CN107126939A - 多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂的制备方法 - Google Patents

多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107126939A
CN107126939A CN201710380151.8A CN201710380151A CN107126939A CN 107126939 A CN107126939 A CN 107126939A CN 201710380151 A CN201710380151 A CN 201710380151A CN 107126939 A CN107126939 A CN 107126939A
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李慧芝
卢燕
韩斌
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂的制备方法,特征在于,以废旧陶瓷为吸附剂的支撑体,全氟辛烷磺酸为模板分子。在反应器中,按如下组成质量百分浓度加入,N,N‑二甲基甲酰胺:58~65%,琥珀酰亚胺:15~20%,全氟辛烷磺酸:1.0~3.0%,氨基化多孔陶瓷粉:12~18%,过硫酸铵:1.0~4.0%,无氧氛围,75±2℃搅拌反应6h,将得到的产物用乙醇与氢氧化钠混合溶液搅拌洗涤12h,除去模板分子,干燥,即得多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂。该吸附材料对全氟辛烷磺酸具有特异的识别能力,选择性较高及良好的机械性能,有很好的化学稳定性,吸附速度快,容易洗脱,具有再生能力。

Description

多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种分子印迹吸附材料的制备方法与应用技术,特别涉及一种多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂的制备方法,属于分离材料应用技术领域。
背景技术
全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)是一个含有八个碳的全氟化合物,末端带有一个磺酸盐基团(CF3(CF2)7SO3H),通常是用于生产高效能氟聚合物时所不可或缺的加工助剂。这些高效能氟聚合物可被广泛应用于航空航天科技、灭火剂、表面活性剂等民生用品。从20世纪80年代早期开始,这种非挥发性全氟有机化合物在工业及民用领域的应用增长迅速。该类产品的大量使用使得其以各种途径进入到全球范围内的各种环境介质如土壤、水体、大气中,通过食物链的传递放大,目前在许多动物组织和人体中发下了PFOS的存在。研究证明PFOS具有神经毒性、遗传毒性、生殖毒性和发育毒性并对内分泌系统有着干扰作用,因此PFOS已经成为一种重要的全球性污染物,它对环境污染的广度和深度超出人们预想,目前对于该问题的研究已经成为环境科学的研究热点。吸附分离除去环境水中存在的有机、无机污染物,已被认为是一种十分有效和常用的处理方法,采用吸附分离法除去水中的PFOS成为本领域技术人员关注问题。采用吸附分离除去PFOS报道很少,尤其是对PFOS具有选择性吸附分离跟少。
具有分子识别功能的高选择性材料,一直受到人们的关注。分子印迹技术是当前制备高选择性材料的主要方法之一。依据此技术制备的分子印迹聚合物,由于对印迹分子的立体结构具有“记忆”功能而表现预定、专一的识别性能,在分离科学、生物模拟科学等领域有十分广阔的应用前景。印迹聚合物的传统制备方法是:将模板分子、功能单体、交联剂和引发剂按一定配比溶解在溶剂(致孔剂)中,在适当条件下引发聚合后得到块状的高度交联刚性聚合物;然后经粉碎、过筛而得到尺寸符合要求的粒子。此方法所需装置简单,普适性强,但通常存在以下问题:(1)在研磨过程中可控性差,不可避免地产生一些不规则颗粒,同时破坏部分印迹点。经筛分后获得的合格颗粒一般低于50%,造成明显浪费;(2)存在模板分子包埋过深、难以洗脱、模板渗漏和机械性能低;(3)印迹位点分布不均一,一部分处于颗粒孔避上,其传质速率较快,而另一些包埋在聚合物本体之中,受位阻影响,可接近性差,再结合模板分子的速率慢,从而降低了印迹位点的利用率。为了解决上述问题,表面印迹作为一种新的方法近年来成为研究的热点。所谓表面分子印迹就是采取一定的措施把所有的结合位点结合在具有良好可接近性的表面上,从而有利于模板分子的脱除和再结合。所以选择理想的支持体合成表面印迹吸附材料很重要,目前所用的支持体主要是碳微球和硅胶颗粒,申请号为201010242495.0的专利中公开都是以硅胶球为支持的印迹吸附材料;申请号为201010137822.6的专利中公开一种以碳微球为支持的印迹吸附材料,申请号为2012100978570的专利中公开一种以丝瓜络为支持的印迹吸附材料。
