CN107089943B - 基于吖嗪的cn-传感器分子及其合成和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种基于吖嗪的CN−传感器分子,是以DMF为溶剂,冰醋酸作为催化剂,使喹啉‑2‑甲醛与水杨醛腙以1:1~1:1.2的摩尔比,在80~85℃下回流5~5.5h,冷却至室温,用蒸馏水析出黄色沉淀,过滤,然后用DMF重结晶,干燥,即得。该传感器分子在DMSO‑H2O混合体系中可专一选择性识别CN − ,灵敏度非常高,而且不受其阴离子的影响,荧光最低检测限可达到0.45μM。另外,我们制作了负载有传感器分子的试纸,可以方便地检测到含水体系中的CN−。本发明设计合成的传感器分子的合成原料廉价易得,工艺简单,成本低,在CN−实际应用中有广阔的前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种CN−传感器分子;尤其涉及一种基于吖嗪的CN−传感器分子的合成方法;本发明同时还涉及该CN−传感器分子在DMSO-H2O体系中识别CN−的应用,属于化学合成领域和阴离子检测技术领域。
背景技术
阴离子在工业生产和生物体新陈代谢过程中扮演着重要的角色,因此阴离子传感器的研究越来越受到人们的关注。CN−作为毒性最强的阴离子,其可以严重影响人体的血管、视觉、中枢神经等功能。根据世界卫生组织的规定,CN − 在饮用水中的最大浓度不得超过1.9µM,但由于像冶金、合成树脂、电镀等工业生产中需要大量的NaCN,这就对环境造成了严重的污染,因此,这就很有必要设计一个CN − 传感器来检测其在环境中的浓度。
在过去几十年里,主要用到CN − 的检测方法有电位法、电化学和光学检测等方法,但是这些方法通常存在着一些不足之处,比如:成本高、响应时间长、需要专业的仪器人员等,这就严重限制了它的实际应用。相比之下,比色荧光传感器由于其成本低,操作简单,专一性强等优点受到了化学家们的青睐。目前合成的CN − 传感器分子也比较多,对于CN − 的识别性能也各异。但尚未见基于吖嗪的CN−传感器分子的报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种新的基于吖嗪的CN − 传感器分子;
本发明的另一目的是提供一种上述基于吖嗪的CN − 传感器分子的合成方法;
本发明的还有一个目的,就是提供一种传感器分子在DMSO-H2O体系中识别CN − 的方法。
一、CN − 传感器分子的合成
本发明基于吖嗪的CN − 传感器分子的合成:以DMF为溶剂,冰醋酸作为催化剂,使喹啉-2-甲醛与水杨醛腙以1:1~1:2的摩尔比,在80 ~85℃下回流5~5.5h,冷却至室温,用蒸馏水析出黄色沉淀,过滤,干燥,然后用DMF 重结晶,干燥,即得,标记为PX。冰醋酸作为催化剂的用量为喹啉-2-甲醛与水杨醛腙总摩尔量的5~10%。
CN − 传感器分子的合成路线如下:
图1、图2、图3分别为传感器分子PX的核磁氢谱图、质谱图、碳谱图,从这些谱图的表征可以得到该目标化合物是正确的。
二.传感器分子的阴离子识别实验
1.传感器分子的阴离子紫外及荧光性能研究
准备11支10 ml的比色管,依次加入0.5mlPX的DMSO溶液(2×10-4 mol/L),再依次加入0.5 ml阴离子(F−,Cl − ,Br − ,I − ,AcO − ,H2PO4 − ,HSO4 − ,ClO4 − ,SCN − 和CN − )的DMSO 溶液(0.01mol/L),然后依次加入2ml 的DMSO(第11支加2.5ml),最后,用蒸馏水分别稀释至5ml。此时PX浓度为2×10-5mol/L,阴离子浓度为PX浓度的50倍。混合均匀后,观察其对各阴离子的响应。
实验结果表明,只有加入CN − 的比色管中,PX溶液的颜色由无色变为黄色,在相对应的紫外吸收光谱中,最大吸收峰从350nm红移到435nm(见图4),而其它阴离子的加入对PX溶液的颜色和紫外吸收光谱均没有明显影响。在紫外灯下,只有加入CN − 的比色管中PX溶液的颜色明显由无色(猝灭状态)变为绿色(打开状态),在相对应的荧光发射光谱中,只有CN − 的加入使得PX溶液的荧光强度明显增强(见图5),而其它的阴离子的加入对PX溶液的颜色和荧光光谱均没有明显的影响。表明,传感器分子PX可以专一选择性识别CN − 。
2.抗干扰性能检测
