CN107083223A - 一种无机晶须改性的减震降噪用胶片 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种无机晶须改性的减震降噪用胶片,包括阻尼胶层和隔离反射层两部分。阻尼胶层以丁基橡胶为基体,加入无机晶须进行改性,再采用增粘树脂和填料用于提高其综合性能。另外,在阻尼胶层上设置一反射层,该反射层可以对胶层进行强度补足,并分散噪音。施工时,只需要将胶片贴在基材表面即可,无需硫化处理。本发明产品制备简单,施工便捷,减震降噪效果明显。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种减震降噪用阻尼胶片,具体是一种无机晶须进行改性而得的减震降噪用胶片。适用于坦克侧壁、发动机、传动部位等易发生振动、产生噪声处及容易粘涂部位,可有效地降低设备运行中产生的噪声和震动。
背景技术
橡胶阻尼材料作为减震降噪的功能材料,受到了国内外研究者的广泛关注。宽温域高阻尼材料要求至少在60 ℃~80 ℃的温域范围内阻尼因子tanδ≥ 0.3。然而,一般橡胶阻尼材料的有效阻尼温域只有20℃~40℃,且集中在室温以下。
添加填料是高分子阻尼材料改性的一种重要手段,在阻尼材料中,填料不仅能有效降低材料的制备成本,同时还影响着阻尼材料的力学性能,赋予材料新的特征,并扩大其应用范围。填料对材料的改性主要受填料的形状、尺寸以及用量的影响,除此外与填料的结构、成份也有很大的关系。
为拓宽橡胶阻尼材料的有效阻尼温域和阻尼因子值,研发人员通常会加入适量的填料进行改性,目前常用于阻尼材料中的填料结构大都是粉末状、纤维状或片层状,在高分子阻尼材料中并未出现采用无机晶须作为主要的橡胶阻尼材料改性填料。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的状况,提供一种无机晶须改性的减震降噪用胶片,本发明以本身具有高阻尼性的丁基橡胶为基体,加入适量的增粘树脂,特别的是,利用无机晶须作为主要填料进行改性,有效的提高了产品的有效阻尼温域和阻尼因子。
晶须是纤维和颗粒的过渡状态,形状类似于短纤维。晶须作为填料能兼有纤维和颗粒的双重特点,能较大的提高加入量,而不影响材料的强度。无机晶须作为一种新型的增强材料,具有高强度、耐热、防腐蚀、导电、绝缘、吸波、阻燃等许多特殊的优点和功能。另外,由于无机晶须特有的结构和性能,当其作为填料存在于阻尼胶片中时,会导致黏滞吸收和热传导吸收作用的增强,从而使材料整体表现出优异的阻尼性能。
本发明所采取的技术方案是:一种无机晶须改性的减震降噪用胶片,其特征在于:包括阻尼胶层和设置在阻尼胶层上的隔离反射层两部分;
所述阻尼胶层包括如下重量份数的原料组成:丁基橡胶100份,无机晶须200-350份,固态增粘树脂40-80份,液态聚异丁烯0-60份,液态环氧树脂100-240份,白炭黑0-60份,炭黑0-60份;
无机晶须改性的减震降噪用胶片的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)、将丁基橡胶用开炼机进行塑炼;
(2)、将塑炼好的丁基橡胶和剩余的无机晶须、固态增粘树脂、液态聚异丁烯、液态环氧树脂、白炭黑、炭黑,用三辊混炼机或密炼机混合均匀,出料;
(3)、将均匀的物料用压延机压片挤出构成阻尼胶层,在阻尼胶层上粘接一层隔离反射层,得到无机晶须改性的减震降噪用胶片。
本发明的特点是:
本发明采用无机晶须作为主要的橡胶阻尼材料改性剂,无机晶须与橡胶材料复合在一起,在接受到振动后,一方面可以通过无机晶须本身的震动吸收并将其转化为热能分散,另一方面,可以通过晶须与高分子链之间相对运动的滞后性产生摩擦,从而将动能通过摩擦转化热能,从而并达到较好的阻尼性能。
本发明与现有技术相比,原料易得,成本低廉,制备方法简单易行,施工操作简单便捷,同时附着力、强度及阻尼性能优异且阻尼温域较宽,可适用于坦克侧壁、发动机、传动部位等易发生振动、产生噪声处及容易粘涂部位,可有效地降低设备运行中产生的噪声和震动。
另外,在阻尼胶层上设置一反射层,该反射层可以对胶层进行强度补足,并分散噪音。施工时,只需要将胶片贴在基材表面即可,无需硫化处理。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明进一步说明。
如图1所示,一种无机晶须改性的减震降噪用胶片,包括阻尼胶层1和设置在阻尼胶层1上的隔离反射层2两部分。
