CN107074634A - 单片透明反冷凝基材 - Google Patents
单片透明反冷凝基材 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002717 polyvinylpyridine Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetate Substances CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002148 esters Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
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- SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanol Chemical compound [SiH3]O SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47F—SPECIAL FURNITURE, FITTINGS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR SHOPS, STOREHOUSES, BARS, RESTAURANTS OR THE LIKE; PAYING COUNTERS
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- A47F3/04—Show cases or show cabinets air-conditioned, refrigerated
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- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
- B60J1/002—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor with means for clear vision, e.g. anti-frost or defog panes, rain shields
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/22—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
- C03C17/23—Oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/28—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/28—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material
- C03C17/30—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material with silicon-containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/28—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material
- C03C17/32—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material with synthetic or natural resins
- C03C17/322—Polyurethanes or polyisocyanates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/70—Properties of coatings
- C03C2217/75—Hydrophilic and oleophilic coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
- C03C2218/30—Aspects of methods for coating glass not covered above
- C03C2218/365—Coating different sides of a glass substrate
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
- Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及：单片透明基材，包括第一面上的低辐射层，和第二面上的防冷凝层；本发明还涉及使用所述基材作为用于陆地、空中或水上运输车辆的窗玻璃，特别是机动车辆的窗玻璃，用于将冷却至0至4℃温度的室与环境气氛分隔。
Description
本发明涉及于约0至4℃为中心的温度（即可能达到略低于或略高于该范围的值，但通常被称为“制冷，高于0℃”）的产品销售的存储和展示，通常用于食品。
这些产品通常放置在与商店气氛直接连通的货架上。靠近这些货架，顾客经常感到冷。为此，应该任选加热商店。由于冷货架与商店的气氛连通，产生制冷需要增加能量。
发明人现在已经考虑到用透明墙将这些冷货架隔离开。
已经已知制冷到-18℃或甚至-25℃等温度的室的玻璃门。这些冷冻设备门产生的问题特别是在室侧的冷表面上打开时形成霜。实际上，在该打开期间，商店的环境湿气冷凝在冷表面上并结晶成霜。为了解决这个问题，提供了用于加热门的这个冷表面的装置，为了消除霜，以使得恢复适当的透过门的视觉。
为了消除或至少减少用于加热冷冻设备门的这些装置，专利申请WO 00/71481设想用防霜层涂覆冷冻设备门的冷表面。在打开门时，该层吸收被冷凝的湿气，并且还吸附在其包含的亲水性大分子链中。吸收通过适合于以海绵方式逐渐填充的聚合物材料而获得；一个实例是聚氨酯基质。通过吸附冷凝水，与聚氨酯基质相穿的亲水性大分子链如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮被引入水的薄涂层。如果防霜层足够厚，不被冷凝水饱和，根据门的打开时间，不会形成结晶为结霜的可见冷凝。