为了检验PX对CN − 的检测效果,我们做了一系列的抗干扰实验,具体如下:准备10支10 ml比色管,分别加入0.5ml PX的DMSO溶液,再依次分别加入0.5ml CN − 的DMSO溶液,然后依次分别加入0.5ml各种阴离子(F−,Cl − ,Br − ,I − ,AcO − ,H2PO4 − ,HSO4 − ,ClO4 − ,SCN − )的DMSO溶液,完毕,再次分别加入1.5ml DMSO(第10支加2.0ml),最后用蒸馏水分别稀释至5ml,摇匀,观察其变化。
上述溶液静置10分钟,然后测其紫外吸收光谱及荧光光谱的变化。图6、图7分贝为PX在各种阴离子存在下对CN − 紫外吸收及荧光吸收抗干扰图。图6中,435nm处的最大吸收峰基本保持不变;图7中,516nm处的最大吸收峰基本保持不变,这表明PX对CN − 检测不受其它阴离子的干扰。
3. 受体的紫外及荧光滴定
取2.0ml PX的DMSO溶液(2.0×10-5mol/L)于石英池中,用累积加样法逐渐加入CN − 的DMSO的溶液,测其紫外吸收光谱及荧光光谱的的变化。图8为PX的紫外滴定图,其中(a)为PX(2×10-5mol/L)与CN-在含水量为40%的DMSO溶液中的紫外滴定;(b)为PX在435nm处的散点图。图9为PX(2×10-5mol/L)与CN-在含水量为40%的DMSO溶液中的荧光滴定(a)及散点图(b)。根据所加入的CN-的体积和滴定的效果图,即可得到PX对CN-具有高灵敏度,最低检测限达 0.45μM(图10)。
4.识别机理
通过高分辨质谱及核磁氢谱表征PX对CN-的识别机理。图11为PX加入CN-后的质谱图。质谱数据表明:m/z =274.1250(H-)处的出峰与主体的出峰位置完全吻合,当PX中加入NaCN后,检测到m/z=298.1384(H+)处的出峰与(PX+NaCN)相吻合。图12为PX加入CN-后的氢谱图。氢谱数据表明:当PX中加入CN-时,PX分子在ppm为11.15处的-OH峰消失了,表明CN-使PX发生了脱质子反应。因此,我们认为,传感器分子PX识别CN-的机理可能如下:当加入 CN-时,探针PX脱去质子,使得PX的荧光由猝灭状态变为打开状态,从而实现了对的CN-识别。
四、PX试纸及应用
为了方便地检测到含水体系中的CN−,我们将传感器分子PX负载于试纸制备成CN−的检测试纸。将负载有PX的检测试纸在356 nm紫外灯下观察,发现滤纸没有荧光。滴加CN-于滤纸,可明显观察到滤纸颜色由无色变为黄色,在紫外灯下观察到滤纸颜色变为绿色。而其它阴离子的滴加,滤纸的颜色均没有明显的变化。这种鲜明的颜色对比也说明了该受体对CN-有着高度的比色识别能力。
附图说明
图1为传感器分子PX的核磁氢谱图。
图2为传感器分子PX的质谱图。
图3为传感器分子PX的碳谱图。
图4为传感器分子PX中分别加入各种的阴离子的紫外吸收光谱图。
图5为传感器分子PX中分别加入各种阴离子的荧光光谱图。
图6为传感器分子PX在各种阴离子存在下对CN − 紫外吸收抗干扰图。
图7为传感器分子PX在各种阴离子存在下对CN − 荧光吸收抗干扰图。
图8为传感器分子PX的紫外滴定实验图及散点图。
图9为传感器分子PX的荧光滴定实验图及散点图。
图10为传感器分子PX对CN-的最低检测限。
图11 为传感器分子PX加入CN-后的质谱图。
图12为传感器分子PX加入CN-后的氢谱图。
具体实施方式
实施例1、传感器PX的合成
分别称取(0.236g,1.5mmol)喹啉-2-甲醛与(0.204g,1.5mmol)水杨醛腙,用20mlDMF将其溶解到50ml的圆底烧瓶中,加入0.3ml的冰醋酸作为催化剂,在85℃下加热回流5h,冷却至室温,加入5 ml的蒸馏水,有大量黄色沉淀析出,过滤,干燥,然后用DMF 重结晶,干燥后得到目标产物PX,产率76%。
颜色:黄色;熔点:164-166℃;1H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 , 400 MHz, ppm) δ: 11.07 (s,1H), 9.03 (s, 1H), 8.75 (s, 1H), 8.48(t, J=8.62 Hz, 1H), 8.22 (dd, J=8.33 Hz,1H), 8.09 (m, 1H), 8.04(t, J=8.33Hz, 1H), 7.82(t, J=6.45 Hz 1H), 7.73(t, J=7.45 Hz, 1H), 7.67(t, J=6.97Hz, 1H), 7.41(t, J=7.24 Hz, 1H), 6.97(dd, J=7.99Hz, 2H). 13C-NMR (DMSO-d 6 , 100 MHz, ppm) δ: 164.39, 162.47, 157.30, 153.25,147.96, 137.41, 134.01, 131.43, 130.72, 129.68, 128.77, 128.50, 128.40,120.01, 118.80, 118.62, 117.03。
