CN107120215A - 用于电动车辆的油维护策略 - Google Patents

用于电动车辆的油维护策略 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107120215A
CN107120215A CN201710091858.7A CN201710091858A CN107120215A CN 107120215 A CN107120215 A CN 107120215A CN 201710091858 A CN201710091858 A CN 201710091858A CN 107120215 A CN107120215 A CN 107120215A
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China
Prior art keywords
engine
oil quality
oil
heater
electric vehicle
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埃里克·唐纳茨拉
特德·哈拉戴纳
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M5/00—Heating, cooling, or controlling temperature of lubricant; Lubrication means facilitating engine starting
    • F01M5/001—Heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M31/02—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating
    • F02M31/12—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating electrically
    • F02M31/125—Fuel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M5/00—Heating, cooling, or controlling temperature of lubricant; Lubrication means facilitating engine starting
    • F01M5/02—Conditioning lubricant for aiding engine starting, e.g. heating
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
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    • Y10S903/951—Assembly or relative location of components

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

根据本发明的示例性方面的一种方法，除了别的以外包括选择性地给加热装置供电来以影响发动机油的油品质值的方式增加与车辆的发动机相关联的发动机油的加热。

Description

用于电动车辆的油维护策略
技术领域
本发明涉及一种车辆内的油维护策略。该示例性策略包括使加热装置致动来以影响发动机油的品质的方式增加电动车辆的发动机油的加热。
背景技术
减少汽车燃料消耗和排放的需要是众所周知的。因此，正在开发减少或完全消除依赖内燃发动机的车辆。电动车辆是目前为此目的正在开发的一种类型的车辆。通常，电动车辆不同于传统机动车辆，因为它们被一个或多个电池供电的电机选择性地驱动。相比之下，传统机动车辆仅依靠内燃发动机来驱动车辆。
污染物(比如油、气体和水)必须从内燃发动机的油中定期地去除，以实现有效操作和用于发动机保护。装备有内燃发动机的电动车辆(比如混合动力车辆)通常包括被动油指示部件(passive oil minder feature)，该被动油指示部件迫使内燃发动机进入到高功率操作中持续足够的持续时间以便帮助使污染物蒸发。强制发动机操作可能是不令人期望的并且是耗时的。
发明内容