阻尼胶层1包括如下重量份数的原料组成:丁基橡胶100份,无机晶须200-350份,固态增粘树脂40-80份,液态聚异丁烯0-60份,液态环氧树脂100-240份,白炭黑0-60份,炭黑0-60份。
无机晶须改性的减震降噪用胶片的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)、将丁基橡胶用开炼机进行塑炼;
(2)、将塑炼好的丁基橡胶和剩余的无机晶须、固态增粘树脂、液态聚异丁烯、液态环氧树脂、白炭黑、炭黑,用三辊混炼机或密炼机混合均匀,出料;
(3)、将均匀的物料用压延机压片挤出构成阻尼胶层1,在阻尼胶层(1)上粘接一层隔离反射层2,得到无机晶须改性的减震降噪用胶片。
进一步的,丁基橡胶作为本发明胶片的主体材料,可以为阻尼体系提供较高的基础阻尼性能。
进一步的,无机晶须是纤维和颗粒的过渡状态,形状类似于短纤维,具有高强度、耐热、防腐蚀、导电、绝缘、吸波、阻燃等许多特殊的优点和功能。作为填料能兼有纤维和颗粒的双重特点,可以较大的提高加入量,增强、增韧材料的同时可以极大地降低材料成本。本发明中还发现加入无机晶须的另一有益效果是在用量合适时可以提高材料的阻尼性能。
进一步的,固态增粘树脂的加入可以提高阻尼胶片的初粘性和持粘性,能赋予胶料扩散能力,另外由于固态增粘树脂的软化点相对较高可以提高阻尼胶片在高温下的阻尼性能,拓宽本发明的阻尼温域。
进一步的,液态聚异丁烯和液态环氧树脂作为液体增粘树脂和分散剂存在于阻尼胶片体系中,在保证体系低温阻尼性能的同时用于提高体系的初粘力和改善体系的施工性能。
进一步的,白炭黑和炭黑主要用于对丁基橡胶的补强作用,提高阻尼胶片的抗撕裂及耐热抗老化性能。
进一步的,反射层为无纺布、玻璃纤维布、PP膜、PE膜、尼龙膜中的一种,其厚度为0.1mm~0.5mm,贴于胶片外表面,防粘并对胶片进行强度补足,还可以对噪音进行分散处理。
无机晶须为碳酸钙晶须、硫酸钙晶须、氧化锌晶须、硼酸镁晶须、硼酸铝晶须、钛酸钾晶须、碳化硅晶须及硫酸镁晶须中的一种或几种的组合。
固态增粘树脂为松香树脂、萜烯树脂、石油树脂中的一种或几种的混合物。
液态聚异丁烯在40℃时的运动粘度小于2500 cSt。
液态环氧树脂在25℃时的粘度小于15000mP·s。
实施例1:一种无机晶须改性的减震降噪用胶片,阻尼胶层1包括如下重量份数的原料组成:丁基橡胶100份,硫酸钙晶须200份,松香树脂40份,液态环氧树脂100份,液态聚异丁烯60份,白炭黑40份;
制备过程:①将丁基橡胶用开炼机塑炼;②使用三辊机将塑炼好的丁基橡胶和剩余的硫酸钙晶须、松香树脂、液态环氧树脂、液态聚异丁烯、白炭黑混合均匀;③将混合料用压延机压片挤出构成阻尼胶层1,在阻尼胶层1上粘接一层0.1mm厚的玻璃纤维布;④按需要的尺寸裁剪好即可。
制备过程:①将丁基橡胶用开炼机塑炼;②使用三辊机将塑炼好的丁基橡胶、和剩余材料混合均匀;③将混合料用压延机压片挤出,敷上0.1mm厚的玻璃纤维布;④按需要的尺寸裁剪好即可。
实施例2:一种无机晶须改性的减震降噪用胶片,阻尼胶层1包括如下重量份数的原料组成:丁基橡胶100份,氧化锌晶须350份,石油树脂40份,萜烯树脂20份,液态环氧树脂240份,炭黑60份;
制备过程:①将丁基橡胶用开炼机塑炼;②使用密炼机将塑炼好的丁基橡胶和剩余的氧化锌晶须、石油树脂、萜烯树脂、液态环氧树脂、炭黑混合均匀;③将混合料用压延机压片挤出构成阻尼胶层1,在阻尼胶层1上粘接一层0.3mm厚的无纺布;④按需要的尺寸裁剪好即可。
实施例3:一种无机晶须改性的减震降噪用胶片,阻尼胶层1包括如下重量份数的原料组成:丁基橡胶100份,硫酸镁晶须350份,松香树脂40份,液态环氧树脂150份,液态聚异丁烯30份,白炭黑20份,炭黑40份;
制备过程:①将丁基橡胶用开炼机塑炼;②使用三辊机将塑炼好的丁基橡胶和剩余的硫酸镁晶须、松香树脂、液态环氧树脂、液态聚异丁烯、白炭黑、炭黑混合均匀;③将混合料用压延机压片挤出构成阻尼胶层1,在阻尼胶层1上粘接一层0.2mm厚的无纺布;④按需要的尺寸裁剪好即可。
按照《GB/T 16406-1996 声学 声学材料阻尼性的弯曲共振测试方法》对以上实施例进行复合材料的阻尼性能测试,测试结果表明,本发明实施例中复合材料的二阶损耗因子tanδ≥0.1的温域超过60℃,说明采用本发明中无机晶须进行改性的阻尼材料具有良好的阻尼性能,达到理想的阻尼改性效果。
