CN101425771B - Control circuit, braking method, energy production method and device for DC motor - Google Patents
Control circuit, braking method, energy production method and device for DC motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN101425771B CN101425771B CN2008101423830A CN200810142383A CN101425771B CN 101425771 B CN101425771 B CN 101425771B CN 2008101423830 A CN2008101423830 A CN 2008101423830A CN 200810142383 A CN200810142383 A CN 200810142383A CN 101425771 B CN101425771 B CN 101425771B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a DC motor control circuit, a braking method, an electricity generating method and a device thereof, in particular to the problems of the starting, the speed regulation, the braking and the reversal rotation of a series excitation DC motor. The control circuit comprises an excitation circuit (7), an armature circuit (8) and a DC voltage transforming circuit (9), and has the characteristics of reusing the braking energy and no mechanical contact point in reversal rotating control. The braking method reuses the braking energy, and the electricity generating method utilizes the rotation of the series excitation DC motor to generate electricity. The device of the invention realizes the stable starting, the stepless speed control, the stepless braking and the running of reversal rotation, the energy in braking is fed back or reused, and the energy in braking can be effectively controlled if the series excitation DC motor rotates when the electricity is cut off. No input electric source exists. If the series excitation DC motor continuously rotates under the action of external force, the device is an electricity generator of the series excitation DC motor and can provide an electric source for the outside.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of control circuit, braking method, electricity-generating method and device of motor, particularly a kind of control circuit, its braking method, electricity-generating method and device that is used for series excitation DC motor.
Background technology
At present, at traction urban light rail, trackless, tramcar, traction mine, factory's electric locomotive, drive electric golf cart, electronic cruiser, electronic Sightseeing Bus, the electronic servicer in place, drive electri forklift, push away in buttress car, battery-operated motor cycle, bicycle and other multiple liftings, the transporting equipment and other need the industrial circle of electrical equipment, series excitation DC motor has obtained using widely because of its excellent performance.
In actual applications, the drive controlling of series excitation DC motor comprises startup, speed governing, braking and counter-rotating.According to the ABC of series excitation DC motor, series excitation DC motor starts the method for using has series resistor to start, reduce voltage starting and DC chopped-wave starts.Speed regulating method change the series resistor speed governing, change adjusting velocity by voltage, weak-magnetic speed-regulating and direct current chopping regulating speed.The counter-rotating operation of series excitation DC motor generally is the wiring direction that changes excitation winding or armature winding, and traditional method is the counter-rotating that changes the wiring direction realization series excitation DC motor of excitation winding with contactor or other mechanical switchs.The braking of series excitation DC motor, because the intrinsic characteristic of series excitation DC motor, traditional application can only be carried out dynamic braking and plug braking, can not carry out regenerative braking, the energy of motor utilizes again in the time of can not be with braking, causes the very big waste of the energy.The dynamic braking method of series excitation DC motor has the separate excitation dynamic braking and two kinds of the dynamic brakings of encouraging oneself; The plug braking of series excitation DC motor has two kinds of the reverse plug brakings of armature voltage plug braking and rotating speed.
The startup of series excitation DC motor and speed governing, when adopting resistive method, big energy all slatterns by resistance heating, and circuit structure and remarkable; Existing series excitation DC motor control circuit adopts DC chopper circuit in a large number, adopts the good method that DC chopper circuit starts, speed governing is undoubtedly a kind of energy savings.Fig. 1 is the basic copped wave drive circuit of a series excitation DC motor schematic diagram.
The braking of the moving motivation of series excitation direct current, according to traditional application circuit, in theory the feedback operating condition can not be arranged, can only carry out dynamic braking and plug braking, energy feedback during the series excitation DC motor braking or utilization again, aspect energy savings, particularly in the motor vehicle of storage battery, has special significant meaning as the energy.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed in the prior art, the series excitation DC motor chopper circuit can not be realized or can not fine realization series excitation DC motor braking energy feedback or utilize problem again, adopt the contactor problem that mechanical contact is arranged at existing series excitation DC motor counter-rotating control, proposed new circuit arrangement, and proposed a kind of new braking method and electricity-generating method and adopted novel circuit and the series excitation DC motor driving control device and the Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) of method making.
According to the ABC theory of series excitation DC motor, series excitation DC motor has two windings, excitation winding 3 and armature winding 4, and excitation winding 3 and armature winding 4 generally are connected in series during work.When having exciting current to pass through in the excitation winding 3, will in series excitation DC motor, produce excitation field, when having armature supply to pass through in the armature winding 4, the torque that under the effect of excitation field, will rotate, the direction that changes exciting current will change the direction of excitation field, thereby changes the direction of rotational torque, make the series excitation DC motor counter-rotating, do not change the direction of exciting current, change the direction of armature supply, can make the series excitation DC motor counter-rotating yet.
Series excitation DC motor in the running, when not having exciting current to pass through in the excitation winding 3, series excitation DC motor can coasting.When having exciting current to pass through in the excitation winding 3, will in motor, set up excitation field, under the effect of excitation field, when having armature supply to pass through in the armature winding 4, will produce torque, the direction of torque is by the direction decision of armature supply, if the direction of torque is consistent with the direction of series excitation DC motor running, series excitation DC motor will accelerated service, if the direction of the direction of torque and series excitation DC motor running is opposite, series excitation DC motor will decelerate; When not having armature supply to pass through in the armature winding 4, under the effect of excitation field, series excitation DC motor armature winding 4 two ends in the running will produce induced voltage, series excitation DC motor is in generating state, the induced voltage at armature winding 4 two ends is not drawn discharge if be in the series excitation DC motor of generating state, series excitation DC motor will keep coasting, if the induced voltage at armature winding 4 two ends is drawn discharge, will in armature winding 4, armature supply be arranged, under the effect of excitation field, armature supply will produce torque, series excitation DC motor rotation direction in the direction of this torque and the running is opposite, series excitation DC motor will be braked, and running speed reduces gradually.
Be in the series excitation DC motor of generating state, when the running speed of series excitation DC motor is not higher than that the exciting current in the excitation winding 3 is not more than rated exciting current in normal speed, the series excitation DC motor, the induced voltage that armature winding 4 two ends produce will be lower than the specified input voltage of series excitation DC motor, electric current can not flow to high voltage from low-voltage, just the induction electric energy that the armature winding two ends produce directly can't be fed back to the input dc power potential source 1 that voltage is the series excitation DC motor rated voltage.This just in theory series excitation DC motor the reason of regenerative braking operating condition can not be arranged.
Be in the series excitation DC motor of generating state,, just can brake series excitation DC motor if the induced voltage of armature winding 4 two ends generation is drawn discharge.That is to say, for the series excitation DC motor in the running, realize electric braking, at first will make series excitation DC motor be in generating state, it is just passable that the induced voltage that armature winding 4 two ends will be produced be drawn discharge then.How making series excitation DC motor be in generating state, how the induced voltage of armature winding 4 two ends generation is drawn discharge, is exactly the problem that the series excitation DC motor electric braking will solve, and also is the problem to be solved in the present invention.
Make series excitation DC motor be in generating state, just requiring has exciting current to pass through in the excitation winding 3, and can adopt additional power source to make in the excitation winding 3 has exciting current, separate excitation mode that Here it is; The induced voltage that adopts armature winding 4 two ends to produce makes in the excitation winding 3 exciting current, is the self-excitation mode.It is exactly the problem of setting up of exciting current that the self-excitation mode has a problem, does not have exciting current, does not just have excitation field, does not have excitation field, and the induced voltage that armature winding 4 two ends just can not produce has exciting current thereby just can not make in the excitation winding 3.In actual applications, can utilize the remanent magnetism in the series excitation DC motor, under the effect of remanent magnetism, the induced voltage that armature winding 4 two ends will produce is added on the excitation winding 3, will produce exciting current, thereby enhancing excitation field, excitation field is strong more, and the induced voltage at armature winding 4 two ends is high more, forms positive feedback; Also can utilize before braking, make the electric current afterflow in the excitation winding 3, before exciting current disappears, begin braking.