根据本发明的示例性方面的一种方法，包括选择性地给加热装置供电来以影响发动机油的油品质值的方式增加与车辆的发动机相关联的发动机油的加热。
前述方法的又一非限制性实施例包括确定发动机油的所测量的油品质值。
任一前述方法的又一非限制性实施例包括基于内燃发动机的至少一个操作条件来估算所测量的油品质值。
任意前述方法的又一非限制性实施例包括基于内燃发动机的冷起动数来估算所测量的油品质值。
任意前述方法的又一非限制性实施例包括将所测量的油品质值与油品质目标值进行比较。
任意前述方法的又一非限制性实施例包括在所测量的油品质值超过油品质目标值的情况下，继续主动监测所测量的油品质值。
任意前述方法的又一非限制性实施例包括用电池组给加热装置供电。
任意前述方法的又一非限制性实施例包括通过以超过驾驶员需求功率的功率水平运行发动机并且然后利用过剩功率给加热装置供电来给加热装置供电。
任意前述方法的又一非限制性实施例包括打开阀以允许由加热装置加热的冷却剂被传送到发动机，以便加热发动机油。
任意前述方法的又一非限制性实施例包括在预定时间量之后关闭阀并且关闭加热装置。
根据本发明的另一示例性方面的一种方法，包括用由被配置为调节电动车辆的发动机的调节系统的加热装置产生的热量来加温发动机冷却剂，并且用发动机冷却剂将发动机油加温到足以从发动机油中去除污染物的温度。
前述方法的又一非限制性实施例包括打开调节系统的阀以将由加热装置加热的发动机冷却剂传送到发动机。
任一前述方法的又一非限制性实施例包括在加温发动机冷却剂之前将所测量的油品质值与油品质目标值进行比较。
任意前述方法的又一非限制性实施例包括在所测量的油品质值小于油品质目标值的情况下，加温发动机冷却剂。
任意前述方法的又一非限制性实施例包括在所测量的油品质值超过油品质目标值的情况下，在预定时间量之后关闭加热装置。
根据本发明的另一示例性方面的一种电动车辆，包括被配置为选择性地给一组驱动轮供电的电池组、被配置为选择性地给驱动轮提供动力的发动机、被配置为调节发动机的调节系统和被配置为控制调节系统以影响发动机的油的油品质值的控制系统。
前述电动车辆的又一非限制性实施例包括被配置为加热用来加热油的发动机冷却剂的加热装置。
任一前述电动车辆的又一非限制性实施例包括被配置为正温度系数(PCT)加热器的加热装置。
任意前述电动车辆的又一非限制性实施例包括被配置为打开阀并且使加热装置致动以影响油的油品质值的控制系统。
任意前述电动车辆的又一非限制性实施例包括主冷却剂回路和辅助冷却剂回路。
前述段落、权利要求或以下说明书和附图的实施例、示例和可选方案，包括任何它们的各种方面或各自单独特征，可以独立地或以任何组合来采用。与一个实施例有关描述的特征可应用于所有实施例，除非这些特征是不兼容的。
从具体实施方式，对于本领域的技术人员而言，所公开的示例的各种特征和优点将变得显而易见。伴随具体实施方式的附图可以简要描述如下。
附图说明
图1示意性地示出了电动车辆的动力传动系统；
图2示出了电动车辆的车辆系统；
图3示意性地示出了用于影响由电动车辆的发动机使用的发动机油的品质的控制策略；
图4是发动机油品质测量的图示。
具体实施方式
本发明详述了一种用于控制装备有发动机的车辆的示例性油维护策略。加热装置可以被选择性地供电以影响发动机油的油品质。一旦被致动，加热装置就产生热量，用于加温通过发动机的发动机冷却剂。发动机冷却剂通过发动机结构将热量发出到发动机油，以加温发动机油。以这种方式加温发动机油允许污染物从油中被清除(例如煮沸)，从而提高发动机油的油品质值。辅助加热装置的使用可以缩短油维护策略的持续时间，允许车辆更快地返回到正常操作模式。这些和其它特征在下面的该具体实施方式的段落中更详细地讨论。
图1示意性地示出了电动车辆12的动力传动系统10。在一个非限制性实施例中，电动车辆12是插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)。然而，其他电动车辆也可以受益于本发明的教导，包括但不限于，电池电动车辆(BEV)和混合动力电动车辆(HEV)。本发明的教导进一步适用于传统机动车辆。
在一个非限制性实施例中，动力传动系统10是采用第一驱动系统和第二驱动系统的动力分配动力传动系统。第一驱动系统可以包括发动机14和发电机18(即，第一电机)的组合。第二驱动系统至少包括马达22(即，第二电机)和电池组24。在该示例中，第二驱动系统被认为是动力传动系统10的电驱动系统。第一和第二驱动系统产生扭矩以驱动电动车辆12的一组或多组车辆驱动轮28。尽管示出了动力分配结构，但是本发明扩展到包括完全混合动力、并联混合动力、串联混合动力、轻度混合动力或微混合动力的任何混合动力或电动车辆。
