CN107106291A - 人工角膜 - Google Patents
人工角膜 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107106291A CN107106291A CN201580071250.7A CN201580071250A CN107106291A CN 107106291 A CN107106291 A CN 107106291A CN 201580071250 A CN201580071250 A CN 201580071250A CN 107106291 A CN107106291 A CN 107106291A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/14—Eye parts, e.g. lenses, corneal implants; Implanting instruments specially adapted therefor; Artificial eyes
- A61F2/142—Cornea, e.g. artificial corneae, keratoprostheses or corneal implants for repair of defective corneal tissue
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2210/00—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2210/0076—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof multilayered, e.g. laminated structures
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
- A61F2250/0039—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in diameter
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
- A61F2250/0056—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in wettability, e.g. in hydrophilic or hydrophobic behaviours
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0058—Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
- A61F2250/0091—Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for transparent or translucent
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种人工角膜(10),其包括由透明的合成胶原制成的前胶原层(12);和疏水性后层(14),所述后层(14)的前表面在所述胶原层(12)的前表面的后方。
Description
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及人工角膜,也就是替换受损角膜组织的器件。
背景技术
多种病理和意外的原因会导致眼睛的角膜受损。角膜溃疡和结疤是世界范围内视力丧失的最常见原因。溃疡可由如假单胞菌属、葡萄球菌、疱疹和真菌等造成的感染引起,以及由化学和热灼伤引起,包括有时在角膜热成形术后的灼伤。溃疡也可以与严重的维生素A和蛋白质缺乏(角膜软化)相关联地出现;出现在某些干眼症状和神经麻痹性角膜炎中;出现在患有自身免疫疾病(显然仅限于角膜)的患者的眼睛中(Mooren氏溃疡),并且与已知的系统性自身免疫疾病(如红斑狼疮和韦格纳氏肉芽肿病)以及可能的自身免疫疾病(如类风湿性关节炎)相关联地出现。溃疡有时会发展至实际穿孔并在虹膜和角膜之间形成粘连、继发性青光眼,甚至由于视神经死亡而导致的失明。然而,在通常严重损害角膜和基质的酶侵蚀后,溃疡会被阻止,而角膜像受伤的皮肤一样形成疤痕组织,其使光散射,导致视敏度丧失。角膜也可能发生其他机械损伤,如外来物体的刮伤或刺伤。出于这些原因和各种其他原因,眼睛的角膜部分必须进行手术修复或替换。
角膜移植已经变得相当普遍,特别是在美国。遗憾的是,捐赠角膜非常难以获得。即使有,捐赠的角膜也必须在捐赠人死亡之后的几天或几周内使用。
已经提出了多种器件来解决这些问题。已经尝试了玻璃、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、各种塑料、聚合物和水凝胶,取得了不同程度的成功。一种已知的人造角膜被称为波士顿型人工角膜(Boston Keratoprosthesis),其由Claes H.Dohlman博士领导的团队开发。该人工角膜包括具有杆的前板(其容纳器件的光学部分)、背板和钛锁定c形环。该器件已经由PMMA制成,但在近来的版本中,背板由钛制成。AlphaCor(Argus Biomedical PtyLtd,澳大利亚佩斯)是另一种已知的人工角膜器件。植入物是直径为7毫米的单件非刚性合成角膜。该人工角膜具有不透明、多孔且高含水率的PHEMA(聚[甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙基酯])外裙罩,以及凝胶PHEMA的透明中央光学核心。
骨-齿-人工角膜术(OOKP)是一种有很大区别的程序,其中从患者或捐赠者移除牙齿,并且使来自牙齿的组织层配置有人造镜片,该人造镜片置于组织薄层中的钻孔中。该薄层在患者的脸颊上生长数月,然后植入眼睛。眼睛首先必须通过去除眼睑的整个内表面、角膜表面和任何瘢痕组织来进行准备。这将通过植入脸颊粘膜内层的眼组织而进行替换。在将牙骨植入物置于适当位置后,在植入物上更换粘膜内层。
角膜人工假体移植手术中的一种已知的术后并发症被称为角膜融化。角膜上皮缺陷使融化过程开始,无法再形成上皮,导致感染或营养过程和随后的器件失效。在分子水平上,免疫介体和胶原酶攻击角膜基质。角膜融化的两个最常见的原因是单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)角膜炎和遗留的透镜材料。另一种并发症是一种人工角膜前(后)膜(retroprostheticmembrane,RPM),其特征在于通常由致密的无血管组织构成的后层片开口的炎性/纤维性重新闭合。
发明内容
本发明意图提供一种新型改进的人工角膜,其如下文进一步详细描述。
根据本发明的实施方式,提供了一种人工角膜,其包括由透明的合成胶原制成的前胶原层和由具有良好或相对良好的水封性或疏水性的材料制成的后层(例如硅树脂层)。后层的前部粘附至前层的后部。所述层可以具有相同的尺寸或不同的尺寸,也就是说,相比于前层,后层可以具有更大的半径、相同的半径或更小的半径。
附图说明
本发明将结合附图通过以下详细描述更全面地理解和领会,附图中:
图1是根据本发明的一个实施方式构造和操作的人工角膜的简化正视图图示。
图2是图1的人工角膜根据本发明的一个实施方式的截面图。
图3是图1的人工角膜根据本发明的另一实施方式的截面图。
具体实施方式
现在参考图1,其示出了的根据一个实施方式构造和操作的人工角膜10。
人工角膜10包括由透明合成胶原制成并形成为角膜扣状体的中心胶原层12。胶原层12的光学性质针对特定患者进行选择,其例如但不限于凸度、光学功率和折射性。后层14由具有良好水封性或疏水性的材料制成,所述材料例如但不限于PMMA或硅树脂等。
胶原层12的厚度为100μm~550μm而没有限制,且直径大于后层14。由于其直更大,胶原层12与接受者的天然眼组织完全360度外周接触。这种自然接触应当消除了角膜融化的问题。然而,本发明不限于此,并且胶原层12相对于后层14可以具有相同的尺寸或更小的尺寸。后层14可以完全位于胶原层12的后方(即,在下面)(图2和图3),或者可以置于一块胶原层12中(如图2中用虚线示出的)。在任何情况下,后层14的前表面(即最前表面)处在胶原层12的前表面(即最前表面)的后方。
后层14的前表面可以粘合到胶原层12的后表面。合适的粘合剂包括例如但不限于聚-L-赖氨酸和聚-D-赖氨酸或聚合的N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(pNIPAM)。
