CN107117040B - Control device and control method for driving and braking system of electric automobile - Google Patents

Control device and control method for driving and braking system of electric automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107117040B
CN107117040B CN201710238243.2A CN201710238243A CN107117040B CN 107117040 B CN107117040 B CN 107117040B CN 201710238243 A CN201710238243 A CN 201710238243A CN 107117040 B CN107117040 B CN 107117040B
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super capacitor
port
circuit
motor
phase
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CN107117040A (en
Inventor
盘朝奉
戴伟
陈燎
陈龙
江浩斌
徐兴
孙登辉
张厚忠
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Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • B60L7/14—Dynamic electric regenerative braking for vehicles propelled by ac motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2009—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • B60L7/16—Dynamic electric regenerative braking for vehicles comprising converters between the power source and the motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a control device and a control method for a driving and braking system of an electric automobile, which comprise the following steps: the device comprises a motor controller, a three-phase motor, a diode, a rectifying circuit, a super capacitor, a power battery, a thyristor trigger circuit, an inductor and a relay. When the voltage of the end of the super capacitor is lower than the voltage between the base electrode and the collector electrode of the triode, the relay is disconnected, and the super capacitor is driven by the power battery alone. When braking, the three-phase electricity of the motor directly charges the super capacitor through the rectifier circuit consisting of the thyristor and the diode of the inductor. The invention can reduce the energy output of the power battery during driving and prevent the discharge of the super capacitor during low voltage, and the rectifier circuit with the thyristor can reduce the consumption of recovered energy during braking.