发动机14——其在一个实施例中是内燃发动机——和发电机18可以通过动力传输单元30(比如行星齿轮组)连接。当然，其他类型的动力传输单元——包括其他齿轮组和变速器——可以用来将发动机14连接到发电机18。在一个非限制性实施例中，动力传输单元30是包括环形齿轮32、中心齿轮34和行星齿轮架总成36的行星齿轮组。
发电机18可以通过动力传输单元30被发动机14驱动以将动能转换成电能。发电机18可以供选择地作为马达运行来将电能转换成动能，从而输出扭矩到连接到动力传输单元30的轴38。因为发电机18可操作地连接到发动机14，所以发动机14的转速可以由发电机18控制。
动力传输单元30的环形齿轮32连接到轴40，轴40通过第二动力传输单元44连接到车辆驱动轮28。第二动力传输单元44可以包括具有多个齿轮46的齿轮组。其它动力传输单元也可以是合适的。齿轮46将扭矩从发动机14传递到差速器48以最终提供牵引力给车辆驱动轮28。差速器48可以包括使扭矩能够传递到车辆驱动轮28的多个齿轮。在一个实施例中，第二动力传输单元44通过差速器48机械地连接到车桥50以将扭矩分配到车辆驱动轮28。在一个实施例中，动力传输单元30、44是电动车辆12的驱动桥20的一部分。
马达22也可以通过输出扭矩到也连接到第二动力传输单元44的轴52用来驱动车辆驱动轮28。在一个实施例中，马达22是再生制动系统的一部分。例如，马达22可以各自输出电力到电池组24。
电池组24是示例性电动车辆电池。电池组24可以是高电压牵引电池组，其包括能够输出电力以操作电动车辆12的马达22、发电机18和/或其他电力负载的多个电池总成25(即，电池阵列或电池单元的组群)。其他类型的能量存储装置和/或输出装置也可以用来给电动车辆12电力地供电。
在一个非限制性实施例中，电动车辆12具有至少两种基本操作模式。电动车辆12可以在电动车辆(EV)模式下操作，其中使用马达22(通常在没有来自发动机14的帮助)用于车辆推进，从而消耗电池组24的荷电状态直到在某些驾驶模式/周期下的其最大可允许放电率。EV模式是电动车辆12的电荷消耗操作模式的示例。在EV模式期间，在一些情况下，例如由于一段时间的再生制动，电池组24的荷电状态可以增加。发动机14在默认EV模式下通常是关闭的，但是可以基于车辆系统状态根据需要或者如操作者所允许的那样进行操作。
电动车辆12可以额外地以混合动力(HEV)模式操作，其中发动机14和马达22都用于车辆推进。HEV模式是电动车辆12的电荷保持操作模式的示例。在HEV模式期间，电动车辆12可以减少马达22的推进使用，以便通过增加发动机14的推进来将电池组24的荷电状态保持在恒定或近似恒定的水平。除了在本发明的范围内的EV和HEV模式之外，电动车辆12可以在其它操作模式下操作。
电动车辆12还可以包括用于给电池组24的能量存储装置(例如，电池单元)充电的充电系统16。充电系统16可以连接到外部电源(例如，电网，未示出)，用于在整个车辆上接收且分配电力。充电系统16还可以装备有用来将从外部电源接收的交流(AC)电力转换为用于给电池组24的能量存储装置充电的直流(DC)电力的电力电子设备。充电系统16还可以容纳来自外部电源的一个或多个常规电压源(例如110伏、220伏等)。
图1所示的动力传动系统10是高度示意性的，并且不旨在限制本发明。在本发明的范围内，动力传动系统10可以供选择地或另外采用各种附加部件。
图2是可以由电动车辆(比如图1的电动车辆12)采用的车辆系统56的高度示意性描绘。车辆系统56的各种部件被示意性地示出，以更好地说明本发明的特征。然而，这些部件不一定在它们将在实际车辆中找到的确切位置中描述，并且不一定按比例示出。
车辆系统56适于以影响油58的油品质值的方式计划且实现发动机14的油58的调节(例如，加温)。油品质值是存在于油58中的污染物(比如燃料和水)的量的校准表示。在一个非限制性实施例中，将油58加热到所需温度以清洁污染物的油58。在某些车辆状况期间调节油58可以提高电动车辆12的燃料效率、耐久性、客户满意度和电动范围，同时提供其它潜在的益处。
在一个非限制性实施例中，示例性车辆系统56包括发动机14、调节系统60、高电压电池组24、充电系统16和控制模块76。发动机14可以是内燃发动机或任何其他类型的发动机。发动机14容纳并且循环具有最佳操作温度范围的油58，以使发动机14的各种部件润滑。
