JP7254887B2 - 排ガス加熱ユニット - Google Patents
排ガス加熱ユニット Download PDFInfo
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- JP7254887B2 JP7254887B2 JP2021199153A JP2021199153A JP7254887B2 JP 7254887 B2 JP7254887 B2 JP 7254887B2 JP 2021199153 A JP2021199153 A JP 2021199153A JP 2021199153 A JP2021199153 A JP 2021199153A JP 7254887 B2 JP7254887 B2 JP 7254887B2
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- conductor element
- heating unit
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
- F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
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- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
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- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
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- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
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- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
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- F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
- F01N3/2026—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means directly electrifying the catalyst substrate, i.e. heating the electrically conductive catalyst substrate by joule effect
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
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Description
Claims (20)
- 内燃機関の排ガス装置のための排ガス加熱ユニットであって、少なくとも1つの導電性の熱導体エレメント(22)を有している排ガス加熱ユニットにおいて、
前記少なくとも1つの導電性の熱導体エレメント(22)は、湾曲された面状帯材料(48)から形成されており、
前記少なくとも1つの熱導体エレメント(22)は波状の構造を有して形成されており、
前記少なくとも1つの熱導体エレメント(22)を予め規定された位置で支持する支持体構造(54)が設けられており、
前記支持体構造(54)は、前記少なくとも1つの熱導体エレメント(22)の前記波状の構造の波頭領域(34)の間に係合する位置決め突起(74)を備えた少なくとも1つの支持体エレメント(78;80,82;84;86)を含み、または前記支持体構造(54)は、前記少なくとも1つの熱導体エレメント(22)の前記波状の構造の波頭領域(34)を受容する位置決め凹部(76)を備えた少なくとも1つの支持体エレメント(78;80,82;84;86)を含み、または前記支持体構造(54)は、前記少なくとも1つの熱導体エレメント(22)の波頭領域(34)における位置決め凹部(84,86)内に係合する少なくとも1つの支持体エレメント(80,82)を含む、ことを特徴とする、排ガス加熱ユニット。 - 前記少なくとも1つの熱導体エレメント(22)は、排ガス主流方向(H)に対して実質的に平行に配置された幅面(42)と、前記排ガス主流方向(H)に対して実質的に垂直に配置された端面(44)とを有しており、前記熱導体エレメント(22)の前記幅面(42)の幅方向(B)における延在長さ(b)は、10mm~20mmの範囲にあり、または前記熱導体エレメント(22)の前記端面(44)の厚さ方向(D)における延在長さ(d)は、0.05mm~0.2mmの範囲にあり、または前記熱導体エレメント(22)の前記端面(44)の前記厚さ方向(D)における前記延在長さ(d)の、前記熱導体エレメント(22)の前記幅面(42)の前記幅方向(B)における前記延在長さ(b)に対する比は、0.002~0.025の範囲にあり、または前記面状帯材料(48)は、金属材料または導電性セラミック材料であって、または前記面状帯材料(48)は、排ガスによる周囲の流過のために電気絶縁性ではない表面を提供しており、または前記少なくとも1つの熱導体エレメント(22)は、長さ端部領域(24,30)で、電圧源と電気接続するように形成されている、請求項1記載の排ガス加熱ユニット。
- 前記少なくとも1つの熱導体エレメント(22)は、互いに隣接して延在し、かつ互いに対して電気的に絶縁されて配置されている熱導体エレメント長さ領域(26,28;70)を含む、請求項1または2記載の排ガス加熱ユニット。
