CN107103405B - Crowdsourcing system based on block chain technology and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Crowdsourcing system based on block chain technology and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a crowdsourcing system based on a block chain technology and a construction method thereof, wherein the crowdsourcing system comprises an application layer, a block chain layer and a data storage layer which are sequentially connected, the block chain layer comprises a plurality of blocks which are connected with one another, and each block comprises an intelligent contract template; the application layer is used for editing and entering employer and worker information; the intelligent contract template is used for registering user information, achieving user task crowdsourcing conditions, summarizing task crowdsourcing results and creating and modifying an intelligent contract; the data storage layer is used for storing detailed description information of tasks of the original data information and task result uploading information; and the hash value of the original data information is stored by the block chain layer. The invention can automatically complete the transaction without passing through a third-party agency by an employer and workers, and the data of the block chain layer does not depend on a central database, so that the problem of single-point failure does not exist, and the data has non-tampering property and traceability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of network space security, in particular to a crowdsourcing system based on a block chain technology and a construction method thereof.
Background
In recent years, more and more businesses have begun to choose crowd sourcing as one mode of work for their task. Crowdsourcing is one of the e-commerce modes, and provides solutions for enterprises, individuals and the like by gathering workers in various places around the world, and covers fields including engineering, web page development, artistic design and the like. Among the numerous crowdsourcing platforms, such as freelance, oedesk, Amazon Mechanical turn, UBER, and hog octal, employers post tasks on third party crowdsourcing platforms and the workers compete to provide paid services to the employers.
The appearance of a professional crowdsourcing platform solves the practical requirements in certain specific industries, completes the task through the Internet to obtain the reward, breaks through the limitation of regions and time, uses the forms of lottery rewarding, online bidding, point-to-point employment and the like, and promotes the optimized utilization of various resources. For example, a pig eight-ring net is established in 2006, and millions of witness groups are accumulated until now, and the accumulated transaction amount is about 50 hundred million; the number of active customers in the last year exceeds 160 million, and the transaction amount exceeds 20 hundred million.
In traditional crowdsourcing models, employers and workers almost all need to rely on trusted third parties to handle tasks dispatching, trading, and task evaluation. While such systems work well in most cases, they are subject to a "credit-based model" as do conventional financial institutions, and the centralized server creates a single point of failure problem. In recent years, many accidents have occurred due to over centralized management of services, mainly aiming at system availability and privacy disclosure. The most well-known crowdsourcing companies in these accidents, such as freelance and UBER, 2014, UBER-china, presented the problem of preventing users from closing and stopping orders due to a server failure. Another example is that for freelance 10 months 2015, the OAIC organization found that freelance would use one bit before the user's private information against privacy laws: IP addresses, pseudonyms and other details are published. Another problem in the traditional crowdsourcing model is that the amount of the tasks in the existing crowdsourcing process is preserved by the third party platform, and the default employer and worker believe that the third party platform as a broker will not engulf the amount of the tasks, which is not always the case. In addition, the presence of third party brokering agencies, employers increase expenditure costs and workers reduce revenue costs, such as oDesk, which acts as an intermediary between buyers and contractors, where buyers can contract directly with labor, pay free-workers and communicate with them using an oDesk platform, and which draws varying amounts of 5% to 20% of commissions from them, and a potential problem is that many crowdsourcing agencies, as result evaluators, evaluate tasks and sometimes compromise the benefits of requesters and workers.
At present, the traditional crowdsourcing solution needs to rely on a trusted third party to design a corresponding trust mechanism, an incentive mechanism and result quality evaluation, and with the increasing occurrence of trust crisis of more and more third parties, it becomes a very necessary matter to design a crowdsourcing model which does not need to rely on an untrusted third party. In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a novel solution, combining blockchain skills with crowdsourcing mode, to solve the problem of not requiring a trusted third party by making contracts, and based on the model, employers and workers can perform fair transactions using the solution provided by the present invention, employers obtain the desired solution, and workers obtain paid services therefrom.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides a crowdsourcing system based on a blockchain technology and a construction method thereof, wherein the processes of issuing, receiving, evaluating and the like of tasks are written into a blockchain layer platform in the form of an intelligent contract, an employer and workers can automatically complete transactions without a credible third-party intermediary agency, and data of the blockchain layer does not depend on a central database, so that the problem of single-point failure does not exist, and the data has non-tamper-ability and traceability.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a crowd-sourcing system based on a block chain technology comprises an application layer, a block chain layer and a data storage layer which are sequentially connected, wherein the block chain layer comprises a plurality of interconnected blocks, and each block comprises an intelligent contract template; the application layer is used for editing and inputting information of employers and workers according to the content of the intelligent contract template; the intelligent contract template is used for registering user information, achieving user task crowdsourcing conditions, summarizing task crowdsourcing results and creating and modifying an intelligent contract; the data storage layer is used for storing detailed description information of tasks of the original data information and task result uploading information; the hash value of the original data information is stored by the block chain layer, so that the integrity and the non-traceability of data are ensured; the block chain layer belongs to a decentralized platform which is not controlled by a third party, and a consensus mechanism based on a public chain model is adopted.