调节系统60被配置为热管理发动机14。在一个非限制性实施例中，调节系统60包括主冷却剂回路62和辅助冷却剂回路64。主冷却剂回路62和辅助冷却剂回路64各自例如用泵(未示出)循环冷却剂C。尽管未示出，但是调节系统60可以另外包括用于调节主冷却剂回路62和/或辅助冷却剂回路64内的冷却剂C的一个或多个热交换器。辅助冷却剂回路64可以被配置为增加发动机14的调节并且调节电动车辆12的内部舱室。在一些情况期间，过剩热量从发动机14传递到主冷却剂回路62内的冷却剂C。在其它情况期间，辅助冷却剂回路64流体连接到主冷却剂回路62，以通过将热从冷却剂C传递到油58中来加温发动机14的油58，如下面进一步所讨论的。
阀66控制辅助冷却剂回路64和主冷却剂回路62之间的冷却剂C的流动。例如，当阀66关闭时，辅助冷却剂回路64与主冷却剂回路62流体隔离或分离。阀66可以选择性地打开以流体连接或结合辅助冷却剂回路64和主冷却剂回路62。
加热装置68可以被定位在辅助冷却剂回路64内。加热装置68被配置为选择性地调节辅助冷却剂回路64内的冷却剂C，比如通过加温冷却剂C。在一个非限制性实施例中，加热装置68是定位为与冷却剂C直接接触的正温度系数(PTC)加热器。在另一非限制性实施例中，加热装置68是电动加热装置。在本发明的范围内也可以预期其它加热装置。
在一个非限制性实施例中，当车辆“插上”(即，当车辆关闭时插入外部电源70中)时，加热装置68通过电网供电。在另一非限制性实施例中，当车辆“断开”(即，从外部电源70拔出)时或在电动车辆12的操作期间，加热装置68通过电池组24供电。在又一非限制性实施例中，加热装置68通过独立的能量存储装置(比如单独的电池或特殊备用电源)供电。在又一非限制性实施例中，加热装置68通过以高于驾驶员需求功率操作发动机14并且利用过剩功率给加热装置68供电而不是将过剩功率发送到电池组24来进行供电。
电池组24可以包括一个或多个电池总成，每个电池总成具有多个电池单元或其他能量存储装置。电池组24的能量存储装置存储选择性地供应以给驻留在电动车辆12上的各种电力负载供电的电能。这些电力负载可以包括各种高电压负载(例如，电机等)或各种低电压负载(例如，照明系统、低电压电池、逻辑电路等)。
充电系统16可以包括位于电动车辆12上的充电端口72和可操作地连接在充电端口72和外部电源70之间的电源线(cordset)74。充电端口72适于通过电源线74选择性地从外部电源70接收能量，并且然后将能量供应给电池组24用于给电池单元充电。如果需要，充电系统16可以将从外部电源70接收的交流电转换为用于给高电压电池组24充电的直流电DC。充电系统16还被配置为建立用于给电池组24充电的最大可用充电电流以及其他操作参数。在一个非限制性实施例中，外部电源70包括非车载电源，比如公用电网/电网。
控制模块76可以是整个车辆控制单元(比如车辆系统控制器(VSC))的一部分，或者供选择地可以是与VSC分离的独立控制单元。在一个非限制性实施例中，控制模块76是电动车辆12的发动机控制模块(ECM)的一部分。控制模块76包括用于与车辆系统56的各种部件交互并且命令车辆系统56的各种部件的操作的可执行指令，车辆系统56的各种部件包括但不限于发动机14、电池组24、充电系统16、阀66和加热装置68。控制模块76可以包括用于与车辆系统56的各种部件交互的多个输入和输出。控制模块76可以另外包括处理单元和用于执行车辆系统56的各种控制策略和模式的一种或多种类型的存储器。
在一个非限制性实施例中，控制模块76被配置为选择性地打开阀66并且使加热装置68致动以增加发动机14的油58的加温。一旦阀66打开，来自辅助冷却剂回路64的加热的冷却剂C就与主冷却剂回路62的冷却剂C混合。加热装置68将附加热量添加到冷却剂C，该冷却剂C然后可以用来将油58加温到足以清洁污染物的油58的温度，从而加速油的升温时间。在另一非限制性实施例中，控制模块76被配置为使用加热装置68确定何时开始且停止调节发动机14。在又一非限制性实施例中，控制模块76被配置为确定何时开始且停止给电池组24充电，并且确定应该使用的充电率。这些仅是车辆系统56的控制模块76的许多功能的若干非限制性示例。
