CN107091126B - 蒸汽涡轮内壳部件及其维修方法 - Google Patents

蒸汽涡轮内壳部件及其维修方法 Download PDF

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CN107091126B
CN107091126B CN201710086215.3A CN201710086215A CN107091126B CN 107091126 B CN107091126 B CN 107091126B CN 201710086215 A CN201710086215 A CN 201710086215A CN 107091126 B CN107091126 B CN 107091126B
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K.维德曼
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    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
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    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
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    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种内壳部件(10)及其维修方法，其构造成形成轴流式蒸汽涡轮的末级(20)的蒸汽流路径(22)的一部分，蒸汽涡轮内壳部件(10)具有由球墨铸铁制成的基部(12)和在基部(12)上在暴露于蒸汽流路径(22)的区域中的由奥氏体锰钢构成的覆层(14)。

Description

蒸汽涡轮内壳部件及其维修方法
技术领域
本发明大体涉及蒸汽涡轮内壳部件而更具体地涉及材料成分、结构及其维修方法。
背景技术
球墨铸铁诸如延展性铸铁等级GGG40(DIN)是一种用于制造一些在发电中所用的低压蒸汽涡轮的内壳的常见材料。这样的机器可能在内壳那里、特别是在与末级旋转叶片的顶端对角相对的区域中超时经受水滴侵蚀，在这些区域处凝结的蒸汽典型地在末级叶片的顶端区域处从末级叶片离心至内壳以影响和侵蚀内壳。虽然相同的现象可能发生在其他上游涡轮级处，但是该问题在末级处最大，因为该区域典型地具有最高的凝结集中。
该侵蚀减小壳体壁厚，这可能需要维修表面。基本上公认，材料抗腐蚀性通常随着硬度和脆性增加而增加。虽然这样的材料可通过激光沉积方法来施加，但是因为焊接沉积通常更快且没那么昂贵，使用焊接沉积方法将是有利的。然而，硬的和脆的材料通常较难成形并且难以或者不可能来焊接。
备选的激光沉积涉及安装防蚀环，其被插入和机加工到最受腐蚀影响的内壳的区域中。由于环材料不受焊接的限制所限，该环可由比球墨铸铁具有更大的水滴侵蚀复原能力的铁素体钢制成，因此显著地增加内壳的寿命。然而，虽然具有一些优点，该方法会比合适的焊接方案(假如被开发)更昂贵并且另外具有与激光沉积方法相同的缺点(即具有比焊接方法更长的维修/安装时间)。
加工硬化不锈钢是已知的适合用于焊补的材料。该类型材料的优点是当应用时其可具有200Brindell的硬度，使其适合于焊接。尽管如此在冲击和/或压缩磨损下使用时，材料的硬度可被增加500Brindell。直到现在还认为蒸汽涡轮的条件不会提供所需的冷加工硬化材料，因此使材料易受磨损和腐蚀。
发明内容
提供一种用于球墨铸铁低压蒸汽涡轮内壳(其形成蒸汽涡轮的末级)的设计和制造方法，其解决了水侵蚀问题。
尝试通过独立权利要求的主题来解决该问题。在从属权利要求中给出有利的实施例。
一通用方面提供了焊接冷作硬化不锈钢的覆层，其可延展且容易焊接至内壳的至少一个易受侵蚀的区域。在使用中覆层由于水滴冲击而加工硬化以形成抗侵蚀的硬化的表面。虽然已知侵蚀性的表面处理(诸如以硬物来表面处理)可加工硬化某些材料，意想不到的在特性上在蒸汽涡轮的流动路径中发现的通过水滴加工硬化的效果提供了使用加工硬化材料以覆层和/或维修被水滴侵蚀的蒸汽涡轮内壳部件的意想不到的优点。
一个方面提供一种内壳部件，其构造成形成轴流式蒸汽涡轮的末级的蒸汽流路径的一部分，该蒸汽涡轮内壳部件具有由球墨铸铁制成的基部和在基部上在暴露于蒸汽流路径的区域中的覆层，该覆层由奥氏体锰钢且更具体地通过编号EN1,4370所定义的材料(其是加工硬化的钢)构成。
在另一方面中，末级包括静止的导叶排和下游的旋转的叶片排，其中，覆层位于径向上在旋转的叶片排与基部之间的区域中。
另一通用方面提供一种用于制造内壳部件的方法，该内壳部件具有基部，其构造成形成轴流式低压蒸汽涡轮的末级的蒸汽流路径的一部分。该方法包括将奥氏体锰钢的覆层在运行期间暴露于蒸汽流路径的区域中施加至基部的步骤。
在又一方面中，施加覆层的区域径向上在旋转的叶片排与基部之间。
在又一方面中，该方法是一种用于维修基部的腐蚀损坏的方法。
本发明的另一目标是克服或至少改善现有技术的缺点和不足或者另外提供一种有用的备选方案。
结合附图(其通过示例示出本发明的示范性实施例)从以下说明中，本公开的其他方面和优点将变得显而易见。
附图说明
通过示例，以下参考附图更充分地来说明本公开内容的实施例，其中：
图1示出了本公开的一示例性实施例可应用于的蒸汽涡轮的一部分的截面图；以及
图2示出了图1的截面的扩大图，其示出一示例性实施例的覆层。
附图标记清单
10 壳体部件
12 基部
14 覆层
16 导叶
18 叶片
20 级
22 流动路径。
具体实施方式
现在参考附图来说明本公开的示例性实施例，其中，相似的附图标记全文中被指相似的元件。在接下来的说明中，为了解释，阐述了大量具体细节以提供本公开的充分理解。然而，本公开可在没有这些具体细节的情况下来实践并且不限于本文中所公开的示例性的实施例。
图1示出了示例性实施例可应用于的轴流式蒸汽涡轮的截面。示出了内壳部件10、蒸汽流路径22和末级20，其包括静止的导叶排16和下游的旋转的叶片排18。
内壳部件10形成了轴向蒸汽流路径22的径向外部界限，由此部分地限定了轴向的蒸汽流路径22。内壳部件10可附加地提供承载器件用于承载一个或多个静止的导叶排16。如在图1中所示，内壳部件10可形成蒸汽涡轮的内壳的仅一部分。也就是说，内壳部件10是若干部件中的一个部件。备选地，内壳部件10可限定蒸汽涡轮的内壳。
如在图1中所示，静止的导叶排16包含在轴向的蒸汽流路径22内，导叶排各自在下游继之有叶片排18，这是对应于额定流动方向或工作流体经过流动路径22的轴向。包含在流动路径22内的最后的导叶排16/叶片排18组合限定了涡轮的末级22。
在图2中示出的示例性实施例中，内壳部件包括由球墨铸铁制成的基部12和在基部12上位于暴露于蒸汽流路径22的区域中的覆层14。覆层14由奥氏体锰钢(其在示例性的实施例中由编号EN1.4370来定义)构成。
在示例性的实施例中，覆层14位于径向上在旋转的叶片排18与基部12之间的区域中，其中，径向被限定在垂直于旋转的叶片排18的旋转轴线的方向上。
另一示例性实施例涉及一种用于制造如在图2中所示的蒸汽涡轮内壳部件10的方法。该示例性的方法涉及将奥氏体锰钢的覆层14在操作期间暴露于蒸汽流路径22的区域中施加至基部12，其中，在示例性的实施例中，该区域是径向上在旋转的叶片排18与基部12之间的部位。
在示例性的实施例中，该施加通过焊接进行。
在另一示例性的实施例中，该方法是一种用于维修基部12的腐蚀损坏的方法。
尽管本公开已在本文中以被认为是最实用的示例性实施例来示出和说明，应理解的是本公开可以其它细节来体现。例如，尽管已说明了一种加工硬化奥氏体锰钢，但是示例性的奥氏体锰钢可被适合于颗粒蒸汽涡轮应用的其它冷作硬化不锈钢代替。当前公开的实施例因此在各个方面都被认为是说明性的而非限制性的。本公开的范围由所附的权利要求而不是前述说明来指示并且在意义和范围内的所有变化及其等同物意图被包括在其中。