Further, the intelligent contract template comprises a user registration contract, a user summary contract, a task summary contract and a task receiving contract; wherein
The user registration contract comprises: the method comprises the following steps that user personal basic information, address information of a user summary contract and user type information are obtained;
the user summary contract comprises: the system comprises a credibility value, task summarizing information and a task list, wherein the credibility value is evaluated by an employer for a completed task, and the task summarizing information is automatically calculated according to the completed task submitted by a worker;
the task summary contract comprises: task address information, status information, and owner information; the task summary information is automatically updated along with the change of task update information issued by an employer and the content information of the task acceptance contract;
the task receipt contract is used for completing the mutual requirements between the employer and the worker, and comprises the following steps: locking and distributing task commission, limiting task completion time, submitting tasks, evaluating task completion conditions and evaluating a mutually trusted third party; the task commission is locked through a third-party platform of the block chain layer, and is unlocked until the task time limit; within the task completion time limit, if the worker submits the task result and gets the recognition of the employer, the task commission is automatically transferred to the account of the worker through a contract, and the employer gives a certain credit evaluation to the worker; if the task result is not submitted to the task repository within the task completion time limit, the commission is automatically transferred back to the employer account, and the employer evaluates the work completion degree and the credibility degree of the worker; and if the dispute between the two parties occurs, entrusting a third-party platform of the block chain layer to evaluate the work completion degree.
Further, the data storage layer encapsulates a plurality of block chain task interfaces, and the data storage layer is connected with the block chain layer through the block chain task interfaces.
Further, the selection of the block chain layer is based on the existing third-party block chain platform, and the evaluation is performed according to the throughput, the storage capacity, the node number and whether the intelligent contract is supported or not of the third-party block chain platform, and the intelligent contract which is large in throughput, large in node number and complete in support of pictures is selected as the third-party block chain platform of the block chain layer.
The invention also aims to provide a construction method of the crowdsourcing system based on the block chain technology, which comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, employers and workers need to complete registration of personal information based on intelligent contracts in an application layer, the application layer sends the compiled intelligent contracts to a blockchain layer, each node of the blockchain layer confirms the information of the intelligent contracts, and after the confirmation is completed, user registration information is stored in a blockchain platform;
s2, the employer issues task information according to the intelligent contract of the block chain layer, the task information content comprises appointed completion time, completion reward and completion requirement information, and the worker searches and checks the task information through the task management contract at the application layer;
s3, receiving task information of an employer by the workers according to personal requirements, and submitting a preliminary solution of the task; the employer screens out an optimal scheme from the primary schemes of numerous workers and signs an agreement with the corresponding worker based on an intelligent contract template;
s4, the worker regularly releases the task state in the task processing process, and the employer inquires the current state information of the task in the block chain layer;
and S5, after the task processing is finished, the employer and the workers finish the processing of commission allocation and task completion condition evaluation according to the intelligent contract, the data storage layer stores the task result information uploaded by the workers, and the employer acquires the final task processing result from the data storage layer.
Further, the blockchain layer platform of step S1 is isolated from the data storage layer, the task summary data is stored in the blockchain layer platform, the task summary data includes a hash value of the original data information, and the rest of the detailed data is stored in the data storage layer.
Further, the task status of step S4 includes waiting for uploading, not receiving, received, under evaluation, canceling, and completing, and the task status change can only be operated by the operator of the task; the status of the task shows that it is receivable to all workers when pending upload and unreceived status, and only for workers who have received the task, employers when in the received, in-process, cancelled, and on-completion status.