多孔陶瓷又被称为微孔陶瓷、泡沫陶瓷,是一种新型陶瓷,是由骨料、胶粘剂和增孔剂等组分高温烧成的,具有三维立体网状结构。多孔陶瓷内部均匀分布着互相贯通的微孔或空洞,因此其具有孔隙率高,体积密度小、比表面积大及独特的物理表面特性,加之陶瓷材料特有的耐高温、耐腐蚀、高的化学稳定性,使多孔陶瓷成为吸附剂理想支持体。本申请采用建筑废弃陶瓷制备多孔陶瓷,降低成本的同时还可以减少废弃陶瓷的污染,造福人类。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一是提供一种多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂的制备方法,主要是以多孔陶瓷为支持体,以全氟辛烷磺酸为模板分子,合成对全氟辛烷磺酸分子具有高选择性、有特异识别能力的吸附剂。
本发明的目的通过如下技术方案实现。
一种多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂的制备方法,特征在于,该方法具有以下工艺步骤:
(1)原料预处理:将废弃的陶瓷,进行粉碎,过160目筛,得到陶瓷粉;将凹凸棒土进行粉碎,过160目筛,得到凹凸棒土粉;
(2)多孔陶瓷的制备:在研磨机,按如下组成质量百分浓度加入,陶瓷粉:38~42%,凹凸棒土粉:38~42%,碳粉:8~12%,酚醛树脂:8~12%,各组分含量之和为百分之百,开启研磨机,研磨30 min,取出置于90℃烘箱,干燥8h,然后置于900℃高温炉中焙烧6 h,取出,冷至室温,研磨至粉末状,得到多孔陶瓷粉,粒径在40~60目之间;
(3)氨基基化多孔陶瓷粉制备:在反应器中,按如下组成质量百分浓度加入,乙醇:58~62%,γ―氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷:22~28%,多孔陶瓷粉:13~18%,各组分之和为百分之百,于65±2℃恒温、搅拌、回流反应4 h,反应完毕后,固液分离,用乙醇洗涤,干燥,得到氨基化多孔陶瓷粉;
(4)多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂制备:在反应器中,按如下组成质量百分浓度加入,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺:58~65%,琥珀酰亚胺:15~20%,全氟辛烷磺酸:1.0~3.0%,氨基化多孔陶瓷粉:12~18%,过硫酸铵:1.0~4.0%,各组分含量之和为百分之百,通氮气体除氧,无氧氛围,75±2℃搅拌反应6h,将得到的产物用乙醇与氢氧化钠混合溶液搅拌洗涤12h,除去模板分子,干燥,即得多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂。
所述的陶瓷粉为废弃的建筑陶瓷或废弃日用陶瓷粉碎而得到的。
在步骤(2)中所述的碳粉的粒径要小于50µm。
在步骤(2)中所述的陶瓷粉与凹凸棒土粉的质量比为1:1最优。
在步骤(4)中所述的乙醇与氢氧化钠混合溶为无水乙醇与2mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液按体积为6:4混合。
在步骤(4)中所述的无氧氛围为聚合反应过程一直通入氮气气体。
本发明的另一个目的是提供多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂对全氟辛烷磺酸有特异性的识别能力用于样品的分离富集。特征为:将制备好的多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂制作成吸附柱,按动态法吸附,流速为1.5~2.5mL/ min,吸附后用乙醇与氢氧化钠混合溶液洗脱,流速为1.0mL/ min,或者静态吸附。
本发明的优点及效果是:
(1)本发明获得高选择性吸附材料是多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂,具有特定的空穴,对全氟辛烷磺酸具有特异的识别能力,选择性较高,对其它共存物质不吸附,可以分离分子结构相近的物质。
(2)本发明制备多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂,由于是在多孔陶瓷表面修饰上分子印迹聚合物,其吸附位点都在吸附剂的表面,有利于模板分子吸附和洗脱,洗脱时间短,吸附能力强、效率高,由于多孔陶瓷的比表面积大,连接吸附位点多,其对全氟辛烷磺酸分子吸附容量大,其最大吸附容量为141.8 mg/g,最高吸附率可达97.2%。