The induced voltage that armature winding 4 two ends produce is drawn discharge, and simple way is exactly directly to add resistance discharge, energy consumption mode that Here it is.The induced voltage that armature winding 4 two ends are produced directly feeds back to input dc power potential source 1, or feeds back to input dc power potential source 1 by the circuit conversion, is exactly that energy utilizes the feedback mode again.The present invention is the induced voltage that armature winding 4 two ends are produced, storage or utilization after DC voltage conversion circuit 9 conversion, thus the induced voltage that realization produces armature winding 4 two ends is drawn the purpose of discharge.
Patent documentation the 2, the 3rd, the dynamic braking method, patent documentation 4 is regenerative feedback, the composite braking of resistance energy consumption, the part braking energy feedback is to input DC power, patent documentation the 5, the 6th, and the self-excitation regenerative braking is that the induced voltage that the armature winding two ends produce is directly fed back to the input power supply.
Patent documentation the 5, the 6th, the self-excitation regenerative braking is that the induced voltage that the armature winding two ends produce is directly fed back to the input power supply.When adopting the sort circuit braking, when the semiconductor switch conducting, circuit will be realized the energy feedback, if the voltage of input DC power is the motor rated voltage, the induced voltage that the armature winding two ends produce just is greater than the power supply rated voltage, this just requires at least or motor speed is higher than rated speed, or the exciting current in the excitation winding is greater than rated exciting current; When semiconductor switch turn-offed, energy stored in the armature winding inductance (for patent documentation 6, also having energy stored in the excitation winding inductance) fed back to the input power supply.Especially patent documentation 5, because armature winding and excitation winding all are inductance components, very high voltage can be born in the electronic switch module two ends.This braking method is a kind of self-excitation regenerative braking method, during regenerative braking, require motor speed height, exciting current big, braking moment is not easy control, and electronic switch module bears very big electric current and very high voltage, and circuit feedback effect neither be fine.
Circuit of the present invention is that the energy feedback utilizes mode to brake again.Among the present invention, making series excitation DC motor be in exciting current in the excitation winding 3 of generating state, can be provided by input dc power potential source 1 or external power supply, also can be the exciting current of afterflow in the excitation winding 3 before the braking; If there is not input dc power potential source 1, there is not the afterflow exciting current yet, exciting current in the excitation winding 3 can also be set up by DC voltage conversion circuit 9 transformations afterwards by the induced voltage at armature winding 4 two ends, detailed process is: when series excitation DC motor rotates under the effect of extraneous strength, in series excitation DC motor under the effect of remanent magnetism, armature winding 4 two ends will produce induced voltage, utilize DC voltage conversion circuit 9, the induced voltage at armature winding 4 two ends is boosted after the conversion from the leading-out terminal 93 of DC voltage conversion circuit 9,94 outputs, be added in the two ends of electric capacity 2, make that voltage rises gradually on electric capacity 2 two ends; After there is voltage at electric capacity 2 two ends, will be by field circuit 7 to DC voltage conversion circuit 9 power supplies, making in the excitation winding 3 has exciting current to pass through, produce excitation field, under the effect of excitation field, the induced voltage that armature winding 4 two ends produce will be higher, forms positive feedback.
In the excitation winding 3 exciting current is arranged, will produce excitation field, under the effect of excitation field, armature winding 4 two ends produce induced voltage, the induced voltage at armature winding 4 two ends is by after DC voltage conversion circuit 9 transformations, by storing or be used to again discharge, be added on the input dc power potential source 1 or be external storage battery 10 chargings (are discharges to armature winding 4 and DC voltage conversion circuit 9), or be that other power consumption equipments are powered, making in the armature winding 4 has armature supply to pass through, and produces torque, and the series excitation DC motor rotation direction in the direction of this torque and the running is opposite, series excitation DC motor will be braked, and running speed reduces gradually.
Main circuit structure of the present invention is by field circuit 7, armature circuit 8 and DC voltage conversion circuit 9 three parts constitute, main circuit structure is in the basic copped wave driving circuit structure of series excitation DC motor, increase DC voltage conversion circuit 9, when motor brake, the energy of motor is fed back to the input dc power potential source 1 of series excitation DC motor by DC voltage conversion circuit 9, shown in Fig. 2 circuit and Fig. 3 circuit, also DC voltage conversion circuit 9 can be output as external storage battery 10 chargings, shown in Figure 20 circuit and Figure 21 circuit, the output of DC voltage conversion circuit 9 can also be discharged such as connecting resistance by other equipment.Feed back to input dc power potential source 1, DC voltage conversion circuit 9 will adopt the voltage boosting dc translation circuit, discharge for external storage battery 10 charges or connects other equipment, the output of DC voltage conversion circuit 9 is determined according to external storage battery 10 or discharge institute other equipment that connect.
DC voltage conversion circuit 9 is the circuit that comprise inductance, transformer, electric capacity, semiconductor switch, diode.DC voltage conversion circuit 9 has four leading-out terminals, is respectively leading-out terminal 91,92,93 and 94, and wherein, leading-out terminal 91 and 92 is the input terminal of DC voltage conversion circuit 9, and leading-out terminal 93 and 94 is the lead-out terminal of DC voltage conversion circuit 9.
Different with the method for attachment of DC voltage conversion circuit 9 three parts according to field circuit 7, armature circuit 8, main circuit structure of the present invention is shown in Fig. 2 (or Figure 20) circuit and Fig. 3 (or Figure 21) circuit.In Fig. 2 circuit, the leading-out terminal 71 of field circuit 7 and the leading-out terminal 93 of DC voltage conversion circuit 9 are connected to the positive pole of input dc power potential source 1 and the positive pole of input capacitance 2 together, the leading-out terminal 72 of field circuit 7 is connected with the leading-out terminal 81 of the leading-out terminal 91 of DC voltage conversion circuit 9, armature circuit 8, and the leading-out terminal 82 of armature circuit 8, the leading-out terminal 92 and 94 of DC voltage conversion circuit 9 are connected to the negative pole of input dc power potential source 1 and the negative pole of input capacitance 2 together.In Fig. 3 circuit, the leading-out terminal 81 of armature circuit 8, the leading-out terminal 91 and 93 of DC voltage conversion circuit 9 are connected to the positive pole of input dc power potential source 1 and the positive pole of input capacitance 2 together, the leading-out terminal 82 of the leading-out terminal 71 of field circuit 7, the leading-out terminal 92 of DC voltage conversion circuit 9 and armature circuit 8 is connected, and the leading-out terminal 72 of field circuit 7 and the leading-out terminal 94 of DC voltage conversion circuit 9 are connected to the negative pole of input dc power potential source 1 and the negative pole of input capacitance 2 together.In Figure 20 and Figure 21 circuit, the leading-out terminal 93 of DC voltage conversion circuit 9 is connected with external storage battery with 94,
Fig. 2 circuit and Fig. 3 circuit be mirror image circuit each other, and circuit function is identical, and braking energy feedback is to input direct voltage 1.Also two lead- out terminals 93 and 94 of DC voltage conversion circuit 9 can be led to other storage batterys 10 chargings, as Figure 20 and shown in Figure 21, circuit can be realized braking equally.