Further, the personal information of the employer and the worker of the step S1 is encrypted by adopting an IBE public key encryption algorithm; the task privacy part data refers to a task result expressed in a digital form, and is encrypted by adopting an IBE public key encryption algorithm; after the employer screens the workers who can bid, the worker public key is used for encrypting the task privacy part, and the designated workers can only use the private key to carry out divulge and check.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
(1) by the system, a certain proportion of bonus is not required to be provided as commission, and only some transaction fees for executing the intelligent contract are required to be provided, so that the transaction cost of an employer and a worker is effectively reduced;
(2) in the invention, the employer and the worker automatically complete the issuing, receiving and evaluating of the task through the intelligent contract without the participation of the middle person, thereby reducing the middle complex processing flow and effectively improving the work efficiency of task completion;
(3) in the invention, personal registration information of an employer and workers, detailed information of a released task and a task result are all stored in a cloud platform in an encryption mode, so that the problem that personal privacy data need to be leaked by a third-party platform is avoided;
(4) the employer and the workers do not need to rely on a third-party platform to evaluate the task result, but select any user with credible two parties to evaluate the task, and the fairness of task crowdsourcing is enhanced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block chain technique-based crowdsourcing system hierarchy diagram according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an intelligent contract model constructed by a crowdsourcing system based on a block chain technology according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating task state updating in a method for building a crowdsourcing system based on a blockchain technique according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a task state machine in the construction method of a crowdsourcing system based on a blockchain technique according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a system task state model transition diagram of the building method of the crowdsourcing system based on the blockchain technology according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, in the present application, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict, and the present application is further described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention relates to a crowd-sourcing system construction scheme based on a block chain technology, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) crowdsourcing system data management and sharing framework based on blockchain techniques.
The method comprises the steps of isolating a block chain layer from a data storage layer, placing summary information of tasks in the block chain layer, and storing a detailed system in the data storage layer through an external interface, wherein an application layer and the block chain layer are used as logic layers, an intelligent contract of the system runs in the logic layers, and a system frame level frame diagram is shown in figure 1.
● application layer: belongs to the uppermost layer and has two main purposes: for employers and workers to perform intelligent contract-based task crowd sourcing and contract compilation runs. The invention designs four universal trading contract templates, namely a user registration contract, a user summary contract, a task summary contract and a task receiving contract, and by utilizing the intelligent contract template, an employer and a worker can quickly perform identity registration and process a task flow only by modifying a configuration file provided by a platform without understanding an intelligent contract code. The field definitions and corresponding relations of each of the four trading contract templates are shown in fig. 2, the user summary contracts can be managed through user registration contracts, in addition, employers and workers in the user summary contracts can achieve task receiving contracts, and finally, each task receiving contract corresponds to one piece of task information and is stored in the task summary contracts. The invention provides a task query function for users, an employer can query the current running state of a submitted task, and the worker can search the task information to be completed according to the state mark and bid according to the task requirement.
● Block chain layer: belongs to the middle layer, any supporting intelligent platform can be selected as a block chain platform. For example, the ether house is used as a blockchain platform, and the ether house can establish and release a new generation of distributed application platform to support the writing of intelligent contracts in a programming manner. The method comprises the steps that a contract compiled by an application layer is sent to a block chain layer through an RPC interface, miners confirm the effectiveness of the contract, if the contract is confirmed to pass, the contract is written into a block chain data layer, metadata information is written into the block chain layer, detailed data is written into a data storage layer on the lower layer, and the block chain layer guarantees the consistency of information stored by all nodes on the basis of a consensus mechanism provided by an Ethernet platform.
● data storage layer: the data storage layer belongs to the bottommost layer, and metadata are stored in the block chain layer, so that the mode that detailed data exist in the storage layer is beneficial to reducing the size of the data in the block chain, and the reading and writing efficiency on the block chain is improved. In the invention, the open interface mode is adopted to support the cloud platform storage mode (such as S3, IPFS and Syndicate) and the DHT storage mode, a user does not need to trust the authenticity of the data of the layer, the hash values of all data are recorded at the block chain layer, and the integrity of the data can be checked at the layer.
(2) And (3) carrying out intelligent contract design on the crowdsourcing system based on the block chain technology.
The User's Registration Contract (URC) contains the following information: user personal basic information (optionally disclosing identity information), user summary contract address information and user type information; the user registration contract can inquire the task completion degree condition related to the user, the contract is published in the block chain platform, and all other users can inquire the contract. Only the user who has registered the URC contract can issue and receive tasks in the system.
User Summary Contract (USC) information contains: the system comprises a credibility value, task summarizing information and a task list, wherein the credibility value is evaluated by an employer for a completed task, the task summarizing information is automatically calculated by the task submitted by a worker, and once the task state in other contracts is changed, the task state information of a corresponding address is automatically updated through a contract address.
