图1中示出的区段的上游区域中可以设置有第一排气处理布置结构16，其例如可以构造为柴油氧化催化器或低配合比NOX收集器(Mager-NOX-Falle)。在排气设备10的示出的区段的下游区域中可以设置有第二排气处理布置结构18。该第二排气处理装例如可以包括用于选择性的催化还原的催化器布置系统或颗粒过滤器。
在排气引导通道14的处于两个排气处理布置结构16、18之间的区段中设置有一般也称为喷射器的反应剂喷射布置系统20。该反应剂喷射布置系统将反应剂、例如尿素/水混合物喷射到排气引导通道14中，以便实现如此喷射的反应剂R与在排气引导通道中流动的排气A的混匀。
在反应剂喷射布置系统20下游在排气引导通道14中设置有混合器布置系统22。该混合器布置系统用于实现反应剂R与排气A的改进的混匀并且可以包括多个关于排气流方向倾斜定位的且因此用于流动涡流的转向面。因为混合器布置系统22由相对热的排气A环流，所以所述混合器布置系统也通过该排气升温，从而首先还以微滴形式射到混合器布置系统22的转向面上的反应剂R通过混合器布置系统22本身升温并且因此增强地蒸发。
沿排气流方向在反应剂喷射布置系统20下游和在混合器布置系统22上游设置有反应剂加热布置系统24。该反应剂加热布置系统包括能通过电激励升温的加热元件26，所述加热元件通过支架28和绝缘布置系统30、例如云母或类似物支承在排气管12上。加热元件26延伸到反应剂R的通过借助于反应剂喷射布置系统20构造的喷射锥体占据的体积范围V中并且因此几乎以其整个延伸长度供用于与在排气引导通道14中流动的排气A的热相互作用使用。
这样的能通过电激励升温的加热元件26的实例在图2中示出。加热元件26构造为热导体元件27并且在通过在图1中示出的支架28可以支承在排气管12上的两个接头区域30、32之间构成闭合的回环34，该回环包括处于并排的且波纹状蜿蜒的、亦即基本上以卷曲的或波浪状的结构提供的两个回环区段或热导体区段36、38。热导体元件27可以包括基于其欧姆电阻能在电激励时升温的核心区域，该核心区域由电绝缘的外壳包围。不言而喻，热导体元件27可以具有其他轮廓，如在图2中示出的那样。原则上，热导体元件可以构造有V轮廓或U轮廓，其中，在图2中示出的作为包括波纹状回环区段的闭合回环的配置结构由于与通过反应剂喷射布置系统20释放的反应剂R的相对大的相互作用长度是特别有利的。
在热导体元件27的在图2中示出的构造方案中可看出的是，所述两个热导体区段36、38中的每个热导体区段由于其波纹状结构具有多个沿热导体区段纵向HL相继的且交替地横向于热导体区段纵向HL相反取向的凸起部。在此，两个热导体区段36、38的横向于热导体区段纵向HL相同取向的凸起部沿热导体区段纵向HL彼此错开。
通过加热元件26或热导体元件27，环流该加热元件或热导体元件的反应剂R升温并且至少部分蒸发。在这个已经蒸发的或升温的状态中射到混合器布置系统22上的反应剂R可以在混合器布置系统22中基于在先已经描述的效果进一步升温并且因此完全蒸发并且与在排气引导通道14中流动的排气A完全且均匀地混合。
反应剂加热布置系统24的一种备选构造方案在图3至7中示出。图3示出能通过电激励升温的加热元件26，该加热元件作为带状的热导体元件40提供，例如作为必要时包括电绝缘部的金属带。加热元件26或热导体元件40在其设置用于电接通的两个接头区域30、32之间以波纹状结构提供并且因此具有多个基本上处于彼此平行的纵向区段42，所述纵向区段在相应的弯曲区域44中彼此连接。