When series excitation DC motor when rotary state need be braked, at first make series excitation DC motor be in generating state, utilize the freewheel current of input dc power potential source 1 or external power supply or excitation winding 3 to set up excitation field, thereby make series excitation DC motor be in generating state; When there not being input voltage source 1 also not have external power supply, when not having freewheel current in the excitation winding 3 yet, with reference to Fig. 2 or Fig. 3 of removing input voltage source 1, for the series excitation DC motor that under the effect of extraneous strength, rotates, in series excitation DC motor under the effect of remanent magnetism, armature winding 4 two ends will produce induced voltage, armature circuit 8 two ends that just comprise armature winding have direct current, the leading-out terminal 81 of armature circuit 8 is the positive pole of induced voltage, the leading-out terminal 82 of armature circuit 8 is the negative pole of induced voltage, utilize DC voltage conversion circuit 9, the induced voltage at armature winding 4 two ends is boosted after the conversion from the leading-out terminal 93 of DC voltage conversion circuit 9,94 outputs, leading-out terminal 93 is for just, 94 for negative, makes that voltage rises gradually on electric capacity 2 two ends.After there is voltage at electric capacity 2 two ends, will be by field circuit 7 to DC voltage conversion circuit 9 power supplies, making in the excitation winding 3 has exciting current to pass through, produce excitation field, thereby make series excitation DC motor be in generating state, under the effect of excitation field, the induced voltage that armature winding 4 two ends produce will be higher, forms positive feedback.Electric energy with the series excitation DC motor under the generating state, utilize DC voltage conversion circuit 9, change out again from the two ends of armature winding 4 and utilize, or feed back to input dc power potential source 1, as Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, or give external charge in batteries 10 chargings, as Figure 20 and Figure 21, or pass through other equipment such as conductive discharge, and realized the braking of series excitation DC motor, regulate the size of braking moment by the output size of control DC voltage conversion circuit 9.This braking method is exactly the braking method of series excitation DC motor of the present invention.
The present invention has proposed a kind of series excitation DC motor electricity-generating method of using simultaneously.At first make series excitation DC motor be in generating state, when input voltage source 1 or external power supply, exciting current is provided by input voltage source 1 or external power supply; When having afterflow to exist in the excitation winding, exciting current is exactly the freewheel current in the excitation winding; There is exciting current will produce excitation field, makes series excitation DC motor be in generating state.When there not being input voltage source 1 also not have external power supply, when not having freewheel current in the excitation winding 3 yet, with reference to Fig. 2 or Fig. 3 of removing input voltage source 1, for the series excitation DC motor that under the effect of extraneous strength, rotates, in series excitation DC motor under the effect of remanent magnetism, armature winding 4 two ends will produce induced voltage, armature circuit 8 two ends that just comprise armature winding have direct current, the leading-out terminal 81 of armature circuit 8 is the positive pole of induced voltage, the leading-out terminal 82 of armature circuit 8 is the negative pole of induced voltage, utilize DC voltage conversion circuit 9, the induced voltage at armature winding 4 two ends is boosted after the conversion from the leading-out terminal 93 of DC voltage conversion circuit 9,94 outputs, leading-out terminal 93 is for just, 94 for negative, makes that voltage rises gradually on electric capacity 2 two ends.After there is voltage at electric capacity 2 two ends, will be by field circuit 7 to DC voltage conversion circuit 9 power supplies, making in the excitation winding 3 has exciting current to pass through, produce excitation field, thereby make series excitation DC motor be in generating state, under the effect of excitation field, the induced voltage that armature winding 4 two ends produce will be higher, forms positive feedback.Leading-out terminal 93,94 with DC voltage conversion circuit 9 outwards provides power supply as generating output simultaneously, when continuing to rotate under the effect of series excitation DC motor in extraneous strength, by control DC voltage conversion circuit 9, just can regulate the size of DC voltage conversion circuit output voltage, make leading-out terminal 93, the 94 output galvanic currents of DC voltage conversion circuit 9.When this series excitation DC motor continues to rotate under the effect of extraneous strength, utilize the induced voltage at 9 pairs of armature winding 4 two ends of DC voltage conversion circuit to boost, for excitation winding 3 provides exciting current, simultaneously by control DC voltage conversion circuit 9, regulate the size of DC voltage conversion circuit output voltage, from the method for leading-out terminal 93, the 94 output stable DC electricity of DC voltage conversion circuit 9, be exactly the electricity-generating method of series excitation DC motor of the present invention.
DC voltage conversion circuit 9 of the present invention, it is a kind of voltage conversion circuit, it can be the DC circuit, it also can be the AC/DC translation circuit, it is characterized in that input is provided by two parts, a part is the induced voltage at series excitation DC motor armature winding 4 two ends of generating state, and another part is the exciting current of excitation winding 3.During as brake application, its output can be shifted away energy when series excitation DC motor need be braked, and the object of transfer should absorb or consumed energy when series excitation DC motor need be braked.Therefore the object that shifts can be a voltage source, such as the input dc power potential source 1 or the external storage battery 10 of series excitation DC motor, also can be resistance or other power consumption equipments etc.; If resistance, then circuit promptly can adopt the DC circuit, also can adopt the AC/DC translation circuit, and output voltage is determined according to resistance parameter; If shift to as if voltage source, the output voltage that just requires DC voltage conversion circuit 9 is greater than voltage source voltage, if other equipment, the output of DC voltage conversion circuit 9 is decided according to other equipment requirements.DC voltage conversion circuit 9 of the present invention can be by the regulating and controlling power output size so that regulate from the size of the electric current of series excitation DC motor armature winding two ends output, the size of armature supply just, thereby regulate the size of braking moment.During as power generation applications, DC voltage conversion circuit 9 is booster circuits, and its output externally provides electric power, simultaneously for exciting current provides power supply, by control DC voltage conversion circuit 9, regulates and the stable externally electric power of output.
The counter-rotating of series excitation DC motor, can be by changing sense of current in the excitation winding 3, or changing sense of current realization in the armature winding 4, existing way is to utilize contactor that the two ends of excitation winding 3 or armature winding 4 are realized transferring outside the series excitation DC motor controller.Change in the excitation winding 3 sense of current in the sense of current and armature winding 4 simultaneously, motor turns to constant.Patent documentation 4,5,6 described circuit, the counter-rotating of series excitation DC motor adopt contactor to realize.
In the circuit of the present invention, adopt four semiconductor switchs and excitation winding (or armature winding) to form the H bridge circuit, as Fig. 6 and shown in Figure 9, by controlling the on off state of four semiconductor switchs, change sense of current in the excitation winding (or armature winding), realized the nothing machinery contact counter-rotating control of series excitation DC motor.
Adopt series excitation DC motor control circuit and braking method among the present invention,, can produce various series excitation DC motor driving control devices at different series excitation DC motors.
Adopt series excitation DC motor control circuit and electricity-generating method among the present invention, can produce device with the series excitation DC motor generating.
The present invention is in the basic copped wave drive circuit of series excitation DC motor, increase DC voltage conversion circuit, adopt four semiconductor switchs and excitation winding (or armature winding) to form the H bridge circuit simultaneously, not only realize energy feedback and the again utilization of series excitation DC motor when braking, and realized the smooth starting, stepless speed control of series excitation DC motor, the smoothly operation of braking and reverse.