Description

Control device and control method for driving and braking system of electric automobile
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pure electric vehicle driving and regenerative braking control, in particular to pure electric vehicle composite power supply driving and braking.
Background
With the increasing severity of energy crisis and environmental pollution, electric vehicles have received great attention from the industry and great support from government departments due to their advantages of energy conservation, environmental protection, high energy conversion efficiency, and the like. Compared with the traditional vehicle, the pure electric vehicle has an absolute advantage, can realize regenerative braking and recover partial energy.
So far, many electric vehicles are driven by a single battery, and when the vehicle needs to accelerate or go up a slope, the large current of the battery is needed to discharge, which directly affects the battery to a certain extent, and reduces the service life of the battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a control device suitable for a driving and braking system of an electric automobile, which realizes the following technical scheme:
a control device for an electric vehicle drive and brake system, comprising: the system comprises a motor controller, a three-phase motor, a diode D, a rectifying circuit, a super capacitor, a power battery and a relay KT;
the motor controller is connected with the motor; the super capacitor is connected with the relay in series to form a first series circuit; the first series circuit is connected with the diode D in parallel to form a first parallel circuit; the first parallel circuit is connected with the power battery in series to form a second series circuit; the second series circuit is connected with the motor controller; the rectifying circuit is connected in parallel at two ends of the super capacitor; and the output three-phase wire of the three-phase motor is connected with the rectification circuit.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a power battery: used as the main power source when driving;
super capacitor: the energy recovery device is used as an auxiliary power source during driving and as an energy recovery device during braking;
a motor controller: the function is to control the rotation of the three-phase motor;
three-phase motor: the super capacitor is used for driving the electric automobile and charging the super capacitor as a three-phase power supply during braking;
the diode D is used for preventing the self-charging phenomenon of the super capacitor and only allowing the power battery to drive independently when the terminal voltage of the super capacitor is lower;
a rectifier circuit: the function of the brake is to change the three-phase electricity of the motor into direct current to be charged into the super capacitor during braking;
furthermore, the anode of the super capacitor is connected with the cathode of the diode D, and the cathode of the super capacitor is connected with the anode of the diode D, so that the self-charging phenomenon of the super capacitor is prevented, and the battery is only allowed to be driven independently when the voltage of the super capacitor is reduced to the voltage drop of the two ends of the diode.
Furthermore, the rectifying circuit is formed by connecting 3 bridge arms in parallel, each bridge arm comprises a diode and a thyristor which are connected in series, each phase of three-phase electricity of the motor is electrically connected to one of the bridge arms, and the output of the rectifying circuit is respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of the super capacitor.
Further, the thyristor is driven by the thyristor trigger circuit to control the on and off of the thyristor. The thyristor trigger circuit is composed of a chip MOC3061, wherein a port 1 of the MOC3061 is connected with a PWM signal, a port 2 is grounded, a port 4 is connected with one phase of three-phase electricity of the motor, a port 6 is connected with a G pole signal of the thyristor, ports 3 and 5 are not connected, and the PWM signal is controlled by the singlechip.
Furthermore, the three-phase electric wire is connected with the rectifying circuit through 3 inductors, the inductors are respectively L1, L2 and L3, the 3 inductors are respectively connected between each phase of the motor and a rectifying bridge arm, peak current in the braking process is limited, and smoothness of the braking current is guaranteed.
Furthermore, the relay adopts a normally open relay, and is connected in series with the super capacitor in a circuit, when the terminal voltage of the super capacitor is reduced to the voltage between the base electrode and the collector electrode of the triode, the relay is disconnected, and the super capacitor does not participate in driving discharge.
Based on the device, the invention provides a control method for a driving and braking system of an electric automobile, which comprises the following steps:
when the automobile is braked, the motor controller acquires braking information of the automobile through a brake pedal, at the moment, a system braking part consists of a three-phase motor, a rectifying circuit and a super capacitor, and three-phase power generated by the three-phase motor in the braking process is rectified by the rectifying circuit and then is charged into the super capacitor for storage;
when the automobile is driven, the motor controller acquires driving information of the automobile through an accelerator pedal, and at the moment, a driving part of the system consists of a three-phase motor, a power battery, a motor controller, a diode D and a super capacitor; when the terminal voltage of the super capacitor is larger than the voltage drop of the two ends of the diode D, the super capacitor and the power battery drive the electric automobile together, and when the terminal voltage of the super capacitor is smaller than the voltage drop of the two ends of the diode D, the power battery drives the electric automobile independently.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
when the super capacitor is driven, the super capacitor and the power battery can drive the electric automobile together, the energy output of the power battery is reduced, when the terminal voltage of the super capacitor is lower, the discharge of the super capacitor at the low voltage can be prevented, and meanwhile, the reverse charging phenomenon of the diode to the super capacitor when the terminal voltage of the super capacitor is lower can be prevented. And when braking, the rectifier circuit with the thyristor can reduce the consumption of recovered energy.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural view of a control apparatus suitable for a driving and braking system of an electric vehicle;
FIG. 2 is a structural view of rectification and recovery in a control device suitable for an electric vehicle driving and braking system;
FIG. 3 is a structural view of a driving portion of a control apparatus for a driving and braking system of an electric vehicle;
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a thyristor trigger circuit of a control device suitable for an electric vehicle driving and braking system;
fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of a relay control circuit of a control device suitable for a driving and braking system of an electric vehicle.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the apparatus of the present invention comprises: the motor control device comprises a motor controller, a three-phase motor, a diode, a rectifying circuit, a super capacitor, a power battery, a thyristor trigger circuit, an inductor and a relay KT. The super capacitor is connected with the diode in parallel, the power battery is connected with the diode and the super capacitor in series, in the driving process, when the terminal voltage of the super capacitor is larger than the voltage drop of the two ends of the diode, the super capacitor and the power battery drive the electric automobile together, and when the terminal voltage of the super capacitor is smaller than the voltage drop of the two ends of the diode, the power battery drives the electric automobile independently. In the braking process, the three-phase power of the motor does not pass through a motor controller and directly enters a rectifier bridge to be rectified and charged into the super capacitor.
As shown in fig. 2, the braking part of the system is composed of only the motor, the rectifier bridge and the super capacitor, and the three-phase electricity generated by the motor in the braking process is directly rectified into direct current through the rectifier bridge and then flows into the super capacitor.
As shown in fig. 3, the driving part of the system is composed of a motor, a power battery, a motor controller, a diode and a super capacitor. When the terminal voltage of the super capacitor is larger than the voltage drop of the two ends of the diode, the super capacitor and the power battery drive the electric automobile together, and when the terminal voltage of the super capacitor is smaller than the voltage drop of the two ends of the diode, the power battery drives the electric automobile independently.
As shown in fig. 4, the thyristor trigger circuit is composed of a chip MOC3061, wherein a port 1 of the MOC3061 is connected with a PWM signal and is triggered by the PWM signal, a port 2 is grounded, a port 4 is connected with one phase of three-phase power of the motor, a port 6 is connected with a G-pole signal of the thyristor, ports 3 and 5 are not connected, and the PWM signal is provided by the single chip microcomputer.
As shown in fig. 5, the relay is controlled to be closed and opened through the MOC3061, when the terminal voltage of the super capacitor is greater than the rated voltage between the base electrode and the collector electrode of the triode, at this time, the port 1 and the port 2 of the MOC3061 are conducted, meanwhile, the port 3 and the port 6 of the MOC3061 are conducted, the relay is in a closed state, the super capacitor and the power battery drive the electric automobile together, when the terminal voltage of the super capacitor is less than the rated voltage between the base electrode and the collector electrode of the triode, at this time, the port 1 and the port 2 of the MOC3061 are not conducted, at the same time, the port 3 and the port 6 of the MOC3061 are not conducted, the relay is in a normally open state.
The above-listed detailed description is only a specific description of a possible embodiment of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A control method for an electric vehicle drive and brake system, comprising:
when the automobile is braked, the motor controller acquires braking information of the automobile through a brake pedal, at the moment, a system braking part consists of a three-phase motor, a rectifying circuit and a super capacitor, and three-phase power generated by the three-phase motor in the braking process is rectified by the rectifying circuit and then is charged into the super capacitor for storage;
when the automobile is driven, the motor controller acquires driving information of the automobile through an accelerator pedal, and at the moment, a driving part of the system consists of a three-phase motor, a power battery, a motor controller, a diode D and a super capacitor; when the terminal voltage of the super capacitor is greater than the voltage drop of the two ends of the diode D, the super capacitor and the power battery drive the electric automobile together, and when the terminal voltage of the super capacitor is less than the voltage drop of the two ends of the diode D, the power battery drives the electric automobile independently;
the method is completed based on the following control device, and the control device comprises: the system comprises a motor controller, a three-phase motor, a diode D, a rectifying circuit, a super capacitor, a power battery and a relay KT;
the motor controller is connected with the motor; the super capacitor is connected with the relay in series to form a first series circuit; the first series circuit is connected with the diode D in parallel to form a first parallel circuit; the first parallel circuit is connected with the power battery in series to form a second series circuit; the second series circuit is connected with the motor controller; the rectifying circuit is connected in parallel at two ends of the super capacitor; the output three-phase wire of the three-phase motor is connected with the rectifying circuit;
the rectifier circuit comprises 3 bridge arms which are mutually connected in parallel, each bridge arm comprises a diode and a thyristor which are connected in series, three-phase electricity of the motor is respectively connected to the 3 bridge arms through inductors, and the output of the rectifier circuit is connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the super capacitor;
the thyristor trigger circuit is also included; the thyristor triggering circuit is composed of a chip MOC3061, wherein a port 1 of the MOC3061 is connected with a PWM signal, a port 2 is grounded, a port 4 is connected with one phase of three-phase power of the motor, a port 6 is connected with a G pole signal of the thyristor, and a port 3 is not connected with a port 5;
also comprises 3 inductors; the three-phase electric wires are connected to the rectifying circuit through the inductors respectively;
the closing and opening of the relay is controlled by the MOC 3061: when the terminal voltage of the super capacitor is greater than the rated voltage between the base electrode and the collector electrode of the triode, at the moment, a port 1 and a port 2 of the MOC3061 are conducted, meanwhile, a port 3 and a port 6 of the MOC3061 are conducted, and the relay is in a closed state; when the terminal voltage of the super capacitor is smaller than the rated voltage between the base electrode and the collector electrode of the triode, the port 1 and the port 2 of the MOC3061 are not conducted, meanwhile, the port 3 and the port 6 of the MOC3061 are not conducted, and the relay is in a normally open state.
CN201710238243.2A 2017-04-13 2017-04-13 Control device and control method for driving and braking system of electric automobile Active CN107117040B (en)

