CN107082515A - 一种海水淡化预处理方法 - Google Patents

一种海水淡化预处理方法 Download PDF

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CN107082515A
CN107082515A CN201610083526.XA CN201610083526A CN107082515A CN 107082515 A CN107082515 A CN 107082515A CN 201610083526 A CN201610083526 A CN 201610083526A CN 107082515 A CN107082515 A CN 107082515A
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seawater
water
ion
hardness
colloid
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孟海乐
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/4604Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods for desalination of seawater or brackish water
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/463Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrocoagulation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/54Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
    • C02F1/56Macromolecular compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/66Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/74Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with air
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08Seawater, e.g. for desalination

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)

Abstract

一种海水淡化预处理方法,在海水取水管道[1]内加入Na2CO3溶液[2]和氢氧化钠溶液[3],形成Mg(OH)2和CaCO3沉淀。由于Mg(OH)2沉淀物的絮体密度小,很难下沉。还需要在铁电解槽[4]中电解铁离子。再到曝气池[5]中进行曝气,利用空气中的氧气把Fe+2离子氧化成为Fe+3离子。Mg(OH)2才能沉淀完全。下一步是在水中加入助凝剂[6]再把水打入澄清池[7]分离。从澄清池出来的清水[8],就是不仅去除了海水中的悬浮物和胶体,也去除了硬度的水了。