(3)本发明制备多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂,由于多孔陶瓷具有孔隙率高,体积密度小、比表面积大及独特的物理表面特性,加之陶瓷材料特有的耐高温、耐腐蚀、高的化学稳定性,有良好的物理化学稳定性和优异的机械稳定性,对全氟辛烷磺酸酸分子吸附操作简单。制备过程简单,条件易于控制,生产成本低。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)多孔陶瓷的制备:在研磨机,分别加入,陶瓷粉:40g,凹凸棒土粉:40g,碳粉:10g,酚醛树脂:10g,开启研磨机,研磨30 min,取出置于90℃烘箱,干燥8h,然后置于900℃高温炉中焙烧6 h,冷至室温,研磨至粉末状,得到多孔陶瓷粉,粒径在40~60目之间;
(2)氨基基化多孔陶瓷粉制备:在反应器中,分别加入,乙醇:76 mL,γ―氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷:25g,多孔陶瓷粉:15g,于65±2℃恒温、搅拌、回流反应4 h,反应完毕后,固液分离,用乙醇洗涤,干燥,得到氨基化多孔陶瓷粉;
(3)多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂制备:在反应器中,分别加入,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺:66mL,琥珀酰亚胺:18g,全氟辛烷磺酸:2.0g,氨基化多孔陶瓷粉:15g,过硫酸铵:3.0g,通氮气体除氧,无氧氛围,75±2℃搅拌反应6h,将得到的产物用乙醇与氢氧化钠混合溶液搅拌洗涤12h,除去模板分子,干燥,即得多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂。
实施例2
(1)多孔陶瓷的制备:在研磨机,分别加入,陶瓷粉:42g,凹凸棒土粉:38g,碳粉:8g,酚醛树脂:12g,开启研磨机,研磨30 min,取出置于90℃烘箱,干燥8h,然后置于900℃高温炉中焙烧6 h,冷至室温,研磨至粉末状,得到多孔陶瓷粉,粒径在40~60目之间;
(2)氨基基化多孔陶瓷粉制备:在反应器中,分别加入,乙醇:78mL,γ―氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷:22g,多孔陶瓷粉:16g,于65±2℃恒温、搅拌、回流反应4 h,反应完毕后,固液分离,用乙醇洗涤,干燥,得到氨基化多孔陶瓷粉;
(3)多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂制备:在反应器中,分别加入,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺:69mL,琥珀酰亚胺:15g,全氟辛烷磺酸:1.0g,氨基化多孔陶瓷粉:17g,过硫酸铵:2.0g,通氮气体除氧,无氧氛围,75±2℃搅拌反应6h,将得到的产物用乙醇与氢氧化钠混合溶液搅拌洗涤12h,除去模板分子,干燥,即得多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂。
实施例3
(1)多孔陶瓷的制备:在研磨机,分别加入,陶瓷粉:38g,凹凸棒土粉:42g,碳粉:12g,酚醛树脂:8g,开启研磨机,研磨30 min,取出置于90℃烘箱,干燥8h,然后置于900℃高温炉中焙烧6 h,冷至室温,研磨至粉末状,得到多孔陶瓷粉,粒径在40~60目之间;
(2)氨基基化多孔陶瓷粉制备:在反应器中,分别加入,乙醇:73 mL,γ―氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷:24g,多孔陶瓷粉:18g,于65±2℃恒温、搅拌、回流反应4 h,反应完毕后,固液分离,用乙醇洗涤,干燥,得到氨基化多孔陶瓷粉;
(3)多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂制备:在反应器中,分别加入,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺:61mL,琥珀酰亚胺:20g,全氟辛烷磺酸:3.0g,氨基化多孔陶瓷粉:18g,过硫酸铵:1.0g,通氮气体除氧,无氧氛围,75±2℃搅拌反应6h,将得到的产物用乙醇与氢氧化钠混合溶液搅拌洗涤12h,除去模板分子,干燥,即得多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂。
实施例4