Description of drawings
The basic copped wave drive circuit of Fig. 1 figure
Fig. 2 braking energy feedback of the present invention is to the main circuit structure figure of input dc power potential source
Fig. 3 another kind of braking energy feedback of the present invention is to the main circuit structure figure of input dc power potential source
Fig. 4 field circuit figure that has diode of the present invention
Fig. 5 field circuit figure that has semiconductor switch of the present invention
Fig. 6 field circuit figure that constitutes the H bridge circuit by semiconductor switch and excitation winding of the present invention
Fig. 7 armature circuit figure that has diode of the present invention
Fig. 8 armature circuit figure that has semiconductor switch of the present invention
Fig. 9 armature circuit figure that constitutes the H bridge circuit by semiconductor switch and armature winding of the present invention
The DC voltage conversion circuit figure of Figure 10 inductance boost of the present invention
The DC voltage conversion circuit figure of Figure 11 another kind of inductance boost of the present invention
The DC voltage conversion circuit figure that Figure 12 a kind of transformer of the present invention boosts
The DC voltage conversion circuit figure that Figure 13 another kind of transformer of the present invention boosts
Figure 14 series excitation DC motor control circuit figure with counter-rotating, regenerative braking of the present invention
Figure 15 another kind of the present invention has the series excitation DC motor control circuit figure of counter-rotating, regenerative braking
Figure 16 series excitation DC motor control circuit figure with regenerative braking of the present invention
Figure 17 another kind of the present invention has the series excitation DC motor control circuit figure of regenerative braking
Figure 18 regenerative braking series excitation DC motor control circuit figure with transformer of the present invention
Figure 19 counter-rotating, regenerative braking series excitation DC motor control circuit figure with transformer of the present invention
Figure 20 of the present invention a kind of be the main circuit structure figure of external charge in batteries with braking energy
Figure 21 another kind of the present invention is the main circuit structure figure of external charge in batteries with braking energy
Among the figure: 1. input dc power potential source, 2. input capacitance, 3. excitation winding, 4. armature winding, 5. inductance, 6. transformer, 7. field circuit, 8. armature circuit, 9. DC voltage conversion circuit, 10. storage battery, 11,12,13,14,15,16,17. diodes, 21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31. semiconductor switchs
Embodiment
Semiconductor switch among the present invention, be meant all-controlling power electronics device, comprise power transistor (GTR), field-effect transistor (MOSFET), igbt (IGBT), have the inverse parallel diode, if do not have the inverse parallel diode, in application, want external inverse parallel diode.In order to narrate conveniently, the present invention is defined as follows the leading-out terminal of semiconductor switch: the drain electrode of the collector electrode of power transistor (GTR), field-effect transistor (MOSFET), the collector electrode of igbt (IGBT) or the corresponding function terminal of other all-controlling power electronics devices are defined as 1 utmost point of semiconductor switch.The emitter of the source electrode of the emitter of power transistor (GTR), field-effect transistor (MOSFET), igbt (IGBT) or the corresponding function terminal of other all-controlling power electronics devices are defined as 2 utmost points of semiconductor switch.The gate pole of the gate pole of the base stage of power transistor (GTR), field-effect transistor (MOSFET), igbt (IGBT) or the corresponding function terminal of other all-controlling power electronics devices are defined as 3 utmost points of semiconductor switch.
In the practical application circuit, semiconductor switch has the inverse parallel diode, among the present invention and the antiparallel external diode of semiconductor switch can, such as with semiconductor switch 25 diode connected in parallel 13 and semiconductor switch 27 diode connected in parallel 16 can.
Fig. 1 is the basic copped wave drive circuit of a series excitation DC motor schematic diagram.Fig. 1 is made up of excitation winding 3, armature winding 4, semiconductor switch 25, diode 11, diode 12, input capacitance 2 and the direct voltage 1 of series excitation DC motor.One end of excitation winding 3 is connected with the positive pole of the positive pole of input dc power potential source 1, electric capacity 2, the negative electrode of diode 11, the other end of excitation winding 3 is connected with an end of armature winding 4, the anode of diode 11, the negative electrode of diode 12,1 utmost point of the other end of armature winding 4 and semiconductor switch 25, the anode of diode 12 are connected, and 25 2 utmost points of semiconductor switch are connected with the negative pole of input dc power potential source 1, the negative pole of input capacitance 2.During circuit working, semiconductor switch 25 is operated on off state, drive by pulse width modulation (PWM) signal, when semiconductor switch 25 is opened, electric current is from the positive pole of input dc power potential source 1, get back to input dc power potential source 1 negative pole through excitation winding 3, armature winding 4, semiconductor switch 25, series excitation DC motor starts or running; When semiconductor switch 25 disconnected, the electric current in the excitation winding 3 was through diode 11 afterflows, and the electric current in the armature winding 4 is through diode 12 afterflows.By regulating the ON time of semiconductor switch 25 in each switch periods, just ON time accounts for the ratio (duty ratio) of switch periods, just can realize the purpose of series excitation DC motor speed governing.Basic direct current chopping regulating speed circuit, can only realize series excitation DC motor startup and speed governing, do not have reverse function and energy feeding braking function.
Basic direct current chopping regulating speed circuit structure described above can be divided into two parts, first is a field circuit 7, be made up of excitation winding 3 and diode 11, second portion is an armature circuit 8, is made up of armature winding 4, diode 12 and semiconductor switch 25.Field circuit 7 and armature circuit 8 series connection constitute the basic copped wave driving circuit structure of series excitation DC motor figure, as shown in Figure 1.
Main circuit structure of the present invention is made of field circuit 7, armature circuit 8 and DC voltage conversion circuit 9 three parts, shown in Fig. 2 circuit, Fig. 3 circuit and Figure 20 circuit, Figure 21 circuit.
Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 are three kinds of circuit diagrams of field circuit 7 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 circuit is composed in parallel by excitation winding 3 and diode 11, one end of excitation winding 3 and the leading-out terminal 71 that leads to field circuit 7 after the negative electrode of diode 11 is connected, the other end of excitation winding 3 and the leading-out terminal 72 that leads to field circuit 7 after the anode of diode 11 is connected.
Fig. 5 circuit is made up of excitation winding 3, diode 11, diode 16, semiconductor switch 27.1 utmost point of semiconductor switch 27 and the leading-out terminal 71 that leads to field circuit 7 after the negative electrode of diode 16 is connected, the negative electrode of 2 utmost points of semiconductor switch 27, the anode of diode 16, diode 11 is connected with an end of excitation winding 3, the other end of excitation winding 3 and the leading-out terminal 72 that leads to field circuit 7 after the anode of diode 11 is connected.
Fig. 6 circuit is made up of excitation winding 3, diode 17, semiconductor switch 21,22,23,24.After connecting, 1 utmost point of the negative electrode of diode 17, semiconductor switch 21,1 utmost point of semiconductor switch 22 lead to the leading-out terminal 71 of field circuit 7, one end of 2 utmost points of semiconductor switch 21,1 utmost point of semiconductor switch 23 and excitation winding 3 is connected, the other end of 2 utmost points of semiconductor switch 22,1 utmost point of semiconductor switch 24 and excitation winding 3 is connected, and leads to the leading-out terminal 72 of field circuit 7 after 2 utmost points of the anode of diode 17, semiconductor switch 23,2 utmost points of semiconductor switch 24 connect.
Fig. 4 circuit is not with semiconductor switch, and Fig. 5 circuit has semiconductor switch; Constitute the H bridge circuit by semiconductor switch 21,22,23,24 and excitation winding 3 in Fig. 6 circuit.Fig. 4 circuit, Fig. 5 circuit are applicable to does not need the series excitation DC motor control circuit that reverses, when the counter-rotating of needs series excitation DC motor control circuit control motor, adopts Fig. 6 circuit.
Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9 are three kinds of circuit diagrams of armature circuit 8 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 circuit is composed in parallel by armature winding 4 and diode 12, one end of armature winding 4 and the leading-out terminal 81 that leads to armature circuit 8 after the negative electrode of diode 12 is connected, the other end of armature winding 4 and the leading-out terminal 82 that leads to armature circuit 8 after the anode of diode 12 is connected.
Fig. 8 circuit is made up of armature winding 4, diode 12, diode 13, semiconductor switch 25.One end of armature winding 4 and the leading-out terminal 81 that leads to armature circuit 8 after the negative electrode of diode 12 is connected, one end of armature winding 4 is connected with the anode of 1 utmost point of semiconductor switch 25, diode 12, the negative electrode of diode 13,2 utmost points of semiconductor switch 25 and the leading-out terminal 82 that leads to armature circuit 8 after the anode of diode 13 is connected.
Fig. 9 circuit is made up of armature winding 4, diode 15, semiconductor switch 28,29,30,31.After connecting, 1 utmost point of the negative electrode of diode 15, semiconductor switch 28,1 utmost point of semiconductor switch 29 lead to the leading-out terminal 81 of armature circuit 8, one end of 2 utmost points of semiconductor switch 28,1 utmost point of semiconductor switch 30 and armature winding 4 is connected, the other end of 2 utmost points of semiconductor switch 29,1 utmost point of semiconductor switch 31 and armature winding 4 is connected, and leads to the leading-out terminal 82 of armature circuit 8 after 2 utmost points of the anode of diode 15, semiconductor switch 30,2 utmost points of semiconductor switch 31 connect.
Fig. 7 circuit is not with semiconductor switch, Fig. 8 circuit has semiconductor switch, constitute the H bridge circuit by semiconductor switch 28,29,30,31 and armature winding 4 in Fig. 9 circuit, when the counter-rotating of needs series excitation DC motor control circuit control motor, can adopt Fig. 9 circuit, when adopting Fig. 9 circuit, just need not adopt Fig. 6 circuit.When needing the counter-rotating of control motor, Fig. 6 circuit and Fig. 9 circuit select one of them just passable.
Figure 10, Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 13 are four kinds of circuit diagrams of DC voltage conversion circuit 9 of the present invention, and DC voltage conversion circuit 9 can also adopt other voltage conversion circuits, no longer draws here.
Figure 10 circuit is made up of inductance 5, diode 14, semiconductor switch 26.One end of inductance 5 leads to the leading-out terminal 91 of DC voltage conversion circuit 9, the negative electrode of diode 14 leads to the leading-out terminal 93 of DC voltage conversion circuit 9, the other end of inductance 5 is connected with the anode of diode 14,1 utmost point of semiconductor switch 26, and 2 utmost points of semiconductor switch 26 are drawn two terminals respectively as the leading- out terminal 92 and 94 of DC voltage conversion circuit 9.
Figure 11 circuit is made up of inductance 5, diode 14, semiconductor switch 26.1 utmost point of semiconductor switch 26 is drawn two terminals respectively as the leading- out terminal 91 and 93 of DC voltage conversion circuit 9, one end of inductance 5 is connected with 2 utmost points of the negative electrode of diode 14, semiconductor switch 26, the other end of inductance 5 leads to the leading-out terminal 92 of DC voltage conversion circuit 9, and the anode of diode 14 leads to the leading-out terminal 94 of DC voltage conversion circuit 9.
Figure 12 circuit is made up of transformer 6, diode 14, semiconductor switch 26.Transformer has four terminals, two terminals in former limit, two terminals of secondary.One end on transformer 6 former limits leads to the leading-out terminal 91 of DC voltage conversion circuit 9, the negative electrode of diode 14 leads to the leading-out terminal 93 of DC voltage conversion circuit 9, the other end on transformer 6 former limits is connected with 1 utmost point of semiconductor switch 26, one end of transformer 6 secondary is connected with the anode of diode 14, the other end of transformer 6 secondary leads to the leading-out terminal 94 of DC voltage conversion circuit 9, and 2 utmost points of semiconductor switch 26 lead to the leading-out terminal 92 of DC voltage conversion circuit 9.Leading to 91 transformer 6 primary side ends is transformer end of the same name with the transformer secondary terminal that leads to 94, and transformer 6 primary side ends that connects 1 utmost point of semiconductor switch 26 is a transformer end of the same name with the transformer secondary terminal of the anode that is connected diode 14.
Figure 13 circuit is made up of transformer 6, diode 14, semiconductor switch 26, and transformer has four terminals, two terminals in former limit, two terminals of secondary.One end on transformer 6 former limits leads to the leading-out terminal 92 of DC voltage conversion circuit 9, the anode of diode 14 leads to the leading-out terminal 94 of DC voltage conversion circuit 9, the other end on transformer 6 former limits is connected with 2 utmost points of semiconductor switch 26, one end of transformer 6 secondary is connected with the negative electrode of diode 14, the other end of transformer 6 secondary leads to the leading-out terminal 93 of DC voltage conversion circuit 9, and 1 utmost point of semiconductor switch 26 leads to the leading-out terminal 91 of DC voltage conversion circuit 9.Leading to 92 transformer 6 primary side ends is transformer end of the same name with the transformer secondary terminal that leads to 93, and transformer 6 primary side ends that connects 2 utmost points of semiconductor switch 26 is a transformer end of the same name with the transformer secondary terminal of the negative electrode that is connected diode 14.
The input terminal 91 of Figure 10 circuit, Figure 11 circuit and 92 and lead-out terminal 93 and 94 do not isolate, the input terminal 91 of Figure 12 circuit, Figure 13 circuit and 92 and lead-out terminal 93 and 94 by transformer isolation, can be used on need situation with the output of DC voltage conversion circuit 9 and direct voltage 1 isolation under.Figure 11 circuit and Figure 10 circuit be mirror image circuit each other, and circuit function is identical.Figure 13 circuit and Figure 12 circuit be mirror image circuit each other, and circuit function is identical.
This specification is only listed the schematic diagram of Figure 10, Figure 11, Figure 12, four kinds of DC voltage conversion circuit 9 of Figure 13, other forms of DC voltage conversion circuit also can be used as DC voltage conversion circuit 9 of the present invention, be used in the purpose of the energy conversion output of series excitation DC motor in the time of can realizing to brake in the circuit of the present invention, thereby realize the braking of series excitation DC motor.The output of DC voltage conversion circuit 9, if energy is fed back to input voltage source 1 as energy feedback application, then should adopt the voltage boosting dc voltage conversion circuit,, then select the DC voltage conversion circuit structure according to the situation of external storage battery for external storage battery 10 chargings.
By choosing main circuit structure at Fig. 2 (or Figure 20), two kinds of main circuit structures of Fig. 3 (or Figure 21), in Fig. 4, Fig. 5, three kinds of circuit of Fig. 6, choose field circuit 7, in Fig. 7, Fig. 8, three kinds of circuit of Fig. 9, choose armature circuit 8, in Figure 10, Figure 11, four kinds of circuit of Figure 12, Figure 13, choose DC voltage conversion circuit 9, concrete enforcement circuit of the present invention is described.