继续参照图1-2，图3示意性地示出了用于主动影响由电动车辆12的发动机14使用的油58的油品质的控制策略100。在油品质已下降到低于阈值之后通过从油58去除污染物来“影响”油品质。示例性控制策略100可以包括主动监测与油58相关联的油品质值，并且然后基于所监测的油品质值来调整调节系统60的操作。当然，在本发明的范围内，电动车辆12能够实施且执行其他控制策略。在一个非限制性实施例中，控制模块76用适于执行控制策略100或任何其它控制策略的一个或多个算法编程。在一个非限制性实施例中，控制策略100可以作为可执行指令存储在控制模块76的非易失性存储器中。
如图3所示，控制策略100在框102开始。在框104，控制模块76可以估算和/或测量电动车辆12的各种操作条件。例如，控制模块76可以从与车辆系统56相关联的一个或多个传感器接收感觉反馈。示例性操作条件包括，但不限于，发动机14温度、电池组24荷电状态(SOC)、环境条件等。
接下来，在框106，控制策略100可以确定油品质目标值Qtarget。油品质目标值Qtarget表示阈值，该阈值与所测量的油品质值Qmeas进行比较以确定发动机14的油58的油品质是否已恶化到需要校正动作的这样的水平。在一个非限制性实施例中，油品质目标值Qtarget是可以通常表示为数字1和10之间的整数的数值。油品质目标值Qtarget可以以任何值设置，并且是控制策略100的设计特定参数。在一个非限制性实施例中，油品质目标值Qtarget被存储在控制模块76的存储器中，比如在查找表内。在另一实施例中，油品质目标值Qtarget是可以基于环境温度、车辆速度等而变化的可变值。
接下来，在框108，可以测量或推断与由发动机14使用的油58相关联的所测量的油品质值Qmeas。所测量的油品质值Qmeas可以通常表示为0和10之间的整数，并且表示发动机油内的污染物的量的估算，例如，其中‘0’表示相对差的油品质，并且‘10’表示相对好的油品质。所测量的油品质值Qmeas可以基于电动车辆12的一个或多个操作条件来估算。在一个非限制性实施例中，操作条件包括发动机14的冷起动数(即，发动机14被迫运行的次数)。在本发明的范围内，所测量的油品质值Qmeas可以基于单个发动机参数或发动机参数的组合来估算。
图4中示出了所测量的油品质值Qmeas的示例性曲线图80。如图所示，所测量的油品质值Qmeas(在X轴上示出)可以是发动机冷起动数(在Y轴上示出)的函数。还如曲线图80所示，所测量的油品质值Qmeas随着冷起动数的增加而减小。换句话说，所测量的油品质值Qmeas与发动机冷起动数成反比。
再次参照图3，接下来在框110将所测量的油品质值Qmeas与油品质目标值Qtarget进行比较。如果所测量的油品质值Qmeas超过油品质目标值Qtarget，则控制策略100返回到框108并且主动继续监测所测量的油品质值Qmeas。
然而，如果在框110确定所测量的油品质值Qmeas小于油品质目标值Qtarget，表示油品质已下降到期望的品质阈值以下，则控制策略100可以进行到打开阀66的框112，从而流体连接调节系统60的主冷却剂回路62和辅助冷却剂回路64。在框114加热装置68通电，以增加发动机14的油58的加温。例如，加热装置68的致动使辅助冷却剂回路64中的冷却剂C加温，辅助冷却剂回路64通过打开阀66已流体连接到主冷却剂回路62。因此，加温的冷却剂C可以通过发动机14传送，用于将附加热量添加到油58。油58被加热到足以清洁污染物的油58的温度。在一个非限制性实施例中，由于通过加热装置68添加到冷却剂C的附加热量，污染物从油58煮沸出来。
在一个非限制性实施例中，加热装置68通过电池组24供电，比如在电动车辆12的行驶周期期间。在另一非限制性实施例中，加热装置68通过外部电源70供电，比如在插上的条件下，其中电源线74连接到充电端口72和外部电源70。以这种方式，无论电动车辆12当前是否在操作下，油58都可以清除污染物。
在可以在控制模块76中编程或存储在另一查找表中的预定时间量之后，在框116将所测量的油品质值Qmeas再次与油品质目标值Qtarget进行比较。如果所测量的油品质值Qmeas保持小于油品质目标值Qtarget，则控制策略100在框118通过用加热装置68加热冷却剂C继续加温油58。供选择地，如果在预定时间量之后确定所测量的油品质值Qmeas超过油品质目标值Qtarget，则在框120关闭阀66并且关闭加热装置68。控制策略100然后可以在框122结束。