最后需要说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制技术方案,尽管申请人参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,那些对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本技术方案的宗旨和范围,均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (9)
1.一种无机晶须改性的减震降噪用胶片,其特征在于:包括阻尼胶层(1)和设置在阻尼胶层(1)上的隔离反射层(2)两部分;
所述阻尼胶层(1)包括如下重量份数的原料组成:丁基橡胶100份,无机晶须200-350份,固态增粘树脂40-80份,液态聚异丁烯0-60份,液态环氧树脂100-240份,白炭黑0-60份,炭黑0-60份;
无机晶须改性的减震降噪用胶片的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)、将丁基橡胶用开炼机进行塑炼;
(2)、将塑炼好的丁基橡胶和剩余的无机晶须、固态增粘树脂、液态聚异丁烯、液态环氧树脂、白炭黑、炭黑,用三辊混炼机或密炼机混合均匀,出料;
(3)、将均匀的物料用压延机压片挤出构成阻尼胶层(1),在阻尼胶层(1)上粘接一层隔离反射层(2),得到无机晶须改性的减震降噪用胶片。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种无机晶须改性的减震降噪用胶片,其特征在于:所述无机晶须为碳酸钙晶须、硫酸钙晶须、氧化锌晶须、硼酸镁晶须、硼酸铝晶须、钛酸钾晶须、碳化硅晶须及硫酸镁晶须中的一种或几种的组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种无机晶须改性的减震降噪用胶片,其特征在于:所述固态增粘树脂为松香树脂、萜烯树脂、石油树脂中的一种或几种的混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种无机晶须改性的减震降噪用胶片,其特征在于:所述液态聚异丁烯在40℃时的运动粘度小于2500 cSt。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种无机晶须改性的减震降噪用胶片,其特征在于:所述液态环氧树脂在25℃时的粘度小于15000mP·s。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种无机晶须改性的减震降噪用胶片,其特征在于:所述反射层为无纺布或玻璃纤维布或PP膜或PE膜或尼龙膜,其厚度为0.1mm-0.5mm。
7.根据权利要求1或2或3或6所述的一种无机晶须改性的减震降噪用胶片,其特征在于:所述阻尼胶层(1)包括如下重量份数的原料组成:丁基橡胶100份,硫酸钙晶须200份,松香树脂40份,液态环氧树脂100份,液态聚异丁烯60份,白炭黑40份;
制备过程:①将丁基橡胶用开炼机塑炼;②使用三辊机将塑炼好的丁基橡胶和剩余的硫酸钙晶须、松香树脂、液态环氧树脂、液态聚异丁烯、白炭黑混合均匀;③将混合料用压延机压片挤出构成阻尼胶层(1),在阻尼胶层(1)上粘接一层0.1mm厚的玻璃纤维布;④按需要的尺寸裁剪好即可。
8.根据权利要求1或2或3或6所述的一种无机晶须改性的减震降噪用胶片,其特征在于:所述阻尼胶层(1)包括如下重量份数的原料组成:丁基橡胶100份,氧化锌晶须350份,石油树脂40份,萜烯树脂20份,液态环氧树脂240份,炭黑60份;
制备过程:①将丁基橡胶用开炼机塑炼;②使用密炼机将塑炼好的丁基橡胶和剩余的氧化锌晶须、石油树脂、萜烯树脂、液态环氧树脂、炭黑混合均匀;③将混合料用压延机压片挤出构成阻尼胶层(1),在阻尼胶层(1)上粘接一层0.3mm厚的无纺布;④按需要的尺寸裁剪好即可。
9.根据权利要求1或2或3或6所述的一种无机晶须改性的减震降噪用胶片,其特征在于:所述阻尼胶层(1)包括如下重量份数的原料组成:丁基橡胶100份,硫酸镁晶须350份,松香树脂40份,液态环氧树脂150份,液态聚异丁烯30份,白炭黑20份,炭黑40份;
制备过程:①将丁基橡胶用开炼机塑炼;②使用三辊机将塑炼好的丁基橡胶和剩余的硫酸镁晶须、松香树脂、液态环氧树脂、液态聚异丁烯、白炭黑、炭黑混合均匀;③将混合料用压延机压片挤出构成阻尼胶层(1),在阻尼胶层(1)上粘接一层0.2mm厚的无纺布;④按需要的尺寸裁剪好即可。
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