Choose according to following principle: because master map 2 (or Figure 20) and Fig. 3 (or Figure 21) mirror image circuit each other, Figure 10 of DC voltage conversion circuit 9 and Figure 11 be mirror image circuit each other, Figure 12 of DC voltage conversion circuit 9 and Figure 13 be mirror image circuit each other, main circuit selects Fig. 2 (or Figure 20) circuit, corresponding DC voltage conversion circuit 9 can only be selected Figure 10 circuit and Figure 12 circuit, main circuit selects Fig. 3 (or Figure 21) circuit, and corresponding DC voltage conversion circuit 9 can only be selected Figure 11 circuit and Figure 13 circuit.Fig. 4 circuit of field circuit 7 and Fig. 7 circuit of armature circuit 8 can not be chosen simultaneously because be not with semiconductor switch, can not effectively control motor because just choose simultaneously.When braking energy feedback is arrived input voltage source 1, in order to prevent that feedback energy directly is added in excitation winding 3 two ends, choosing does not have Figure 10 circuit and Figure 11 circuit of the DC voltage conversion circuit 9 of transformer isolation, field circuit 7 can not select Fig. 4 circuit of not being with semiconductor switch, should select Fig. 5 circuit or Fig. 6 circuit of band semiconductor switch, so that when braking energy feedback arrives input voltage source 1, by disconnecting the semiconductor switch in the field circuit 7, make feedback energy can not directly be added in excitation winding 3 two ends.If not with braking energy feedback to input voltage source 1 but be that storage battery 10 charges, then select Figure 10 circuit and Figure 11 circuit can select Fig. 4 circuit of not being with semiconductor switch as field circuit 7 as DC voltage conversion circuit 9.The effect of Fig. 6 circuit of field circuit 7 and Fig. 9 circuit of armature circuit 8 allows motor reverse, and selects one of them just can realize the motor reverse function.After choosing like this, the present invention can realize that when braking energy feedback is arrived input voltage source 1 if braking energy is output as storage battery 10 chargings, the present invention can have 28 kinds of circuit by following 24 kinds of circuit.DC voltage conversion circuit 9 also can be used Figure 10, Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 13 other DC voltage conversion circuit 9 in addition in the circuit of the present invention, adopts the circuit of the present invention of other DC voltage conversion circuit 9 no longer to list here.
The concrete circuit 1. of implementing is made of Fig. 2 (or Figure 20) circuit, Fig. 4 circuit, Fig. 8 circuit, Figure 12 circuit.
The concrete circuit 2. of implementing is made of Fig. 2 (or Figure 20) circuit, Fig. 4 circuit, Fig. 9 circuit, Figure 12 circuit.
The concrete circuit 3. of implementing is made of Fig. 2 (or Figure 20) circuit, Fig. 5 circuit, Fig. 7 circuit, Figure 10 circuit.Figure 16 circuit diagram just.
The concrete circuit 4. of implementing is made of Fig. 2 (or Figure 20) circuit, Fig. 5 circuit, Fig. 7 circuit, Figure 12 circuit.Figure 18 circuit diagram just.
The concrete circuit 5. of implementing is made of Fig. 2 (or Figure 20) circuit, Fig. 5 circuit, Fig. 8 circuit, Figure 10 circuit.
The concrete circuit 6. of implementing is made of Fig. 2 (or Figure 20) circuit, Fig. 5 circuit, Fig. 8 circuit, Figure 12 circuit.
The concrete circuit 7. of implementing is made of Fig. 2 (or Figure 20) circuit, Fig. 5 circuit, Fig. 9 circuit, Figure 10 circuit.
The concrete circuit 8. of implementing is made of Fig. 2 (or Figure 20) circuit, Fig. 5 circuit, Fig. 9 circuit, Figure 12 circuit.
The concrete circuit 9. of implementing is made of Fig. 2 (or Figure 20) circuit, Fig. 6 circuit, Fig. 7 circuit, Figure 10 circuit.
The concrete circuit 10. of implementing is made of Fig. 2 (or Figure 20) circuit, Fig. 6 circuit, Fig. 7 circuit, Figure 12 circuit.
The concrete circuit 11. of implementing is made of Fig. 2 (or Figure 20) circuit, Fig. 6 circuit, Fig. 8 circuit, Figure 10 circuit.Figure 14 circuit diagram just.
The concrete circuit 12. of implementing is made of Fig. 2 (or Figure 20) circuit, Fig. 6 circuit, Fig. 8 circuit, Figure 12 circuit.Figure 19 circuit diagram just.
The concrete circuit 13. of implementing is made of Fig. 3 (or Figure 21) circuit, Fig. 4 circuit, Fig. 8 circuit, Figure 13 circuit.
The concrete circuit 14. of implementing is made of Fig. 3 (or Figure 21) circuit, Fig. 4 circuit, Fig. 9 circuit, Figure 13 circuit.
The concrete circuit 15. of implementing is made of Fig. 3 (or Figure 21) circuit, Fig. 5 circuit, Fig. 7 circuit, Figure 11 circuit.Figure 17 circuit diagram just.
The concrete circuit 16. of implementing is made of Fig. 3 (or Figure 21) circuit, Fig. 5 circuit, Fig. 7 circuit, Figure 13 circuit.
The concrete circuit 17. of implementing is made of Fig. 3 (or Figure 21) circuit, Fig. 5 circuit, Fig. 8 circuit, Figure 11 circuit.
The concrete circuit 18. of implementing is made of Fig. 3 (or Figure 21) circuit, Fig. 5 circuit, Fig. 8 circuit, Figure 13 circuit.
The concrete circuit 19. of implementing is made of Fig. 3 (or Figure 21) circuit, Fig. 5 circuit, Fig. 9 circuit, Figure 11 circuit.
The concrete circuit 20. of implementing is made of Fig. 3 (or Figure 21) circuit, Fig. 5 circuit, Fig. 9 circuit, Figure 13 circuit.
The concrete circuit 21. of implementing is made of Fig. 3 (or Figure 21) circuit, Fig. 6 circuit, Fig. 7 circuit, Figure 11 circuit.
The concrete circuit 22. of implementing is made of Fig. 3 (or Figure 21) circuit, Fig. 6 circuit, Fig. 7 circuit, Figure 13 circuit.
The concrete circuit 23. of implementing is made of Fig. 3 (or Figure 21) circuit, Fig. 6 circuit, Fig. 8 circuit, Figure 11 circuit.Figure 15 circuit diagram just.
The concrete circuit 24. of implementing is made of Fig. 3 (or Figure 21) circuit, Fig. 6 circuit, Fig. 8 circuit, Figure 13 circuit.
The concrete circuit 25. of implementing is made of Figure 20 circuit, Fig. 4 circuit, Fig. 8 circuit, Figure 10 circuit.
The concrete circuit 26. of implementing is made of Figure 20 circuit, Fig. 4 circuit, Fig. 9 circuit, Figure 10 circuit.
The concrete circuit 27. of implementing is made of Figure 21 circuit, Fig. 4 circuit, Fig. 8 circuit, Figure 11 circuit.
The concrete circuit 28. of implementing is made of Figure 21 circuit, Fig. 4 circuit, Fig. 9 circuit, Figure 11 circuit.
28 kinds of concrete circuit of implementing of the present invention, all have energy and utilize braking function again, wherein specifically implementing circuit 1 is used in braking energy feedback under the situation of input dc power potential source 1 to the concrete circuit 24 of implementing, wherein specifically implement circuit 1 and also can be used on circuit when series excitation DC motor is used as generating to the concrete circuit 24 of implementing, concrete enforcement circuit 25 is not suitable for the application of braking energy feedback to input dc power potential source 1 to the concrete circuit 28 of implementing, and 28 kinds of concrete enforcement circuit can be used in exports to external storage battery 10 chargings with braking energy.
Adopt 28 kinds of concrete circuit and braking methods implemented among the present invention,, can produce various series excitation DC motor driving control devices at different series excitation DC motors.
Adopt the concrete enforcement circuit 1 among the present invention to arrive concrete circuit 24 and the electricity-generating method implemented, can produce device with the series excitation DC motor generating.
