CN104648166A - Vehicle-mounted composite power supply regenerative braking energy recovery system and method - Google Patents

Vehicle-mounted composite power supply regenerative braking energy recovery system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104648166A
CN104648166A CN201410760105.7A CN201410760105A CN104648166A CN 104648166 A CN104648166 A CN 104648166A CN 201410760105 A CN201410760105 A CN 201410760105A CN 104648166 A CN104648166 A CN 104648166A
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China
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ultracapacitor
inductance
permanent magnet
braking energy
energy
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CN201410760105.7A
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Chinese (zh)
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孙涛
孙玉坤
王琪
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Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72Electric energy management in electromobility

Abstract

The invention discloses a vehicle-mounted composite power supply regenerative braking energy recovery system and method. A supercapacitor and a bi-directional DC/DC converter are connected in series to form an auxiliary energy source. A storage battery and a normally closed relay are connected in series to form a main energy source. The main energy source and the auxiliary energy source are connected in parallel with the output end of a permanent magnet brush direct current motor. The output end of a single chip microcomputer is connected to the bi-directional DC/DC converter. The bi-directional DC/DC converter is composed of an inductor L, IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) tubes S1, S2 and S3 and diodes D1, D2 and D3. When a vehicle is in normal running, the relay is in a normally closed state, the normally closed relay is cut off to cut off the connection between the storage battery and the permanent magnet brush direct current motor after a brake pedal acts, and the permanent magnet brush direct current motor feeds regenerative braking energy back to the supercapacitor through the bi-directional DC/DC converter. The vehicle-mounted composite power supply regenerative braking energy recovery system and method can make full use of the situation that the counter potential of the permanent magnet brush direct current motor is lower than the braking energy of the supercapacitor voltage end in a braking process to effectively improve the recovery efficiency of the regenerative braking energy.