The Task Summary Contract (TSC) information includes: all published task address information, state information and owner information in the block chain platform, and the task summary information is automatically updated along with the release of tasks and the receipt of contract contents of the tasks by an employer.
The task receipt contract (RWRC) primarily accomplishes the mutual requirement that employers and workers agree on task completion, including: task commission locking and distribution (Deposit), task completion time definition, task submission, task completion evaluation, and mutually trusted third party evaluation. Employer commissions are locked through the blockchain platform until the task time limit is reached. Within the mission completion time agreed in the RWRC, if the worker submits the mission results and gets the employer's approval, the commission is automatically transferred to the worker account by the contract, the employer gives the worker a certain reputation rating, if the mission results are not submitted to the mission repository within the completion time, the commission is automatically transferred back to the employer account, while the employer gives the worker a job completion rating and reputation. And if the dispute between the two parties occurs, trusting a third party group trusted by the two parties in the intelligent contract platform to evaluate the work completion degree.
(3) And designing an intelligent contract model which can be operated by a user.
The four intelligent contracts designed by the invention are packaged with external interfaces, users are supported to carry out input, query and update operations on the contracts, the intelligent contracts are formed into block packaging and linked into block chains, and the block chains are transmitted to the block chains through the interfaces. The method provides operation interfaces such as user task input and update, the interface does not need to be deployed by a central server, interface codes are published in an open source, a user can directly download the interface codes, a local browser is used for opening the interface codes, a common chain-based docking mechanism is designed in the interface codes, and task information is written into a block chain platform in an intelligent contract form. As shown in fig. 3, the user operates the static code designed by the present invention to link with the blockchain platform based on the local IE, google, and firefox browser, and modifies the state information of the task through the intelligent contract.
As shown in FIG. 4, the present invention identifies the lifecycle of a task using six states: pending upload, not received, in evaluation, completed, timeout. Tasks are pending for upload after being submitted by the employer before being acknowledged by the blockchain layer platform node. And the task confirms that the task is written into the block chain and enters a non-receiving state, the worker searches all task information to be uploaded and not received in the platform, and the worker acquires the processing right of the task by providing a preliminary scheme. If no worker receives processing within the time allotted by the employer, the task times out. Then, the employer selects the optimal scheme from the schemes of numerous authors, and the employer signs a task receiving intelligent contract with the optimal scheme, and the task enters a receiving state. After the worker submits the results of the assignment, the employer evaluates the assignment. And finishing the evaluation, finishing the life cycle of the task, and finally finishing the task.
As shown in FIG. 5, the execution of the task state change process on the blockchain platform is described, with the task in an unreceived state after being submitted by the employer; the worker finds the task to reach an agreement with the employer, and the task enters a receiving state; after the worker finishes the task submitting result, the task finally enters a finishing state.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various equivalent changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A crowdsourcing system based on a block chain technology is characterized by comprising an application layer, a block chain layer and a data storage layer which are sequentially connected, wherein the block chain layer comprises a plurality of interconnected blocks, and each block comprises an intelligent contract template; the application layer is used for editing and inputting information of employers and workers according to the content of the intelligent contract template; the intelligent contract template is used for registering user information, achieving user task crowdsourcing conditions, summarizing task crowdsourcing results and creating and modifying an intelligent contract; the data storage layer is used for storing detailed description information of tasks of the original data information and task result uploading information; the hash value of the original data information is stored by the block chain layer, so that the integrity and the non-traceability of data are ensured; the block chain layer belongs to a decentralized platform which is not controlled by a third party, and a consensus mechanism based on a public chain model is adopted;
the block chain layer belongs to the middle layer, any intelligent contract platform is selected as the block chain platform to provide a user task input and update operation interface, the interface is not required to be deployed by a central server, an interface code is published in an open source mode, a user directly downloads the interface code and opens the interface code by using a local browser, a butt joint mechanism based on a public chain is designed in the interface code, and task information is written into the block chain platform in an intelligent contract mode;
the construction process of the crowdsourcing system comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, employers and workers need to complete registration of personal information based on intelligent contracts in an application layer, the application layer sends the compiled intelligent contracts to a blockchain layer, each node of the blockchain layer confirms the information of the intelligent contracts, and after the confirmation is completed, user registration information is stored in a blockchain platform;
s2, the employer issues task information according to the intelligent contract of the block chain layer, the task information content comprises appointed completion time, completion reward and completion requirement information, and the worker searches and checks the task information through the task management contract at the application layer;