基本上通过热导体元件40的处于彼此背离的两个宽侧B1、B2提供的带表面O特别是在纵向区段42中和在弯曲区域44中如此取向，使得所述带表面如图5对这一点表示的那样处于基本上平行于排气A的流动方向。因此，特别是在通过反应剂R的喷射锥体占据的体积范围V的区域中尽量避免对排气A的流动的影响。同时以其波纹状结构提供的热导体元件40提供相对大的表面O，通过反应剂喷射布置系统20释放的反应剂R可以射到所述表面上并且因此可以接收热。在此，热导体元件40的布置系统优选是，使得通过反应剂喷射布置系统20释放的反应剂R具有平行于表面O的流动方向分量，从而所述反应剂可以进入到在区段42之间构成的间隙中并且因此射到表面O上。
加热元件26或热导体元件40的特别是关于定位不同地构造的构造方案在图6中示出。可看出的是，在该构造方式中，两个接头区域30、32不同于在按照图3的构造方式中不是处于一个共同的平面中且彼此离开地取向，而是处于彼此错开的平面中，并且两个最后的带区段42基本上直线连续地设置。
图7以原理图形象地说明加热布置系统24的不同的构造方案。图7a)的图示基本上对应于按照图3或图6的构造方式，其包括提供加热元件26的热导体元件40，该热导体元件在示出的实例中具有三个彼此基本上平行取向的带区段42。在图7b)中设置三个这样的热导体元件40，所述热导体元件基本上沿排气A的流动方向处于彼此相继并且例如分别同样具有彼此基本上平行取向的三个纵向区段42。沿排气A的流动方向相继的热导体元件40优选这样定位，使得所述热导体元件的纵向区段42为了降低用于在排气引导通道14中流动的排气A的流动阻力彼此沿流动方向连续地、亦即基本上彼此齐平地设置。
图7c示出提供带状地构造的热导体元件40的加热元件26。热导体元件40具有两个热导体区段40'、40"，所述热导体区段沿热导体区段纵向HL基本上并排地延伸并且分别波纹状地蜿蜒、亦即以基本上波浪状的结构提供。在热导体区段40'、40"的相应的弯曲区域44'、44"的区域中构成基本上横向于热导体区段纵向HL交替地彼此背离取向的凸起部，纵向区段42'、42"在所述凸起部之间延伸。
在相应的第一端部区域31'、31"中，处于并排的两个热导体区段40'、40"分别具有一个接头区域30、32。在相应的第二端部区域33'、33"中，两个热导体区段40'、40"通过连接区域41彼此连接并且因此构成热导体元件40的整合的结构。因此，两个接头区域30、32直接处于并排并且可以以简单的方式与对应成形的对应接头区域例如在排气引导管上电接通。
热导体区段40'、40"的在相应的宽侧B1、B2上构成的表面O'、O"基本上彼此平行地取向，从而对于环流加热元件40的排气A存在非常较小的流动阻力，而同时相对大的表面供使喷射到排气A中的反应剂R升温使用。为了可以尽可能有效地利用所述表面，在该热导体元件40中，两个热导体区段40'、40"的在弯曲区域44'、44"的区域中构成的凸起部也沿热导体区段纵向HL彼此错开，从而例如基本上在热导体区段40'、40"中的一个热导体区段中凸起部沿横向于热导体区段纵向HL的第一方向取向的地方，在另一个热导体区段的相同的长度区域中，凸起部沿与第一方向相反的第二方向横向于热导体区段纵向HL取向。因此，两个热导体区段40'、40"彼此具有相位移动的走向，其中，相位移可以处于波纹状结构或波浪状结构的一半波长的区域中，但也可以占据另一个值。因此，沿排气A的流动方向观察不一致。在此，优选不同的热导体区段40'、40"的在相应的凸起部或弯曲区域44'、44"之间延伸的长度区域42'、42"也沿热导体区段纵向HL彼此错开。以这种方式用于：在更下游定位的热导体区段不被在更上游定位的热导体区段遮住。
利用在图7c)中示出的热导体元件40原则上可以构造一种结构，如其在图7b)中表明，其中，不是彼此分开构造的各个热导体元件、而是热导体元件的热导体区段沿排气A的流动方向彼此相继。原则上多个这样的热导体元件40如在图7c)中示出的那样也可以相继地设置。这样的包括多个热导体区段的热导体元件也可以构造有多于两个热导体区段。例如可以设置有三个基本上处于并排的热导体区段，其中，然后两个接头区域不是处于并排，而是处于彼此相反的侧上。