Figure 14 is the series excitation DC motor control circuit figure that the present invention has speed governing, counter-rotating and energy feeding braking function.Figure 14 circuit is formed (specifically implementing circuit 11) by Fig. 2 circuit, Fig. 6 circuit, Fig. 8 circuit and Figure 10 circuit.Figure 15 circuit by Fig. 3 circuit, Fig. 6 circuit, Fig. 8 circuit and Figure 11 circuit form circuit of the present invention (specifically implementing circuit 23).Figure 15 circuit and Figure 14 circuit be mirror image circuit each other, and circuit function is identical.
Figure 16 is the series excitation DC motor control circuit figure that the present invention has speed governing and energy feeding braking function, and circuit does not have reverse function.Figure 16 circuit is formed (specifically implementing circuit 3) by Fig. 2 circuit, Fig. 5 circuit, Fig. 7 circuit and Figure 10 circuit.The circuit of the present invention that Figure 17 circuit is made up of Fig. 3 circuit, Fig. 5 circuit, Fig. 7 circuit and Figure 11 circuit (specifically implementing circuit 15).Figure 17 circuit and Figure 16 circuit be mirror image circuit each other, and circuit function is identical.
Figure 18 circuit has speed governing and energy feeding braking function, and circuit does not have reverse function.The circuit of the present invention that Figure 18 circuit is made up of Fig. 2 circuit, Fig. 5 circuit, Fig. 7 circuit and Figure 12 circuit (specifically implementing circuit 4), wherein Figure 12 circuit of DC voltage conversion circuit 9 has transformer isolation.Figure 19 circuit has speed governing, counter-rotating and energy feeding braking function, the circuit of the present invention that Figure 19 circuit is made up of Fig. 2 circuit, Fig. 6 circuit, Fig. 8 circuit and Figure 12 circuit (specifically implementing circuit 12) has transformer isolation in the DC voltage conversion circuit 9 of its Figure 12 circuit.
Except six kinds of concrete enforcements the circuit diagram that top Figure 14, Figure 15, Figure 16, Figure 17, Figure 18 and Figure 19 enumerate, all the other the 22 kinds concrete circuit diagrams of implementing of the present invention draw no longer separately.
Below with concrete enforcement circuit 11, just to have the series excitation DC motor control circuit figure of counter-rotating, regenerative braking be example to Figure 14, specifies the course of work of circuit of the present invention, and 27 kinds of circuit of all the other among the present invention can be done similar analysis.
As shown in figure 14, during circuit working, in the H bridge field circuit 7 that excitation winding 3 and semiconductor switch 21,22,23,24 are formed, semiconductor switch 21,24 conductings, semiconductor switch 22,23 turn-offs, semiconductor switch 22,22 conductings, semiconductor switch 22,24 turn-offs, this two states, determined the direction of exciting current in the excitation winding 3,, just can change the direction of exciting current in the excitation winding 3 by control to semiconductor switch 21,22,23,24, thereby change the rotation direction of series excitation DC motor, realize reverse function.
During circuit working, when the needs series excitation DC motor starts running, semiconductor switch 21,24 (or 22,23) conducting, semiconductor switch 22,23 (or 21,24) turn-offs, the rotation direction of selected series excitation DC motor, semiconductor switch 26 turn-offs, and semiconductor switch 25 is operated on off state, is driven by pulse width modulation (PWM) signal.When semiconductor switch 25 is opened, electric current is from the positive pole of input dc power potential source 1, semiconductor switch 21 (or 22) in field circuit 7, excitation winding 3, semiconductor switch 24 (or 23), armature winding 4 in the armature circuit 8, semiconductor switch 25 are got back to the negative pole of input dc power potential source 1, and series excitation DC motor starts running; When semiconductor switch 25 disconnects, under the situation that does not change the motor rotation direction, semiconductor switch 21,24 (or 22,23) keeps conducting, semiconductor switch 22,23 (or 21,24) keeps turn-offing, exciting current in the excitation winding 3 is by the semiconductor switch 21,24 (or 22,23) in the field circuit 7, the inverse parallel diode and diode 17 afterflows of semiconductor switch 22,23 (or 21,24), and the electric current in the armature winding 4 is by diode 12 afterflows.By regulating the ON time of semiconductor switch 25 in each switch periods, just ON time accounts for the ratio (duty ratio) of switch periods, just can realize the purpose of series excitation DC motor speed governing, semiconductor switch 25 conducting duty ratios are big more, series excitation DC motor rotating torque and speed are big more, otherwise more little.
During circuit working, when series excitation DC motor when rotary state need be braked, semiconductor switch 25 disconnects, under the situation that does not change the motor rotation direction, semiconductor switch 21,24 (or 22,23) keeps conducting, semiconductor switch 22,23 (or 21,24) keeps turn-offing, and original electric current is by the semiconductor switch 21,24 (or 22,23) in the field circuit 7, the inverse parallel diode and diode 17 afterflows of semiconductor switch 22,23 (or 21,24) in the excitation winding 3.Semiconductor switch 26 is operated on off state, is driven by pulse width modulation (PWM) signal.Because series excitation DC motor is at rotary state, under the effect of exciting current, series excitation DC motor is in generating state, and the mechanical energy of series excitation DC motor is converted to electric energy by armature winding 4.If there is not the afterflow exciting current, when semiconductor switch 26 is opened, electric current is from the positive pole of input dc power potential source 1, semiconductor switch 21 (or 22) in field circuit 7, excitation winding 3, semiconductor switch 24 (or 23), get back to the negative pole of input dc power potential source 1 through inductance 5, semiconductor switch 26, produce exciting current.If there is not afterflow, there is not input dc power potential source 1 yet, in series excitation DC motor under the effect of remanent magnetism, the series excitation DC motor in the rotation, the armature winding two ends can produce induced voltage.When there is voltage at the armature winding two ends, electric current is from the end of armature winding 4 near excitation winding, get back to the other end of armature winding 4 through inductance 5, semiconductor switch 26, diode 13 (or inverse parallel diode of semiconductor switch 25), the mechanical energy of series excitation DC motor is stored in the inductance 5 by the electric energy of armature winding 4 conversions simultaneously.When semiconductor switch 26 turn-offs, electric current is from the end of armature winding 4 near excitation winding, through the positive pole of inductance 5, diode 14, input dc power potential source 1, the negative pole of input dc power potential source 1, the other end that diode 13 (or inverse parallel diode of semiconductor switch 25) is got back to armature winding 4, the electric energy that makes the electric energy in the armature winding 4 and be stored in the inductance 5 is carried to input dc power potential source 1 jointly, realizes the energy feedback.When semiconductor switch 26 turn-offs, energy in the inductance 5 discharges, electric current connects an end of semiconductor switch 26 from inductance 5, through diode 14, semiconductor switch 21 (or 22), excitation winding 3, semiconductor switch 24 (or 23), get back to the other end of inductance 5, cause the exciting current in the excitation winding sharply to increase, the series excitation DC motor fast braking, cause braking wayward, and loss feedback energy, cause semiconductor switch 21 (or 22), electric current in the semiconductor switch 24 (or 23) sharply increases, in order to prevent this from occurring, under the situation that does not change the motor rotation direction, semiconductor switch 22,23 (or 21,24) continue to keep turn-offing semiconductor switch 21,24 (or 22,23) arbitrary keeps conducting, the afterflow path is provided for excitation winding 3, semiconductor switch 21,24 (or 22,23) another turn-offs, and the energy of blocking-up inductance 5 directly is added in excitation winding 3 two ends.Turn on and off the electric current in the armature winding 4 in the process at semiconductor switch 26, the current opposite in direction when opening in the armature winding 4 with semiconductor switch 25, thus realize the series excitation DC motor braking deceleration.By regulating the ON time of semiconductor switch 26 in each switch periods, just ON time accounts for the ratio (duty ratio) of switch periods, just can realize regulating the purpose of series excitation DC motor feeding braking energy back size, semiconductor switch 26 conducting duty ratios are big more, the regenerative braking effect is big more, otherwise more little.In this process, if series excitation DC motor keeps rotating under the effect of external force, disconnect the input direct-current input power supplying, draw from electric capacity 2 two ends, series excitation DC motor just outwards provides power supply as generator, by regulating the ON time of semiconductor switch 26 in each switch periods, just ON time accounts for the ratio (duty ratio) of switch periods, just can regulate and the voltage at stable electric capacity 2 two ends.