Claims (6)

1.一种内壳部件(10)，其构造成形成轴流式蒸汽涡轮的末级(20)的蒸汽流路径(22)的一部分，所述蒸汽涡轮内壳部件(10)具有：
由球墨铸铁制成的基部(12)；和
在所述基部(12)上在暴露于所述蒸汽流路径(22)的区域中的由奥氏体锰钢构成的覆层(14)，其中，所述奥氏体锰钢由编号EN1.4370来定义。
2.根据权利要求1所述的内壳部件(10)，其中，所述末级(20)包括静止的导叶排(16)和下游的旋转的叶片排(18)，其中，所述覆层(14)位于径向上在旋转的叶片排(18)与所述基部(12)之间的区域中。
3.一种用于制造内壳部件(10)的方法，所述内壳部件具有基部(12)，其构造成形成轴流式低压蒸汽涡轮的末级(20)的蒸汽流路径(22)的一部分，所述方法包括以下步骤：将奥氏体锰钢的覆层(14)在运行期间暴露于所述蒸汽流路径(22)的区域中施加至所述基部(12)，其中，所述奥氏体锰钢由编号EN1.4370来定义。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，所述末级(20)包括静止的导叶排(16)和下游的旋转的叶片排(18)，其中，所述覆层(14)在径向上在旋转的叶片排(18)与所述基部(12)之间的部位中被施加至所述内壳部件(10)。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，所述覆层(14)通过焊接来施加。
6.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，所述方法是用于维修所述基部(12)的腐蚀损坏的方法。
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