图8至11示出反应剂加热布置系统24的另一种备选构造型式。在该构造型式中，反应剂加热布置系统24包括例如构造为炽热销的加热元件26，该加热元件以体区域46例如支承在排气管12上并且以能通过电激励升温的加热区域或炽热区域48伸入到排气引导通道14中。在图8至10中示出的实例中，在所述加热区域48上支承两个板状的传热元件50、52。两个传热元件50、52如此成形，使得这两个传热元件在其包围加热区域48的、大致处于其长度中心区域中的区段中构成分别基本上半圆形的凸出成形部54、56，从而构成一个体积范围，加热区域48例如在中间放入传热介质58、例如金属粉末或石墨膜片的情况下容纳在所述体积范围中。两个传热元件50、52可以彼此例如通过压制、焊接或类似物固定并且因此稳定地支承在加热区域48上。为了降低流动阻力并且为了通过反应剂喷射布置系统20释放的反应剂R与在排气引导通道14中流动的排气A的改进的混匀，在传热元件50、52中可以构造排气穿透开口60，其中，例如邻接于排气穿透开口60地，排气引导元件例如可以通过使传热元件50、52的区段弯曲来提供。
一种备选构造方案在图11中示出。在该构造方案中，仅设置有唯一一个板状的传热元件50'，该传热元件具有圆形的凸出成形部54'，所述凸出成形部将加热元件26在其加热区域48中包围地设置。为了稳定的保持，可以在未由凸出成形部54'包围的区域中将加热元件48与传热元件50例如通过焊接部62固定连接。
在图8至11中示出的构造方式中，反应剂加热布置系统也以其用于传热的板状的传热元件50、52或50'如此取向，使得通过这些传热元件提供的传热元件表面OW基本上平行于排气引导流14中的排气A的流动方向取向，以便因此提供用于排气A的尽可能小的流动阻力。
反应剂加热布置系统24的另一种备选构造型式在图12至14中示出。
反应剂加热布置系统24包括能通过电激励升温的加热元件26，该加热元件在这种情况下构造为陶瓷加热元件64。该陶瓷加热元件包括例如固定在排气引导管12上的支架66和多个(在示出的实例中四个)从支架66延伸进入到体积范围V中的棒状的加热区段68。这些加热区段可以为了与反应剂R的有效的热相互作用在图14中形象说明的星状的配置结构中关于彼此设置。
反应剂加热布置系统24的另一种构造型式在图15中示出。反应剂加热布置系统24包括加热元件26，该加热元件关于其构造可以基本上对应于在图9中示出的加热元件26并且可以具有能通过电激励升温的且特别是在体积范围V的区域中延伸的加热区域48。该加热区域48通过由多孔材料制成的反应剂容纳体70包围。由反应剂喷射布置系统20释放的反应剂R射到多孔的反应剂容纳体70的表面上并且可以通过毛细输送作用到其内部容积区域中。因此，反应剂容纳体70构成反应剂存储器，其中，反应剂升温并且以蒸汽形式释放。这导致以蒸汽形式释放到排气A的流中的且通过混合器布置系统22然后完全与排气A混合的反应剂流的均匀化。
反应剂容纳体70优选由金属泡沫材料或其他多孔材料、例如丝网构成。
最后要指出的是，不言而喻按照本发明构造的排气设备也可以包括不同结构型式的多个在先描述的反应剂加热布置系统的组合。

Claims (18)

1.排气设备，所述排气设备包括
-排气引导通道(14)，
-反应剂喷射布置系统(20)，用于将反应剂(R)喷射到在所述排气引导通道(14)中流动的排气(A)中，
-在所述反应剂喷射布置系统(20)下游的混合器布置系统(22)，用于辅助支持通过所述反应剂喷射布置系统(20)喷射的反应剂(R)与在所述排气引导通道(14)中流动的排气(A)的混匀，