前胶原层用作角膜基质(主体),并且在上皮保留良好的患者中将被宿主上皮覆盖。在图2的实施方式中,另外的前层16设置在胶原层12上。另外的前层16可以由接受者的上皮细胞制成,其生长在胶原层12上。作为另选,在图3的实施方式中,另外的前层16A是由适当的透镜材料构成的接触式透镜,该材料例如但不限于PMMA、刚性透气(RGP)聚合物、丙烯酸树脂和硅树脂等。接触式透镜将用于那些有上皮细胞生长问题(如角膜表面问题)的患者。
Claims (12)
1.一种器件,其包括:
人工角膜(10),所述人工角膜包括由透明的合成胶原制成的前胶原层(12);和
疏水性后层(14),所述后层(14)的最前表面在所述前层(12)的最前表面的后方。
2.如权利要求1所述的器件,其还包括位于所述胶原层(12)的最前表面上的另外的前层(16,16A)。
3.如权利要求2所述的器件,其中,所述另外的前层(16)由所述器件的接受者的上皮细胞制成。
4.如权利要求2所述的器件,其中,所述另外的前层(16A)包括接触式透镜。
5.如权利要求1所述的器件,其中,所述胶原层(12)与所述疏水性后层(14)粘合。
6.如权利要求1所述的器件,其中,所述胶原层(12)的直径大于所述后层(14)的直径。
7.如权利要求1所述的器件,其中,所述胶原层(12)的直径等于所述后层(14)的直径。
8.如权利要求1所述的器件,其中,所述胶原层(12)的直径小于所述后层(14)的直径。
9.如权利要求5所述的器件,其中,使用粘合剂使所述胶原层(12)与所述疏水性后层(14)粘合。
10.如权利要求9所述的器件,其中,所述粘合剂包括聚-L-赖氨酸。
11.如权利要求9所述的器件,其中,所述粘合剂包括聚-D-赖氨酸。
12.如权利要求9所述的器件,其中,所述粘合剂包括聚合的N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(pNIPAM)。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/583,862 US20160184084A1 (en) | 2014-12-29 | 2014-12-29 | Keratoprosthesis |
US14/583,862 | 2014-12-29 | ||
PCT/IB2015/060013 WO2016108175A1 (en) | 2014-12-29 | 2015-12-28 | Keratoprosthesis |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN107106291A true CN107106291A (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
Family
ID=55349886
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201580071250.7A Pending CN107106291A (zh) | 2014-12-29 | 2015-12-28 | 人工角膜 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20160184084A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3240505B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2018501065A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN107106291A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2972202C (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2698416T3 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2016108175A1 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109907861A (zh) * | 2019-04-22 | 2019-06-21 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | 一种多功能性角膜植片 |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11026778B2 (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2021-06-08 | Massachusetts Eye And Ear Infirmary | Keratoprosthesis apparatuses, systems, and methods |
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2014
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2015
- 2015-12-28 JP JP2017552539A patent/JP2018501065A/ja active Pending
- 2015-12-28 EP EP15832957.3A patent/EP3240505B1/en active Active
- 2015-12-28 CN CN201580071250.7A patent/CN107106291A/zh active Pending
- 2015-12-28 ES ES15832957T patent/ES2698416T3/es active Active
- 2015-12-28 WO PCT/IB2015/060013 patent/WO2016108175A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-12-28 CA CA2972202A patent/CA2972202C/en active Active
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2017
- 2017-06-01 US US15/610,908 patent/US20170265991A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US20100185281A1 (en) * | 2009-01-18 | 2010-07-22 | Ofer Daphna | Hydrophobic pseudo-endothelial implants for treating corneal edema |
CN102368975A (zh) * | 2009-01-18 | 2012-03-07 | 莫尔研究应用有限公司 | 用于治疗角膜水肿的疏水性假内皮植入物 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN109907861A (zh) * | 2019-04-22 | 2019-06-21 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | 一种多功能性角膜植片 |
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CA2972202A1 (en) | 2016-07-07 |
EP3240505A1 (en) | 2017-11-08 |
WO2016108175A1 (en) | 2016-07-07 |
JP2018501065A (ja) | 2018-01-18 |
CA2972202C (en) | 2023-04-04 |
US20170265991A1 (en) | 2017-09-21 |
US20160184084A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 |
ES2698416T3 (es) | 2019-02-04 |
EP3240505B1 (en) | 2018-09-05 |
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