实施例2、CN-的溶液检测
取10支10 ml的比色管,分别加入0.5mlPX的DMSO溶液(2×10-4 mol/L),再依次加入0.5 ml阴离子(F−,Cl − ,Br − ,I − ,AcO − ,H2PO4 − ,HSO4 − ,ClO4 − ,SCN − 和CN − )的DMSO 溶液(10-2mol/L),若比色管中PX溶液的颜色由无色变为黄色,在紫外灯下,比色管中PX溶液的颜色明显由无色变为绿色,则说明加入的是CN − ,若比色管中PX溶液的颜色没有明显变化,在紫外灯下,PX溶液的荧光强度没有明显的变化,则说明加入的不是CN − 。
实施例3、CN-试纸的制作和应用
将PX用DMSO配制成0.01 mol·L−1的溶液,取一张滤纸将其裁剪成长约3cm,宽约1cm的两张,分别浸润在PX的DMSO溶液中10分钟,然后取出晾干。将上面的滤纸在紫外灯下观察,没有发现滤纸有荧光。
滴加阴离子(F−,Cl − ,Br − ,I − ,AcO − ,H2PO4 − ,HSO4 − ,ClO4 − ,SCN − 和CN − )的DMSO 溶液于滤纸,若滤纸颜色由无色变为黄色,在紫外灯下观察到滤纸颜色变为绿色,则说明滴加的是CN − ,若滤纸颜色在可见光和紫外灯下都没有明显的变化,则说明滴加的是其它阴离子。
实施例4、检测苦杏仁中的CN-
为了进一步检验PX的实用性,我们用它来检测苦杏仁中的CN-。具体步骤如下:
称取25g破碎的苦杏仁,放入250ml的烧杯中,加入100ml NaOH溶液(0.1mol/L),搅拌20min后,过滤;将滤液调节至pH=9。然后量取1ml滤液,加入到PX(20 µM)溶液中,摇匀,静置十分钟,观察其变化。发现,加入滤液后,PX溶液由无色变为浅黄色,在紫外灯下观察到其颜色由无色变为绿色,这就表明PX可以定性检测苦杏仁中的CN-。
Claims (7)
1.一种基于吖嗪的CN−传感器分子,其结构式如下:
。
2.如权利要求1所述基于吖嗪的CN−传感器分子的合成方法,是以DMF为溶剂,冰醋酸作为催化剂,使喹啉-2-甲醛与水杨醛腙以1:1~1:2的摩尔比,在80~85℃下回流5~5.5h,冷却至室温,用蒸馏水析出黄色沉淀,过滤,干燥,然后用DMF 重结晶,干燥,即得。
3.如权利要求1所述基于吖嗪的CN−传感器分子的合成方法,其特征在于:冰醋酸作为催化剂的用量为喹啉-2-甲醛与水杨醛腙总摩尔量的5~10%。
4.如权利要求1所述基于吖嗪的CN−传感器分子在DMSO-H2O体系中识别CN−的应用,其特征在于:在传感器分子的DMSO-H2O体系中,依次加入阴离子F−,Cl − ,Br − ,I − ,AcO − ,H2PO4 − ,HSO4 − ,ClO4 − ,SCN − 、CN − 的DMSO 溶液,若传感器分子溶液的颜色由无色变为黄色,在紫外灯下,传感器分子溶液的颜色由无色变为绿色,则说明加入的是CN − ,若传感器分子溶液的颜色没有明显变化,在紫外灯下,传感器分子溶液的荧光强度没有明显的变化,则说明加入的不是CN − 。
5.一种负载有如权利要求1所述基于吖嗪的CN−传感器分子的CN−检测试纸。
6.如权利要求5所述CN−检测试纸检测CN−的方法,其特征在于: 将阴离子F−,Cl − ,Br − ,I − ,AcO − ,H2PO4 − ,HSO4 − ,ClO4 − ,SCN − 和CN − 的DMSO 溶液滴加于CN−检测试纸上,若试纸颜色由无色变为黄色,在紫外灯下试纸颜色变为绿色,则说明滴加的是CN − ,若试纸颜色在可见光和紫外灯下都没有明显的变化,则说明滴加的是其它阴离子。
7.如权利要求6所述CN−检测试纸检测CN−的方法,其特征在于:阴离子F−,Cl − ,Br − ,I − ,AcO − ,H2PO4 − ,HSO4 − ,ClO4 − ,SCN − 、CN − 的DMSO 溶液的浓度不小于10-5mol/L。
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