Description

A kind of vehicle-mounted composite power source regenerative braking energy reclaiming system and method
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of hybrid electric vehicles, be specifically related to composite power source regenerative braking energy reclaiming system and the method for hybrid vehicle.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of auto-industry, energy problem and environmental problem have become the focus of global concern.In this context, it is one of popular that the vehicle-mounted composite power source be made up of the ultracapacitor of high-energy-density storage battery and high-specific-power becomes current research.Present stage, vehicle-mounted composite power source regenerative braking energy reclaiming system needed the problem solved to be mainly reflected in: in the scope permitted of vehicle body sum cost, how to realize reclaiming safely and fast regenerating braking energy; How to improve regenerating braking energy organic efficiency at different conditions.
Existing brake energy recovering system, storage battery is connected with automobile motor by normal power device, and is connected with automobile motor by ultracapacitor with the two-way DC/DC changer of non-isolated half-bridge structure; The defect of this brake energy recovering system is: one is, power device needs to be equipped with corresponding control module undoubtedly, and power device itself exists waste of power; Two are, two-way DC/DC changer can only carry out step-down charging and step-up discharge to super capacitor, when automobile motor counter potential cannot reclaim braking energy lower than during super capacitor terminal voltage.
Chinese Patent Application No. is 201210116154.8, name is called that " composite supply control system based on synchronous rectification Buck-Boost two-way DC/DC changer " proposes the two-way DC/DC changer of a kind of four N-channel MOS pipes and an energy storage inductor composition, wherein four N-channel MOS pipes form half-bridge structure between two, and energy storage inductor is connected on the centre of two half-bridge structures respectively.Although the two-way DC/DC changer of this structure can realize carrying out buck discharge and recharge to ultracapacitor, braking energy when counter electromotive force of motor is lower is utilized, but more complicated to the control of four metal-oxide-semiconductors, and power tube itself also can produce power loss.Chinese Patent Application No. is 201410293988.5, name is called that " the electronlmobil composite power source of a kind of N-PMOS switch decoupling zero and energy control method " proposes a kind of two-way DC/DC changer using three power tube compositions, although the quantity of power tube is reduced, but this kind of structure is only applicable to the situation of super-capacitor voltage grade higher than storage battery, because super-capacitor voltage grade can bring the increase of cost and the potential safety hazard of automobile energy supplying system higher than storage battery, actual production and less use in testing.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve above-mentioned prior art Problems existing, there is provided a kind of and control the vehicle-mounted composite power source regenerative braking energy reclaiming system simple, cost is little, energy consumption is little and method, when automobile motor counter potential also can reclaim braking energy lower than during super capacitor terminal voltage, improve regenerating braking energy organic efficiency.
The technical scheme that a kind of vehicle-mounted composite power source regenerative braking energy reclaiming system of the present invention adopts is: comprise storage battery, ultracapacitor and micro controller system, ultracapacitor and two-way DC/DC changer auxiliary energy source in series, storage battery and normally closed relay primary energy source in series, primary energy source and auxiliary energy source are connected in parallel on the mouth of permanent magnet brush DC machine, mouth for detecting the current sensor of the charging current of ultracapacitor in braking procedure connects an input end of micro controller system, another input end of micro controller system connects the displacement pickup for detecting the displacement that brake pedal produces, the mouth of micro controller system connects two-way DC/DC changer, described two-way DC/DC changer is managed by inductance L, IGBT , , , diode , , form, described inductance L is serially connected in the right side of ultracapacitor, and IGBT manages with diode reverse parallel connection is placed on the right side of inductance L and in parallel with ultracapacitor and inductance L, IGBT manages with diode reverse parallel connection is placed on the right side of inductance L and is connected in series with permanent magnet brush DC machine, and IGBT manages with diode reverse parallel connection is placed on the left side of inductance L and in parallel with ultracapacitor.
The technical scheme that the regenerating braking energy recovery method of a kind of vehicle-mounted composite power source regenerative braking energy reclaiming system of the present invention adopts is: normal vehicle operation process repeat circuit is in normally off, after brake pedal action, normally closed relay disconnects, cut off the connection of storage battery and permanent magnet brush DC machine, the counter potential of permanent magnet brush DC machine lower than ultracapacitor terminal voltage, permanent magnet brush DC machine by two-way DC/DC changer to ultracapacitor feedback regenerating braking energy.
Further, the permanent magnet brush DC machine in the present invention by two-way DC/DC changer to ultracapacitor feedback regenerating braking energy time, micro controller system output signal control IGBT manages be in off state, IGBT pipe be in conducting state, IGBT pipe all the time with certain duty cycle; When IGBT pipe be in thermal energy storage process when being in conducting state, permanent magnet brush DC machine counter potential is added in inductance L, inductance L electric current linear growth, diode be in reverse blocking state; When IGBT pipe be in exoergic process when being in off state, winding back emf and inductance L release energy to load simultaneously.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. the present invention utilizes the large physical property of ultracapacitor specific power to reclaim fast regenerating braking energy, relay and two-way DC/DC changer is utilized to increase the voltage range of permanent magnet brush DC machine regenerating braking energy recovery, by normally closed relay, storage battery and permanent magnet brush DC machine are disconnected in braking procedure, permanent magnet brush DC machine can be made to charge to super capacitor within the scope of larger brake voltage.
2. the closed type direct current electromagnetic relay power consumption in the present invention is extremely low, without the need to control chip, directly uses microcontroller power supply to be coil power supply, easy to use.
3. the two-way DC/DC changer of three power tubes compositions in the present invention, by controlling limited power device, can to make full use of in braking procedure permanent magnet brush DC machine counter potential lower than braking energy during super capacitor terminal voltage.