(1)多孔陶瓷的制备:在研磨机,分别加入,陶瓷粉:39g,凹凸棒土粉:39g,碳粉:11g,酚醛树脂:11g,开启研磨机,研磨30 min,取出置于90℃烘箱,干燥8h,然后置于900℃高温炉中焙烧6 h,冷至室温,研磨至粉末状,得到多孔陶瓷粉,粒径在40~60目之间;
(2)氨基基化多孔陶瓷粉制备:在反应器中,分别加入,乙醇:75 mL,γ―氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷:28g,多孔陶瓷粉:13g,于65±2℃恒温、搅拌、回流反应4 h,反应完毕后,固液分离,用乙醇洗涤,干燥,得到氨基化多孔陶瓷粉;
(3)多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂制备:在反应器中,分别加入,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺:66mL,琥珀酰亚胺:20g,全氟辛烷磺酸:1.0g,氨基化多孔陶瓷粉:13g,过硫酸铵:4.0g,通氮气体除氧,无氧氛围,75±2℃搅拌反应6h,将得到的产物用乙醇与氢氧化钠混合溶液搅拌洗涤12h,除去模板分子,干燥,即得多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂。
本发明制备多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂,对全氟辛烷磺酸其最大吸附容量为137.8 mg/g,最高吸附率可达96.8%。

Claims (7)

1.一种多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂的制备方法,特征在于,该方法具有以下工艺步骤:
(1)原料预处理:将废弃的陶瓷,进行粉碎,过160目筛,得到陶瓷粉;将凹凸棒土进行粉碎,过160目筛,得到凹凸棒土粉;
(2)多孔陶瓷的制备:在研磨机,按如下组成质量百分浓度加入,陶瓷粉:38~42%,凹凸棒土粉:38~42%,碳粉:8~12%,酚醛树脂:8~12%,各组分含量之和为百分之百,开启研磨机,研磨30 min,取出置于90℃烘箱,干燥8h,然后置于900℃高温炉中焙烧6 h,取出,冷至室温,研磨至粉末状,得到多孔陶瓷粉,粒径在40~60目之间;
(3)氨基基化多孔陶瓷粉制备:在反应器中,按如下组成质量百分浓度加入,乙醇:58~62%,γ―氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷:22~28%,多孔陶瓷粉:13~18%,各组分之和为百分之百,于65±2℃恒温、搅拌、回流反应4 h,反应完毕后,固液分离,用乙醇洗涤,干燥,得到氨基化多孔陶瓷粉;
(4)多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂制备:在反应器中,按如下组成质量百分浓度加入,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺:58~65%,琥珀酰亚胺:15~20%,全氟辛烷磺酸:1.0~3.0%,氨基化多孔陶瓷粉:12~18%,过硫酸铵:1.0~4.0%,各组分含量之和为百分之百,通氮气体除氧,无氧氛围,75±2℃搅拌反应6h,将得到的产物用乙醇与氢氧化钠混合溶液搅拌洗涤12h,除去模板分子,干燥,即得多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂的制备方法,特征在于,所述的陶瓷粉为废弃的建筑陶瓷或废弃日用陶瓷粉碎而得到的。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂的制备方法,特征在于,步骤(2)中所述的碳粉的粒径要小于50µm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂的制备方法,特征在于,步骤(2)中所述的陶瓷粉与凹凸棒土粉的质量比为1:1最优。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂的制备方法,特征在于,步骤(4)中所述的乙醇与氢氧化钠混合溶为无水乙醇与2mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液按体积为6:4混合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂的制备方法,特征在于,步骤(4)中所述的无氧氛围为聚合反应过程一直通入氮气气体。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂的制备方法所制备的多孔陶瓷表面全氟辛烷磺酸分子印迹吸附剂。
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