s3, receiving task information of an employer by the workers according to personal requirements, and submitting a preliminary solution of the task; the employer screens out an optimal scheme from the primary schemes of numerous workers and signs an agreement with the corresponding worker based on an intelligent contract template;
s4, the worker regularly releases the task state in the task processing process, and the employer inquires the current state information of the task in the block chain layer;
s5, after the task processing is finished, the employer and the workers finish the processing of commission allocation and task completion condition evaluation according to the intelligent contract, the data storage layer stores the task result information uploaded by the workers, and the employer obtains the final task processing result from the data storage layer;
the intelligent contract template comprises a user registration contract, a user summary contract, a task summary contract and a task receiving contract; wherein the user registration contract comprises: the method comprises the following steps that user personal basic information, address information of a user summary contract and user type information are obtained;
the user summary contract comprises: the system comprises a credibility value, task summarizing information and a task list, wherein the credibility value is evaluated by an employer for a completed task, and the task summarizing information is automatically calculated according to the completed task submitted by a worker;
the task summary contract comprises: task address information, status information, and owner information; the task summary information is automatically updated along with the change of task update information issued by an employer and the content information of the task acceptance contract;
the task receipt contract is used for completing the mutual requirements between the employer and the worker, and comprises the following steps: locking and distributing task commission, limiting task completion time, submitting tasks, evaluating task completion conditions and evaluating a mutually trusted third party; the task commission is locked through a third-party platform of the block chain layer, and is unlocked until the task time limit; within the task completion time limit, if the worker submits the task result and gets the recognition of the employer, the task commission is automatically transferred to the account of the worker through a contract, and the employer gives credit evaluation to the worker; if the task result is not submitted to the task repository within the task completion time limit, the commission is automatically transferred back to the employer account, and the employer evaluates the work completion degree and the credibility degree of the worker; and if the dispute between the two parties occurs, entrusting a third-party platform of the block chain layer to evaluate the work completion degree.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the data store layer encapsulates a plurality of blockchain task interfaces, and wherein the data store layer is coupled to the blockchain layer via the blockchain task interfaces.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the blockchain layer is selected based on an existing third-party blockchain platform, and the intelligent contract with high throughput, large node number and complete support is selected as the third-party blockchain platform of the blockchain layer according to the throughput, storage capacity, node number of the third-party blockchain platform and whether the intelligent contract is supported or not.
4. A method for building a crowdsourcing system based on a blockchain technology, wherein the crowdsourcing system is the crowdsourcing system of any one of claims 1-3, and the method for building the crowdsourcing system comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, employers and workers need to complete registration of personal information based on intelligent contracts in an application layer, the application layer sends the compiled intelligent contracts to a blockchain layer, each node of the blockchain layer confirms the information of the intelligent contracts, and after the confirmation is completed, user registration information is stored in a blockchain platform;
s2, the employer issues task information according to the intelligent contract of the block chain layer, the task information content comprises appointed completion time, completion reward and completion requirement information, and the worker searches and checks the task information through the task management contract at the application layer;
s3, receiving task information of an employer by the workers according to personal requirements, and submitting a preliminary solution of the task; the employer screens out an optimal scheme from the primary schemes of numerous workers and signs an agreement with the corresponding worker based on an intelligent contract template;
s4, the worker regularly releases the task state in the task processing process, and the employer inquires the current state information of the task in the block chain layer;
s5, after the task processing is finished, the employer and the workers finish the processing of commission allocation and task completion condition evaluation according to the intelligent contract, the data storage layer stores the task result information uploaded by the workers, and the employer obtains the final task processing result from the data storage layer;
the block chain layer platform and the data storage layer in the step S1 are isolated, the task summary data is stored in the block chain layer platform, the task summary data includes the hash value of the original data information, and the rest of the detailed data is stored in the data storage layer.
5. The method for building a crowdsourcing system based on blockchain technology as claimed in claim 4, wherein the task status of step S4 includes pending upload, not received, under evaluation, cancelled and completed, and the task status change is only operable by an operator of the task; the status of the task shows that it is receivable to all workers when pending upload and unreceived status, and only for workers who have received the task, employers when in received, in-process, cancelled, and completed status.
6. The building method of the crowd-sourcing system based on blockchain technology as claimed in claim 4, wherein the personal information of the employer and the worker of the step S1 is encrypted by IBE public key encryption algorithm; the task privacy part data refers to a task result expressed in a digital form, and is encrypted by adopting an IBE public key encryption algorithm; after the employer screens the workers who can bid, the worker public key is used for encrypting the task privacy part, and the appointed workers can decrypt and view the private key.
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