尽管不同的非限制性实施例被示为具有特定部件或步骤，但是本发明的实施例不限于那些特定组合。使用与来自任何其它非限制性实施例的特征或部件结合的来自任何非限制性实施例的一些部件或特征是可能的。
应当理解的是，贯穿若干附图，相同的附图标记识别对应的或相似的元件。应当理解的是，尽管在这些示例性实施例中公开且示出了特定部件设置，但是其它设置也可以受益于本发明的教导。
前述描述应被解释为说明性的并且不具有任何限制性意义。本领域普通技术人员应当理解的是，某些修改可以在本发明的范围内。由于这些原因，所以应当研究以下权利要求来确定本发明的真实范围和内容。

Claims (20)

1.一种方法，包含：
选择性地给加热装置供电来以影响发动机油的油品质值的方式增加与车辆的发动机相关联的所述发动机油的加热。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，包含确定所述发动机油的所测量的油品质值。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其中确定所述所测量的油品质值包括基于所述内燃发动机的至少一个操作条件来估算所述所测量的油品质值。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法，其中所述至少一个操作条件是所述内燃发动机的冷起动数。
5.如权利要求2所述的方法，包含将所述所测量的油品质值与油品质目标值进行比较。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，包含在所述所测量的油品质值超过所述油品质目标值的情况下，继续主动监测所述所测量的油品质值。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述加热装置通过电池组供电。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述加热装置通过以超过驾驶员需求功率的功率水平运行所述发动机并且然后利用过剩功率给所述加热装置供电来进行供电。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法，包含打开阀以允许由所述加热装置加热的冷却剂被传送到所述发动机，以便加热所述发动机油。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法，包含在预定时间量之后关闭所述阀并且关闭所述加热装置。
11.一种方法，包含：
用由调节系统的加热装置产生的热量来加温发动机冷却剂，所述调节系统被配置为调节电动车辆的发动机；以及
用所述发动机冷却剂将发动机油加温到足以从所述发动机油中去除污染物的温度。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法，包含打开所述调节系统的阀以将由所述加热装置加热的所述发动机冷却剂传送到所述发动机。
13.如权利要求11所述的方法，包含在加温所述发动机冷却剂之前将所测量的油品质值与油品质目标值进行比较。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法，包含在所述所测量的油品质值小于所述油品质目标值的情况下，加温所述发动机冷却剂。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法，包含在所述所测量的油品质值超过所述油品质目标值的情况下，在预定时间量之后关闭所述加热装置。
16.一种电动车辆，包含：
电池组，所述电池组被配置为选择性地给一组驱动轮供电；
发动机，所述发动机被配置为选择性地给所述驱动轮提供动力；
调节系统，所述调节系统被配置为调节所述发动机；以及
控制系统，所述控制系统被配置为控制所述调节系统以影响所述发动机的油的油品质值。
17.如权利要求16所述的电动车辆，其中所述控制系统包括加热装置，所述加热装置被配置为加热发动机冷却剂，所述发动机冷却剂用来加热所述油。
18.如权利要求17所述的电动车辆，其中所述加热装置是正温度系数(PCT)加热器。
19.如权利要求16所述的电动车辆，其中所述控制系统被配置为打开阀并且使加热装置致动以影响所述油的所述油品质值。
20.如权利要求16所述的电动车辆，其中所述调节系统包括主冷却剂回路和辅助冷却剂回路。
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