Adopt Figure 14 circuit production 50KW to have the series excitation DC motor driving control device of counter-rotating, regenerative braking, input dc power potential source 1 is the 250V DC power supply.Semiconductor switch 21,22,23,24,25,26 adopts the IGBT module.Semiconductor switch 21 and 23 is an IGBT module, and semiconductor switch 22 and 24 is an IGBT module, adopts the CM400DY-12NF module of the electric current 400A voltage 600V of MIT.Semiconductor switch 25 and 26 is the BSM400GA120DLC module of the electric current 400A voltage 1200V of Siemens.The DSEI2X101-12A module of the German IXYS of diode 17,12,13,14 usefulness company, every DSEI2X101-12A has two 91A1200V diodes, and diode 17,12,13,14 is all used two DSEI2X101-12A modules, and parallel-current is 364A.Inductance 5 is 400uH for inductance value, can be by the inductance of electric current 200A electric current.Carry out drive controlling according to 3 utmost points to semiconductor switch in the circuit in the top specific implementation method, not only realize the smooth starting, stepless speed control of series excitation DC motor, the smoothly operation of braking and reverse, and can realize energy feedback and the again utilization of series excitation DC motor when braking.When series excitation DC motor rotates, if input dc power potential source sudden power, by control, make circuit be in the generator state, braking energy is fed back as the input dc power potential source, can guarantee under powering-off state, as long as series excitation DC motor is rotating, just can carry out effectively control, can carry out level and smooth brake operating, or keep the inertia operation series excitation DC motor.Circuit structure advantages of simple, energy-saving effect are remarkable.
If there is not input dc power in a steady stream 1, when series excitation DC motor continued to rotate under external force, this device was exactly the series excitation DC motor Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT), outwards provides power supply from electric capacity 2 two ends.
Claims (11)
1. series excitation DC motor control circuit, the control series excitation DC motor starts, speed governing, counter-rotating and braking, it is characterized in that circuit is by the field circuit that comprises motor excitation winding (3) (7), the armature circuit (8) and DC voltage conversion circuit (9) three parts that comprise motor armature winding (4) are formed, DC voltage conversion circuit (9) comprises inductance (5) and first semiconductor switch (26) or comprises transformer (6) and first semiconductor switch (26), field circuit (7) has two leading-out terminals, armature circuit (8) has two leading-out terminals, after being connected in series, field circuit (7) and armature circuit (8) be connected on input dc power potential source (1) two ends, DC voltage conversion circuit (9) has four leading-out terminals, two input leading-out terminals, two output leading-out terminals, two input leading-out terminals are connected with two leading-out terminals of armature circuit (8) respectively, wherein one of DC voltage conversion circuit (9) input leading-out terminal is connected on field circuit (7) and armature circuit (8) be connected in series a little, two output leading-out terminals of DC voltage conversion circuit (9) are used to export direct voltage or the alternating voltage through after the conversion, are connected to can absorb or catabiotic voltage source or resistance or other power consumption equipments.
2. series excitation DC motor control circuit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the input of DC voltage conversion circuit (9) has two parts, and a part is the induced voltage at armature winding (4) two ends, and another part is the exciting current of excitation winding (3).
3. series excitation DC motor control circuit according to claim 1, field circuit (7) comprises excitation winding (3), diode (17), second semiconductor switch (21), the 3rd semiconductor switch (22), the 4th semiconductor switch (23) and the 5th semiconductor switch (24), second semiconductor switch (21) wherein, the 3rd semiconductor switch (22), the 4th semiconductor switch (23), the 5th semiconductor switch (24) and excitation winding (3) are formed H bridge field circuit, excitation winding (3) is positioned at the centre of this H bridge field circuit, and diode (17) inverse parallel is at the two ends up and down of this H bridge field circuit.
4. series excitation DC motor control circuit according to claim 1, armature circuit (8) comprises armature winding (4), diode (15), the 6th semiconductor switch (28), the 7th semiconductor switch (29), the 8th semiconductor switch (30) and the 9th semiconductor switch (31), the 6th semiconductor switch (28) wherein, the 7th semiconductor switch (29), the 8th semiconductor switch (30), the 9th semiconductor switch (31) and armature winding (4) are formed H bridge armature circuit, armature winding (4) is positioned at the centre of H bridge armature circuit, and diode (15) inverse parallel is at the two ends up and down of this H bridge armature circuit.
5. series excitation DC motor braking method, it is characterized in that adopting the described control circuit of claim 1, when series excitation DC motor when rotary state need be braked, utilize input dc power potential source (1) or external power supply, or the freewheel current in the excitation winding (3) is set up excitation field, or utilize remanent magnetism in the motor, thereby make series excitation DC motor armature winding (4) two ends of rotation produce induced voltage, induced voltage with armature winding (4) two ends, utilize DC voltage conversion circuit (9) to carry out drawing discharge behind the voltage transformation, realize the braking of series excitation DC motor, regulate the size of braking moment by control DC voltage conversion circuit (9).
6. series excitation DC motor braking method according to claim 5 is characterized in that, the input of DC voltage conversion circuit (9) has two parts, and a part is the induced voltage at armature winding (4) two ends, and another part is the exciting current of excitation winding (3).
7. series excitation DC motor electricity-generating method, it is characterized in that adopting the described control circuit of claim 1, when rotating under the effect of series excitation DC motor in extraneous strength, utilize input dc power potential source (1) or external power supply, or the freewheel current in the excitation winding (3) is set up excitation field, or utilize remanent magnetism in the series excitation DC motor, thereby make series excitation DC motor armature winding (4) two ends of rotation produce induced voltage, induced voltage with armature winding (4) two ends, utilize DC voltage conversion circuit (9) to carry out dividing two-way output behind the voltage transformation, one the tunnel feeds back to excitation winding (3) exciting current is provided, another road is regulated and stable electric generation output by control DC voltage conversion circuit (9) as generating output.
8. series excitation DC motor electricity-generating method according to claim 7 is characterized in that, the input of DC voltage conversion circuit (9) has two parts, and a part is the induced voltage at armature winding (4) two ends, and another part is the exciting current of excitation winding (3).
9. the series excitation DC motor control device is characterized in that adopting described control circuit of claim 1 and the described braking method of claim 5.
10. series excitation DC motor control device according to claim 9, series excitation DC motor is sudden power when rotating, and still can carry out effectively control to series excitation DC motor by self generating.
11. the series excitation DC motor Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) is characterized in that adopting described control circuit of claim 1 and the described electricity-generating method of claim 7.
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| CN2008101423830A CN101425771B (en) | 2008-08-18 | 2008-08-18 | Control circuit, braking method, energy production method and device for DC motor |
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| CN2008101423830A CN101425771B (en) | 2008-08-18 | 2008-08-18 | Control circuit, braking method, energy production method and device for DC motor |
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| CN101425771B true CN101425771B (en) | 2011-04-06 |
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2008
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