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CN110803033A (en) * 2018-08-02 2020-02-18 上海汽车集团股份有限公司 Vehicle starting system and new energy vehicle
CN110239354A (en) * 2019-05-07 2019-09-17 江苏大学 A kind of Passive serial composite power source brake energy recovering system
CN110435436A (en) * 2019-08-20 2019-11-12 孙道斌 A kind of electric vehicle energy recycling continuation of the journey device based on bi-motor
CN115071450A (en) * 2022-08-03 2022-09-20 盐城工学院 Closed-loop control parallel composite power supply braking energy recovery control system and working method thereof

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US7427450B2 (en) * 2004-12-10 2008-09-23 General Motors Corporation Hybrid fuel cell system with battery capacitor energy storage system
CN201153217Y (en) * 2007-12-26 2008-11-19 西安交通大学 Energy regenerating charging equipment for electric golf trolley
CN101711067A (en) * 2009-07-17 2010-05-19 罗宏基 LED electroluminescence circuit
CN101605412A (en) * 2009-07-17 2009-12-16 罗宏基 The LED electrified light emitting circuit
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CN102139695B (en) * 2011-03-02 2015-07-08 天津市松正电动汽车技术股份有限公司 Energy management system for electric automobile and management method therefor
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CN103072488B (en) * 2013-01-31 2015-06-10 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 Composite power source
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