4. the regenerative braking energy reclaiming system structure in the present invention and control simple, effectively improves regenerating braking energy organic efficiency, increasing storage battery service life and vehicle continual mileage.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of a kind of vehicle-mounted composite power source brake energy recovering system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the circuit structure diagram of vehicle-mounted composite power source module in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 be in braking procedure winding back emf higher than DC/DC changer pull up circuit schematic diagram two-way during super capacitor terminal voltage;
Fig. 4 be in braking procedure winding back emf lower than DC/DC changer pull up circuit schematic diagram two-way during super capacitor terminal voltage.
In figure: 1. storage battery; 2. ultracapacitor; 3. two-way DC/DC changer; 4. relay; 5. permanent magnet brush DC machine; 6. brake pedal; 7. current sensor; 8. displacement pickup; 9. micro controller system.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
The vehicle-mounted composite power source regenerative braking energy reclaiming system of one provided by the invention as shown in Figure 1, comprising: the DC/DC module in storage battery 1, ultracapacitor 2, two-way DC/DC changer 3(and Fig. 1), relay 4, permanent magnet brush DC machine 5, displacement pickup 8 and micro controller system 9.The mouth of permanent magnet brush DC machine 5 connects two-way DC/DC changer 3 and relay 4 respectively, ultracapacitor 2 and two-way DC/DC changer 3 auxiliary energy source in series, storage battery 1 and relay 4 primary energy source in series, primary energy source and auxiliary energy source are connected in parallel on the mouth of permanent magnet brush DC machine 5, and the parallel connection of two-way energy source can or be powered to permanent magnet brush DC machine 5 separately simultaneously.Mouth for detecting the charging current current sensor 7 of ultracapacitor 2 in braking procedure connects an input end of micro controller system 9, another input end of micro controller system 9 connects the displacement pickup 8 for detecting the displacement that brake pedal 6 produces, the mouth of micro controller system 9 connects two-way DC/DC changer 3, and two-way DC/DC changer 3 is three power tube structures.
Storage battery 1 is lead-acid battery or Ni-MH battery or lithium ion battery, has the advantages that energy density is high, service life cycle is short, power density is relatively low, and storage battery 1 is permanent magnet brush DC machine 5 energy supply by relay 4; Ultracapacitor 2 is double layer capacitor, has the features such as power density is high, relative energy density is low, fast charging and discharging; Ultracapacitor 2 voltage class is lower than storage battery 1 voltage; Relay 4 is normally closed relay, normally off is in normal vehicle operation process, when relay 4 action after the signal receiving brake pedal 6 action, cut off storage battery 1 and the connection of permanent magnet brush DC machine 5, permanent magnet brush DC machine 5 can be charged to ultracapacitor 2 lower than when ultracapacitor 2 terminal voltage at counter potential.The charging current of ultracapacitor 2 in the braking procedure detected is converted into electric signal and is sent in micro controller system 9 by current sensor 7; Whether displacement pickup 8 produces displacement to judge the braking intention of chaufeur for detecting brake pedal 6, and the displacement of brake pedal 6 is converted into electric signal and is sent in micro controller system 9; Micro controller system 9 receives the electric signal from displacement pickup 8 and current sensor 7, according to the parameter of electric machine and automobile parameter, the electric signal of displacement pickup 8 is converted to ultracapacitor 2 reference charge current value, controlled by C language programming realization PI, export pwm pulse and control two-way DC/DC changer 3.
In braking procedure, current sensor 7 detects ultracapacitor 2 charging current, and electric signal is sent to micro controller system 9; Displacement pickup 8 detects the displacement of brake pedal 6, electric signal is sent to micro controller system 9.After brake pedal 6 action, normally closed relay 4 disconnects, permanent magnet brush DC machine 5 preferential by two-way DC/DC changer 3 to ultracapacitor 2 feedback regenerating braking energy; When the SOC of ultracapacitor 2 reaches about 90%, normally closed relay 4 recovers closure state, and magneto-electric machine 5 starts to storage battery 1 feedback energy.When braking starts, feedback current is comparatively large, preferentially storage battery 1 can be avoided to be subject to heavy current impact to ultracapacitor 2 feeding braking energy back, and ultracapacitor 2 can provide momentary high power for automobile starting next time or acceleration simultaneously.
Fig. 2 is vehicle-mounted composite power source structure by the present invention is carried, and in figure, UC represents that ultracapacitor 2, Batt represents storage battery 1; the internal resistance of storage battery 1, it is the internal resistance of ultracapacitor 2; K is normally closed relay 4; L is inductance, is serially connected in the right side of ultracapacitor 2, , , for IGBT pipe, , , manage with IGBT respectively , with the diode of reverse parallel connection, is managed by inductance L, IGBT , IGBT pipe , IGBT pipe , diode , diode and diode two-way DC/DC changer 3 together in pie graph 1.IGBT manages with diode reverse parallel connection is placed on the right side of inductance L and is parallel-connection structure with ultracapacitor 2 and inductance L; IGBT manages with diode reverse parallel connection is placed on the right side of inductance L and is connected in series with permanent magnet brush DC machine 5.IGBT manages with diode reverse parallel connection is placed on the left side of inductance L and is parallel-connection structure with ultracapacitor 2.Storage battery 1, ultracapacitor 2 and two-way DC/DC changer 3 form vehicle-mounted composite power source module.
The two-way DC/DC changer of at present conventional non-isolation type half-bridge structure general only by L, , , with form, inductance L is in input side, is connected in series with ultracapacitor; with reverse parallel connection is placed on the right side of inductance L, and is parallel-connection structure with super capacitor and inductance; with reverse parallel connection is placed on the right side of inductance L, is connected in series with motor load, and conducting direction points to load end by super capacitor end; Conventional this structure is managed owing to lacking power tube IGBT the diode of reverse parallel connection with it , therefore can only realize ultracapacitor step-up discharge and step-down charging, in braking procedure, permanent magnet brush DC machine counter potential cannot reclaim lower than braking energy during ultracapacitor terminal voltage.Two-way DC/DC changer 3 in the present invention adds a power tube on the basis of original non-isolation type half-bridge structure, and the IGBT newly increased manages be placed on the left of inductance L, in parallel with ultracapacitor 2, be functionally equivalent to the combination of buck and boost changer, the function to ultracapacitor 3 step-up discharge and the charging of ascending, descending pressure can be realized.When in automobile positive driving process, compared with two-way DC/DC transformer configuration control method conventional at present, micro controller system 9 needs control IGBT simultaneously to manage with turn off, make IGBT manage with certain duty cycle, for flywheel diode.When IGBT pipe when being in conducting state, circuit is in the process of energy storage, and now ultracapacitor 2 terminal voltage is added in inductance L, the electric current linear growth of inductance L; IGBT manages when being in off state, circuit is in the process releasing energy, and now ultracapacitor 2 and inductance L pass through flywheel diode release energy to motor load simultaneously.The process of automobile brake can be divided into permanent magnet brush DC machine 5 counter potential higher than ultracapacitor 2 terminal voltage stage and permanent magnet brush DC machine 5 counter potential lower than two stages of ultracapacitor 2 terminal voltage.Specifically:
When permanent magnet brush DC machine 5 counter potential higher than DC/DC changer 3 principle of work two-way during ultracapacitor 2 terminal voltage as shown in Figure 3.The feedback of this graduated application energy controls similar to non-isolation type half-bridge structure two-way DC/DC changer conventional at present, but more simple compared with the two-way DC/DC changer of the four power tube structures mentioned in background technology.Micro controller system 9 output pwm signal control IGBT manages with be in off state, control IGBT manages with certain duty cycle, now circuit is in step-down mode of operation.When IGBT pipe when being in conducting state, winding back emf passes through be added to inductance L and ultracapacitor 2 two ends, now diode with bear reverse cut-off voltage; When IGBT pipe when being in off state, the electric current of inductance L passes through diode continue circulation and constantly reduce, now diode still be in reverse blocking state.
When permanent magnet brush DC machine 5 counter potential is lower than ultracapacitor 2 terminal voltage, two-way DC/DC changer 3 principle of work as shown in Figure 4.Micro controller system 9 output pwm signal control IGBT manages be in off state, IGBT manages be in conducting state all the time, control IGBT manages with certain duty cycle, now circuit is in boost operating mode.When IGBT pipe when being in conducting state, circuit is in the process of energy storage, and now permanent magnet brush DC machine 5 counter potential is added in inductance L, inductance L electric current linear growth, diode be in reverse blocking state; IGBT manages when being in off state, circuit is in the process releasing energy, and now winding back emf and inductance L release energy to load simultaneously.Two-way DC/DC changer conventional is at present owing to lacking reverse boost power device , therefore can not realize the recovery of this graduated application energy.
Ultracapacitor 2 is connected as the auxiliary energy supplying system of vehicle with two-way DC/DC changer 3 by vehicle-mounted composite power source regenerative braking energy reclaiming system of the present invention, using storage battery 1 and the main energy supplying system of closed type electromagnetic relay 4 cascaded structure as vehicle.Two-way DC/DC changer 3 increases by a power tube on the left of the inductance of non-isolated half-bridge topology conventional at present, and component number is few, cheap, fully can reclaim winding back emf lower than braking energy during super-capacitor voltage.Still can to ultracapacitor 2 feeding braking energy back when when the structure that storage battery 1 is connected with closed type electromagnetic relay 4 achieves braking, permanent magnet brush DC machine is under counter potential is lower than storage battery 1 terminal voltage, and control simple, power consumption is extremely low, improves Brake energy recovery rate.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not thereby limit the scope of the invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a vehicle-mounted composite power source regenerative braking energy reclaiming system, comprise storage battery (1), ultracapacitor (2) and micro controller system (9), it is characterized in that: ultracapacitor (2) and two-way DC/DC changer (3) auxiliary energy source in series, storage battery (1) and normally closed relay (4) primary energy source in series, primary energy source and auxiliary energy source are connected in parallel on the mouth of permanent magnet brush DC machine (5), mouth for detecting the current sensor (7) of the charging current of ultracapacitor in braking procedure (2) connects an input end of micro controller system (9), another input end of micro controller system (9) connects the displacement pickup (8) for detecting the displacement that brake pedal (6) produces, the mouth of micro controller system (9) connects two-way DC/DC changer (3), described two-way DC/DC changer (3) is managed by inductance L, IGBT , , , diode , , form, described inductance L is serially connected in the right side of ultracapacitor (2), and IGBT manages with diode reverse parallel connection is placed on the right side of inductance L and in parallel with ultracapacitor (2) and inductance L, IGBT manages with diode reverse parallel connection is placed on the right side of inductance L and is connected in series with permanent magnet brush DC machine (5), and IGBT manages with diode reverse parallel connection is placed on the left side of inductance L and in parallel with ultracapacitor (2).
2. vehicle-mounted composite power source regenerative braking energy reclaiming system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: storage battery (1) is lead-acid battery or Ni-MH battery or lithium ion battery, and ultracapacitor (2) is double layer capacitor.
3. the regenerating braking energy recovery method of a vehicle-mounted composite power source regenerative braking energy reclaiming system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: normal vehicle operation process repeat circuit (4) is in normally off, after brake pedal (6) action, normally closed relay (4) disconnects, cut off the connection of storage battery (1) and permanent magnet brush DC machine (5), the counter potential of permanent magnet brush DC machine (5) is lower than ultracapacitor (2) terminal voltage, permanent magnet brush DC machine (5) by two-way DC/DC changer (3) to ultracapacitor (2) feedback regenerating braking energy.
4. regenerating braking energy recovery method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: permanent magnet brush DC machine (5) by two-way DC/DC changer (3) to ultracapacitor (2) feedback regenerating braking energy time, micro controller system (9) output signal control IGBT manages be in off state, IGBT pipe be in conducting state, IGBT pipe all the time with certain duty cycle; When IGBT pipe be in thermal energy storage process when being in conducting state, permanent magnet brush DC machine (5) counter potential is added in inductance L, inductance L electric current linear growth, diode be in reverse blocking state; When IGBT pipe be in exoergic process when being in off state, winding back emf and inductance L release energy to load simultaneously.
5. regenerating braking energy recovery method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: when the SOC of ultracapacitor (2) reaches 90%, and relay (4) recovers closure state, and magneto-electric machine (5) is to storage battery (1) feedback energy.
6. regenerating braking energy recovery method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: when vehicle forward travel, and micro controller system (9) control IGBT manages , turn off, IGBT manages with certain duty cycle; When IGBT pipe be in thermal energy storage process when being in conducting state, ultracapacitor (2) terminal voltage is added in inductance L, the electric current linear growth of inductance L; When IGBT pipe be in exoergic process when being in off state, ultracapacitor (2) and inductance L pass through diode release energy to motor load simultaneously.
CN201410760105.7A 2014-12-12 2014-12-12 Vehicle-mounted composite power supply regenerative braking energy recovery system and method Pending CN104648166A (en)