- 前記少なくとも1つの熱導体エレメント(22)は螺線状の延在で配置されていて、互いに隣接して延在する前記熱導体エレメント長さ領域(26,28)は、螺旋の中心(Z)に関して互いに半径方向で隣接して延在する螺旋区分によって形成されている、請求項3記載の排ガス加熱ユニット。
- 前記少なくとも1つの熱導体エレメント(22)はメアンダ状の延在で配置されていて、互いに隣接して延在する前記熱導体エレメント長さ領域(70)は、移行領域(72)で互いに接続される、互いに隣接して延在するメアンダ区分によって形成されている、請求項3記載の排ガス加熱ユニット。
- 互いに隣接して延在する前記熱導体エレメント長さ領域(26,28;70)は、前記熱導体エレメント長さ領域の間に中間スペースを維持することにより、互いに対して電気的に絶縁されていて、または互いに隣接して延在する前記熱導体エレメント長さ領域(26,28;70)は、前記熱導体エレメント長さ領域の間に、電気絶縁性の、好適には面状帯状の材料(40)を配置することにより、互いに対して電気的に絶縁されている、請求項3から5までのいずれか1項記載の排ガス加熱ユニット。
- 湾曲された面状帯材料から成る、互いに対して電気的に絶縁されて配置された複数の熱導体エレメント(22a,22b;22a,22b,22c,22d;22a,22b,22c,22d,22e,22f)が設けられている、請求項1から6までのいずれか1項記載の排ガス加熱ユニット。
- 前記熱導体エレメント(22a,22b;22a,22b,22c,22d;22a,22b,22c,22d,22e,22f)の少なくとも一部は、互いに電気的に並列に接続されている、請求項7記載の排ガス加熱ユニット。
- 前記熱導体エレメント(22a,22b;22a,22b,22c,22d)は、螺旋の中心(Z)を起点として、螺線状の延在を有するように互いに隣接して配置されており、これにより前記熱導体エレメント(22a,22b;22a,22b,22c,22d)は、互いに隣接する螺旋アームを形成する、請求項7または8記載の排ガス加熱ユニット。
- 前記熱導体エレメント(22a,22b,22c,22d,22e,22f)は、実質的にまっすぐ縦に延在する、互いに隣接して延びる熱導体エレメント長さ領域を形成する、請求項7または8記載の排ガス加熱ユニット。
- 前記熱導体エレメント(22a,22b;22a,22b,22c,22d;22a,22b,22c,22d,22e,22f)は、前記熱導体エレメントの間に中間スペースを維持することにより、互いに対して電気的に絶縁されていて、または前記熱導体エレメント(22a,22b;22a,22b,22c,22d;22a,22b,22c,22d,22e,22f)は、前記熱導体エレメントの間に、電気絶縁性の、好適には面状帯状の材料(40)を配置することにより、互いに対して電気的に絶縁されている、請求項7から10までのいずれか1項記載の排ガス加熱ユニット。
- 前記支持体構造(54)は、前記少なくとも1つの熱導体エレメント(22)の前記波状の構造の波頭(34)の間に延在する波面状区分(42)に保持される少なくとも1つの支持体エレメント(88,90;92,94;100,102)を含む、請求項1から11までのいずれか1項記載の排ガス加熱ユニット。
- 前記少なくとも1つの支持体エレメント(88,90)は、前記波面状区分(42)を貫通しており、または前記少なくとも1つの支持体エレメント(92,94;100,102)は、前記少なくとも1つの熱導体エレメント(22)の端面(44)に、前記波面状区分(42)の領域で支持されている、請求項12記載の排ガス加熱ユニット。
- 前記支持体構造(54)は、前記少なくとも1つの熱導体エレメント(22)の端面(44)に配置される少なくとも1つの支持体エレメント(62)を含み、前記支持体エレメントは、好適には星形の構造に配置される複数の支持体アーム(64)を備える、請求項1から13までのいずれか1項記載の排ガス加熱ユニット。
- 前記支持体構造(54)は電気絶縁性材料(40)を含む、請求項6または11、または請求項6または11を引用する請求項12から14までのいずれか1項記載の排ガス加熱ユニット。
- 前記少なくとも1つの熱導体エレメント(22)は、少なくとも所定の領域で、触媒効果のある材料(104)によって被覆されている、請求項1から15までのいずれか1項記載の排ガス加熱ユニット。
- 好適にはプラチナまたはパラジウムまたはロジウムを含む、前記触媒効果のある材料(104)は、三元触媒機能を提供し、または好適には酸化チタンまたは酸化ジルコニウムまたは酸化アルミニウムを含む、前記触媒効果のある材料(104)は、加水分解触媒機能を提供し、または好適には、プラチナまたはパラジウムまたはバリウムを含む、前記触媒効果のある材料(104)は、窒素酸化物蓄積触媒機能を提供し、または好適にはプラチナまたはパラジウムを含む、前記触媒効果のある材料(104)は、ディーゼル酸化触媒機能を提供し、または好適には鉄ゼオライトまたは銅ゼオライトまたはバナジウム酸化物を含む、前記触媒効果のある材料(104)は、SCR触媒機能を提供する、請求項16記載の排ガス加熱ユニット。
- 請求項1から17までのいずれか1項記載の少なくとも1つの排ガス加熱ユニット(10)を含む、内燃機関のための排ガス装置。
- 前記少なくとも1つの排ガス加熱ユニット(10)は、少なくとも1つの排ガス処理ユニット(14)、好適には触媒ユニットまたはパティキュレートフィルタユニットの上流に配置されている、請求項18記載の排ガス装置。
- 前記少なくとも1つの排ガス加熱ユニット(10)の少なくとも1つの熱導体エレメント(22)の、幅方向(B)で延在する幅面(42)は、排ガス主流方向(H)に対して実質的に平行に配置されていて、厚さ方向で延在する端面(44)は、前記排ガス主流方向(H)に対して実質的に垂直に配置されている、請求項18または19記載の排ガス装置。
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