如专利申请WO 2006/125874所公开的，这些玻璃冷冻设备门有利地由双层或三层隔热的多层玻璃单元组成。因此，与商店气氛接触的门的热表面很容易保持在高于露点的温度，从而不发生起雾的冷凝。
另一方面，通过考虑用单片玻璃板封闭具有0℃以上的制冷货架，本发明人已经意识到真正存在的风险在于，与商店环境空气接触的单片玻璃的热表面处于低于露点的温度（25℃，相对湿度25％时为17℃），因此出现雾化并阻挡出售的产品透过玻璃的视觉。
为此，本发明的一个主题是单片透明基材，其特征在于，其包括在第一表面上的低辐射层和第二表面上的防冷凝层。低辐射层在这里表示辐射率在1％至15％之间的层。放置在基材的冷侧，其具有反射来自基材的热侧（即商店气氛侧）的热辐射的最大比例的作用。因此，在上述温度和湿度条件下，低辐射层通常将基材的相对侧的温度升高到高于露点的值。然而，如果冷侧的温度下降，或者如果热侧的温度升高，或者如果热侧的相对湿度增加，则可以在基材的热表面上任意地形成轻微冷凝，但是由于提供了该基材的热表面的防冷凝层，所以其呈均匀的水膜形式，不会妨碍透过基材的视觉。防冷凝层防止形成雾，其由水滴组成。
此外，在本发明的定义中，术语“层”表示低辐射层和防冷凝层的单层或叠层。
根据本发明的基材的优选特征：
- 防冷凝层包括选自下述聚合物材料的至少之一：聚氨酯、聚缩醛、聚酯、聚（乙烯基醇）、聚（丙烯酸）、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、多元醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯基吡啶、聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯腈、聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯醛、聚（乙酸乙烯基酯）、硅烷或这些物质中几种的共聚物，单独或其几种的混合物;
- 防冷凝层基于聚氨酯;
- 防冷凝层包含聚乙烯吡咯烷酮分子互穿的（interpenetrated）聚氨酯基质；
- 防冷凝层的厚度为5至80μm，优选为10至70μm，特别优选至多等于60μm；
- 防冷凝层形成自由的，即暴露于外部气氛（例如商店），防雾粘合剂膜的主表面，其另一个主表面是粘合剂；该膜包括特别是由乙烯-乙酸乙烯基酯（EVA）等柔性聚合物材料组成的芯；防雾粘合剂膜是可除去和可替换的;
- 基材由无机玻璃材料制成，特别是钠钙浮法玻璃或有机聚合物如聚碳酸酯、聚（甲基丙烯酸甲酯）等。
本发明的另一主题是上述基材用于从环境气氛中分隔冷却至0至4℃温度的室的应用。所述0到4℃的温度这里指的是室的设定点温度，即根据室内的位置，温度可以或多或少地波动的值，当然也取决于上一次打开由基材形成的分隔所经过的时间。根据本发明的要求，于25℃的温度和60％的相对湿度，定义参考（商店内部）环境气氛。如上所述，基材旨在与冷却空气接触的表面设置有低辐射层，并且旨在与商店环境气氛接触的基材表面设置有防冷凝层。
本发明的另一主题在于如上所述的基材用于陆地、空中或水上运输车辆，特别是机动车辆的窗玻璃的应用。与外部气氛接触的窗玻璃的表面设置有低辐射层，并且在车辆的乘客室侧上的另一表面设置有防冷凝层。在机动车辆的广泛客户使用条件的范围内，可以由此获得完美的防雾功能。
现在通过以下示例说明本发明。
实施例
厚度为4mm或6mm的500mm×1325mm钠钙浮法玻璃板在第一表面上涂覆低辐射层，并在第二表面上涂覆防冷凝层。
通过增加辐射率（以％计）将以下叠层作为低辐射层进行使用：
- 3%: 玻璃 / SnZnO 25 nm / ZnO 5 nm / Ag 10 nm / ZnO 5 nm / NiCr 1 nm /ZnO 5 nm / SnZnO 30 nm / TiOx 3 nm;
- 7%: 玻璃/ SnZnO 25 nm / ZnO 5 nm / Ag 6 nm / ZnO 5 nm / NiCr 1 nm / ZnO5 nm / SnZnO 30 nm / TiOx 3 nm;
- 10%: 玻璃/ Si3N4 (5 nm) / SiO2 (40 nm) / ITO (150 nm) / Si3N4 (12 nm) /SiO2 (75 nm) / TiO2 (4 nm) 和
- 15%: 玻璃/ SnO2 (30 nm) / SiO2 (30 nm) / SnO2:F (370 nm)。
在编号为1至6的试验中，使用由Saint-Gobain Glass以注册商标Everclear®出售的防霜和防雾层作为防冷凝层，具有如下所示的厚度。这些层由互穿有聚乙烯吡咯烷酮分子链的聚氨酯基质组成。
在试验7至14中，使用通过将具有聚氧乙烯（poly(ethylene oxide)）（PEO）链的硅烷接枝至玻璃基材而获得的亲水层作为防冷凝层。用于防雾涂料的硅烷包含亲水性聚氧乙烯（PEO）链和与Si原子键合的三个OH基团；硅烷的OH基与形成硅烷醇（Si-O-Si）键的玻璃的OH基反应（缩合）。硅烷也可以被氟化以赋予自清洁性。使用两个硅烷：
a）在编号为7至10的试验中，由Gelest以编号Silane SiH6188销售的硅烷，和符合下式：
和
b）在编号为11至14的试验中，由Specific Polymers以编号SP-SG 192-193销售的含氟硅烷，和符合下式：
。
将玻璃板定位，在0℃的设定点温度下限定冷藏室。环境气氛为25℃和相对湿度为60％。低辐射层位于冷藏室侧，防冷凝层位于“环境气氛”侧。
十四个试验的条件记录在下表中。
| 试验编号 | 玻璃厚度 (mm) | 层辐射率(%) | 防冷凝层厚度 |
| 1 | 4 | 3 | 20 µm |
| 2 | 4 | 7 | 20 µm |
| 3 | 6 | 10 | 40 µm |
| 4 | 6 | 15 | 40 µm |
| 5 | 6 | 10 | 50 µm |
| 6 | 6 | 15 | 50 µm |
| 7 | 4 | 3 | 几个nm |
| 8 | 4 | 7 | 几个nm |
| 9 | 6 | 10 | 几个nm |
| 10 | 6 | 15 | 几个nm |