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Cited By (7)

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CN105235537A (en) * 2015-09-28 2016-01-13 西安迅湃快速充电技术有限公司 Electric-electric hybrid energy recycling device and method
CN106114490A (en) * 2016-07-30 2016-11-16 安徽机电职业技术学院 A kind of Based Intelligent Control hybrid vehicle
CN106441459A (en) * 2016-12-16 2017-02-22 深圳汇创联合自动化控制有限公司 Energy-saving and environment-friendly type power equipment detection instrument
CN109921500A (en) * 2019-04-23 2019-06-21 深圳供电局有限公司 Export circuit for regulating and controlling and charger
CN110395116A (en) * 2019-07-29 2019-11-01 江苏大学 A kind of regenerative brake current control method using energy constraint
CN110834543A (en) * 2019-10-28 2020-02-25 江苏大学 Coupling system for eddy current braking and regenerative braking of electric vehicle and control method
US11772496B2 (en) 2020-08-26 2023-10-03 Anusheel Nahar Regenerative braking system of an automobile and a method to operate

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105235537A (en) * 2015-09-28 2016-01-13 西安迅湃快速充电技术有限公司 Electric-electric hybrid energy recycling device and method
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CN106441459A (en) * 2016-12-16 2017-02-22 深圳汇创联合自动化控制有限公司 Energy-saving and environment-friendly type power equipment detection instrument
CN109921500A (en) * 2019-04-23 2019-06-21 深圳供电局有限公司 Export circuit for regulating and controlling and charger
CN110395116A (en) * 2019-07-29 2019-11-01 江苏大学 A kind of regenerative brake current control method using energy constraint
CN110395116B (en) * 2019-07-29 2022-12-27 江苏大学 Regenerative braking current control method adopting energy constraint
CN110834543A (en) * 2019-10-28 2020-02-25 江苏大学 Coupling system for eddy current braking and regenerative braking of electric vehicle and control method
CN110834543B (en) * 2019-10-28 2022-08-23 江苏大学 Coupling system for eddy current braking and regenerative braking of electric vehicle and control method
US11772496B2 (en) 2020-08-26 2023-10-03 Anusheel Nahar Regenerative braking system of an automobile and a method to operate

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