Description

一种海水淡化预处理方法
技术领域
本发明属于化学水处理沉淀处理。
背景技术
已有的海水淡化预处理技术,是在海水中加入絮凝剂“聚合氯化铝(PAC)”和助凝剂“聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)”,把混合在海水中的“悬浮物”和“胶体”等杂质,凝聚成为容易沉降的大颗粒。然后进入澄清池中分离。分离除去悬浮物和胶体等杂质后的水变清了,从而减轻在后续处理设备“反渗透(RO)”膜上的污染。已有的预处理方法只能去除混合在水里的悬浮物和胶体,而容易在后续处理设备RO膜上结垢的,溶解在水中的Ca+2离子和Mg+2离子且没有去除。所以没有完全杜绝对脱盐膜的污染。
发明内容
发明目的:不仅能去除海水中的悬浮物和胶体;还能去除海水中的钙、镁离子。就是要彻底杜绝对后续处理设备RO膜的污染。
为了达到上述目的,先在海水取水管道[1]内加入Na2CO3溶液[2]和氢氧化钠溶液[3],把海水的PH值调节到10~10.2之间。PH值达到10,水中的Mg2+离子形成Mg(OH)2沉淀物;HCO3 -变为CO3 -2,和水中的Ca+2离子形成CaCO3沉淀。由于Mg(OH)2沉淀物的絮体密度小,很难下沉。因此还要进入铁电解槽[4]电解Fe+3离子。电解到水中的Fe+3离子在PH值10的条件下,和海水中固有的CI-离子形成Fe(OH)2Cl絮凝剂。含三价铁的絮凝剂密度大,Mg(OH)2就容易下沉了。
加Na2CO3的作用是,根据海水的水质分析,海水中Ca+2离子含量是0.4117克/升、HCO3 -根的含量是0.412克/升,可转化为为CO3 -2的量是0.405克/升。要把海水中的Ca+2离子全部生成CaCO3沉淀,需要的CO3 -2根的量是0.618克/升。所以每升海水还需要加入约0.38克Na2CO3(纯碱)。
因为电解到水中的铁离子不完全是三价的Fe+3离子,还有一部分二价Fe+2离子。所以要在曝气池[5]中进行曝气,利用空气中的氧气把Fe+2离子氧化成为Fe+3离子。
下一步是在水中加入助凝剂[6]“聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)”,再把水打入澄清池[7]分离。从澄清池出来的清水[8],就是不仅去除了海水中的悬浮物和胶体,也去除了硬度的水了。
发明效果:
因为海水中能够污染脱盐膜的物质有三类:一类是混合在水里的悬浮物和胶体;另一类是溶解在水中Ca+2、Mg+2离子;还有一类是有机物“COD”。本发明提供的预处理方法,悬浮物和胶体去除了;Ca+2、Mg+2离子也去除了;有机物“COD”在海水中的含量不是很大,在沉淀处理中靠共沉淀作用也去除了。所以就杜绝了对后续处理设备RO膜的污染。
附图说明
本发明只有一个附图,是本发明海水淡化预处理的流程图。图中数字1:表示海水的取水管道、2:纯碱溶解器、3:氢氧化钠溶解器、4:铁电解槽、5:曝气池、6:助凝剂(PAM)溶解器、7:澄清池、8:清水管。
实施例
取海水500ML,加入Na2CO3(为了Ca+2离子沉淀完全,补入海水中一点儿CO3 -2)0.2克;20%的氢氧化钠溶液12ML。并搅拌均匀,测得PH值为10.2。把此变为有白色沉淀物的乳浊液注入阴、阳极都是铁板的电解槽中,调节电流0.5A,电压是0.8V,电解时间为2分钟。插入曝气头,利用鱼缸曝气机曝气至由黑褐色变为铁红色。加入3~5滴0.2%的聚丙烯酰胺(助凝剂PAM),移入500ML量筒中,混合均匀,静置。
对比试验一:用量筒量取500ML海水,加入3%的聚合氯化铝(絮凝剂PAC)溶液1ML,并搅拌均匀。再加入3~5滴0.2%的聚丙烯酰胺溶液,混合均匀,静置。
对比试验二:用量筒量取500ML海水,加入Na2CO3,0.2克;20%的氢氧化钠溶液12ML。并搅拌均匀,测得PH值是10.2。加入 3%的聚合氯化铝溶液1ML,并搅拌均匀。再加入3~5滴0.2%的聚丙烯酰胺溶液,并混合均匀,静置。
试验结果参看表一:对比试验一,经混凝沉淀处理后,去除了悬浮物和胶体的水变清了。溶解在水中的Ca+2、Mg+2离子HCO3 -离子等,和海水一样,一点儿也没少。对比试验二,在海水中加了Na2CO3和NaOH,生成Mg(OH)2和CaCO3沉淀,使海水变为乳浊液。加絮凝剂PAC和助凝剂PAM后,静置4小时,上清液只有20%,无法实际应用。只有本发明提供的方法,在海水中加Na2CO3和NaOH后,要经过电解铁和曝气生成絮凝剂Fe(OH)2Cl,才能使沉淀物的密度增大。静置10分钟,上清液就有75%;4小时后清水占84%,在实际中能够应用。
表一
采用本发明提供的海水淡化预处理方法,能够杜绝对RO膜的污染,因此延长后续处理设备反渗透(RO)的使用寿命。

Claims (4)

1.一种海水淡化预处理方法,包括在海水中加入絮凝剂和助凝剂后,在澄清池中分离去除了海水中的悬浮物和胶体,其特征是还去除了海水中的硬度。
2.根据权利要求1所说的去除了海水中的硬度,其特征是在海水中加入了纯碱和氢氧化钠。
3.根据权利要求1、2所说的去除了海水中的硬度,其特征是絮凝剂是用电解的方法,电解到海水中铁离子。
4.根据权利要求3所说的电解到海水中铁离子,其特征是利用曝气的方法把二价铁离子氧化成三价铁离子。
CN201610083526.XA 2016-02-12 2016-02-12 一种海水淡化预处理方法 Pending CN107082515A (zh)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110592608A (zh) * 2019-10-11 2019-12-20 北京化工大学 一种电解海水三联产的装置及其方法和用途

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110592608A (zh) * 2019-10-11 2019-12-20 北京化工大学 一种电解海水三联产的装置及其方法和用途
CN110592608B (zh) * 2019-10-11 2021-04-23 北京化工大学 一种电解海水三联产的装置及其方法和用途

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