-在所述反应剂喷射布置系统(20)下游且在所述混合器布置系统(22)上游的反应剂加热布置系统(24)，所述反应剂加热布置系统在所述排气引导通道(14)中延伸并且能由在其中流动的排气(A)和通过所述反应剂喷射布置系统(20)喷射的反应剂(R)环流，
其中，所述反应剂加热布置系统(24)包括能通过电激励升温的且能由排气(A)和反应剂(R)环流的至少一个热导体元件(40)，
其中，至少一个热导体元件(40)至少局部波纹状地蜿蜒并且具有多个处于彼此平行的且在弯曲区域中彼此连接的纵向区段，
其中，至少一个热导体元件(40)带状地构造并且具有通过处于彼此背离的宽侧提供的带表面(O)，其中，所述带表面在所述纵向区段和所述弯曲区域中平行于排气流方向并且能由排气(A)和反应剂(R)环流。
2.按照权利要求1所述的排气设备，其特征在于，所述排气设备是用于车辆内燃机的排气设备。
3.按照权利要求1所述的排气设备，其特征在于，所述反应剂加热布置系统(24)在由在反应剂喷射布置系统中构成的反应剂喷射锥体包围的体积范围(V)中延伸。
4.按照权利要求1至3中任一项所述的排气设备，其特征在于，至少一个热导体元件(27)构成闭合的热导体回环(34)。
5.按照权利要求1至3中任一项所述的排气设备，其特征在于，多个带状构造的热导体元件(40)沿排气流方向相继地设置。
6.按照权利要求1至3中任一项所述的排气设备，其特征在于，所述反应剂加热布置系统(24)包括能通过电激励升温的至少一个加热元件(26)和与所述加热元件(26)处于传热连接中的板状的至少一个传热元件(50、52；50')。
7.按照权利要求6所述的排气设备，其特征在于，至少一个板状的传热元件(50、52；50')具有平行于排气流方向的传热元件表面(OW)。
8.按照权利要求6所述的排气设备，其特征在于，至少一个加热元件(26)保持在相互连接的板状的两个传热元件(50、52)之间。
9.按照权利要求6所述的排气设备，其特征在于，至少一个加热元件(26)保持在相互连接的至少局部彼此贴靠的板状的两个传热元件(50、52)之间。
10.按照权利要求6所述的排气设备，其特征在于，在至少一个板状的传热元件(50、52)和一个加热元件(26)之间设置有传热介质(58)。
11.按照权利要求10所述的排气设备，其特征在于，所述传热介质(58)包括金属粉末或/和石墨材料。
12.按照权利要求6所述的排气设备，其特征在于，至少一个板状的传热元件(50、52；50')具有多个排气穿透开口(60)或/和排气引导元件。
13.按照权利要求1至3中任一项所述的排气设备，其特征在于，所述反应剂加热布置系统(24)包括能通过电激励升温的至少一个陶瓷加热元件(64)。
14.按照权利要求13所述的排气设备，其特征在于，至少一个陶瓷加热元件(64)包括多个棒状的加热区段(68)。
15.按照权利要求1至3中任一项所述的排气设备，其特征在于，所述反应剂加热布置系统(24)包括能通过电激励升温的至少一个加热元件(26)和至少局部包围所述加热元件(26)的多孔的反应剂容纳体(70)。
16.按照权利要求15所述的排气设备，其特征在于，所述反应剂容纳体(70)由金属泡沫材料或丝网制成。
17.按照权利要求1至3中任一项所述的排气设备，其特征在于，在所述混合器布置系统(22)下游设置有反应剂处理装置(18)。
18.按照权利要求17所述的排气设备，其特征在于，所述反应剂处理装置(18)包括用于选择性的催化反应的催化器布置系统或/和颗粒过滤器。
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