CN107082515A - 一种海水淡化预处理方法 - Google Patents
一种海水淡化预处理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001447 ferric ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 23
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Substances [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- -1 iron ion Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical class Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004457 water analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/4604—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods for desalination of seawater or brackish water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/463—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrocoagulation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
- C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/74—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with air
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
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- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
Abstract
一种海水淡化预处理方法，在海水取水管道[1]内加入Na2CO3溶液[2]和氢氧化钠溶液[3]，形成Mg(OH)2和CaCO3沉淀。由于Mg(OH)2沉淀物的絮体密度小，很难下沉。还需要在铁电解槽[4]中电解铁离子。再到曝气池[5]中进行曝气，利用空气中的氧气把Fe+2离子氧化成为Fe+3离子。Mg(OH)2才能沉淀完全。下一步是在水中加入助凝剂[6]再把水打入澄清池[7]分离。从澄清池出来的清水[8]，就是不仅去除了海水中的悬浮物和胶体，也去除了硬度的水了。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化学水处理沉淀处理。
背景技术
已有的海水淡化预处理技术，是在海水中加入絮凝剂“聚合氯化铝(PAC)”和助凝剂“聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)”，把混合在海水中的“悬浮物”和“胶体”等杂质，凝聚成为容易沉降的大颗粒。然后进入澄清池中分离。分离除去悬浮物和胶体等杂质后的水变清了，从而减轻在后续处理设备“反渗透(RO)”膜上的污染。已有的预处理方法只能去除混合在水里的悬浮物和胶体，而容易在后续处理设备RO膜上结垢的，溶解在水中的Ca+2离子和Mg+2离子且没有去除。所以没有完全杜绝对脱盐膜的污染。
发明内容
发明目的：不仅能去除海水中的悬浮物和胶体；还能去除海水中的钙、镁离子。就是要彻底杜绝对后续处理设备RO膜的污染。
为了达到上述目的，先在海水取水管道[1]内加入Na2CO3溶液[2]和氢氧化钠溶液[3]，把海水的PH值调节到10～10.2之间。PH值达到10，水中的Mg2+离子形成Mg(OH)2沉淀物；HCO3 -变为CO3 -2，和水中的Ca+2离子形成CaCO3沉淀。由于Mg(OH)2沉淀物的絮体密度小，很难下沉。因此还要进入铁电解槽[4]电解Fe+3离子。电解到水中的Fe+3离子在PH值10的条件下，和海水中固有的CI-离子形成Fe(OH)2Cl絮凝剂。含三价铁的絮凝剂密度大，Mg(OH)2就容易下沉了。
加Na2CO3的作用是，根据海水的水质分析，海水中Ca+2离子含量是0.4117克/升、HCO3 -根的含量是0.412克/升，可转化为为CO3 -2的量是0.405克/升。要把海水中的Ca+2离子全部生成CaCO3沉淀，需要的CO3 -2根的量是0.618克/升。所以每升海水还需要加入约0.38克Na2CO3（纯碱）。
因为电解到水中的铁离子不完全是三价的Fe+3离子，还有一部分二价Fe+2离子。所以要在曝气池[5]中进行曝气，利用空气中的氧气把Fe+2离子氧化成为Fe+3离子。
下一步是在水中加入助凝剂[6]“聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）”，再把水打入澄清池[7]分离。从澄清池出来的清水[8]，就是不仅去除了海水中的悬浮物和胶体，也去除了硬度的水了。
发明效果：
因为海水中能够污染脱盐膜的物质有三类：一类是混合在水里的悬浮物和胶体；另一类是溶解在水中Ca+2、Mg+2离子；还有一类是有机物“COD”。本发明提供的预处理方法，悬浮物和胶体去除了；Ca+2、Mg+2离子也去除了；有机物“COD”在海水中的含量不是很大，在沉淀处理中靠共沉淀作用也去除了。所以就杜绝了对后续处理设备RO膜的污染。
附图说明
本发明只有一个附图，是本发明海水淡化预处理的流程图。图中数字1:表示海水的取水管道、2:纯碱溶解器、3:氢氧化钠溶解器、4:铁电解槽、5:曝气池、6:助凝剂（PAM）溶解器、7:澄清池、8:清水管。
实施例
取海水500ML，加入Na2CO3（为了Ca+2离子沉淀完全，补入海水中一点儿CO3 -2）0.2克；20％的氢氧化钠溶液12ML。并搅拌均匀，测得PH值为10.2。把此变为有白色沉淀物的乳浊液注入阴、阳极都是铁板的电解槽中，调节电流0.5A，电压是0.8V，电解时间为2分钟。插入曝气头，利用鱼缸曝气机曝气至由黑褐色变为铁红色。加入3～5滴0.2％的聚丙烯酰胺（助凝剂PAM），移入500ML量筒中，混合均匀，静置。
对比试验一：用量筒量取500ML海水，加入3％的聚合氯化铝（絮凝剂PAC）溶液1ML，并搅拌均匀。再加入3～5滴0.2％的聚丙烯酰胺溶液，混合均匀，静置。
对比试验二：用量筒量取500ML海水，加入Na2CO3，0.2克；20％的氢氧化钠溶液12ML。并搅拌均匀，测得PH值是10.2。加入 3％的聚合氯化铝溶液1ML，并搅拌均匀。再加入3～5滴0.2％的聚丙烯酰胺溶液，并混合均匀，静置。
试验结果参看表一：对比试验一，经混凝沉淀处理后，去除了悬浮物和胶体的水变清了。溶解在水中的Ca+2、Mg+2离子HCO3 -离子等，和海水一样，一点儿也没少。对比试验二，在海水中加了Na2CO3和NaOH，生成Mg(OH)2和CaCO3沉淀，使海水变为乳浊液。加絮凝剂PAC和助凝剂PAM后，静置4小时，上清液只有20％，无法实际应用。只有本发明提供的方法，在海水中加Na2CO3和NaOH后，要经过电解铁和曝气生成絮凝剂Fe(OH)2Cl，才能使沉淀物的密度增大。静置10分钟，上清液就有75％；4小时后清水占84％，在实际中能够应用。
表一
采用本发明提供的海水淡化预处理方法，能够杜绝对RO膜的污染，因此延长后续处理设备反渗透（RO）的使用寿命。
Claims (4)
1.一种海水淡化预处理方法，包括在海水中加入絮凝剂和助凝剂后，在澄清池中分离去除了海水中的悬浮物和胶体，其特征是还去除了海水中的硬度。
2.根据权利要求1所说的去除了海水中的硬度，其特征是在海水中加入了纯碱和氢氧化钠。
3.根据权利要求1、2所说的去除了海水中的硬度，其特征是絮凝剂是用电解的方法，电解到海水中铁离子。
4.根据权利要求3所说的电解到海水中铁离子，其特征是利用曝气的方法把二价铁离子氧化成三价铁离子。
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| CN110592608A (zh) * | 2019-10-11 | 2019-12-20 | 北京化工大学 | 一种电解海水三联产的装置及其方法和用途 |
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| CN110592608A (zh) * | 2019-10-11 | 2019-12-20 | 北京化工大学 | 一种电解海水三联产的装置及其方法和用途 |
| CN110592608B (zh) * | 2019-10-11 | 2021-04-23 | 北京化工大学 | 一种电解海水三联产的装置及其方法和用途 |
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