| 11 | 4 | 3 | 几个nm |
| 12 | 4 | 7 | 几个nm |
| 13 | 6 | 10 | 几个nm |
| 14 | 6 | 15 | 几个nm |
在十四个试验中都没有观察到在玻璃板上形成雾。
Claims (7)
1.单片透明基材用于将冷却至0至4℃的室与环境气氛分隔的应用，其特征在于，旨在与冷却空气接触的基材的表面设置有低辐射层，和旨在与商店环境气氛接触的一个表面设置有防冷凝层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述防冷凝层包含选自下述聚合物材料中的至少之一：聚氨酯、聚缩醛、聚酯、聚（乙烯基醇）、聚（丙烯酸）、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、多元醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯基吡啶、聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯腈、聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯醛、聚（乙酸乙烯基酯）、硅烷或这些物质中几种的共聚物，单独或其几种的混合物。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的应用，其特征在于，所述防冷凝层基于聚氨酯。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的应用，其特征在于，所述防冷凝层包含互穿有聚乙烯吡咯烷酮分子的聚氨酯基质。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的应用，其特征在于，所述防冷凝层的厚度为5至80μm，优选为10至70μm，特别优选为至多等于60μm。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的应用，其特征在于，所述防冷凝层形成防雾粘合剂膜的自由主表面。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的应用，其特征在于，所述基材由无机玻璃材料或有机聚合物制成。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1460225 | 2014-10-24 | ||
| FR1460225A FR3027596A1 (fr) | 2014-10-24 | 2014-10-24 | Substrat transparent monolithique anti-condensation |
| PCT/FR2015/052827 WO2016062970A1 (fr) | 2014-10-24 | 2015-10-21 | Substrat transparent monolithique anti-condensation |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107074634A true CN107074634A (zh) | 2017-08-18 |
Family
ID=52627308
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201580057650.2A Pending CN107074634A (zh) | 2014-10-24 | 2015-10-21 | 单片透明反冷凝基材 |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20170341976A1 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP3209622B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2017534490A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR20170072211A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN107074634A (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR112017006734A2 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2963196A1 (zh) |
| FR (1) | FR3027596A1 (zh) |
| MX (1) | MX2017005175A (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2016062970A1 (zh) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111306876A (zh) * | 2018-12-12 | 2020-06-19 | 青岛海尔特种电冰柜有限公司 | 冰箱门及其具有其的卧式冷柜 |
| CN112794649A (zh) * | 2021-02-11 | 2021-05-14 | 福州大学 | 一种防雾薄膜及其制备方法 |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BR112020025020A2 (pt) | 2018-06-08 | 2021-03-23 | Guardian Glass, LLC | vidro revestido tendo propriedades anti-embaçamento |
| FR3122481B1 (fr) * | 2021-04-30 | 2023-06-30 | Valeo Vision | Dispositif lumineux pour véhicule automobile |
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| CN101222866A (zh) * | 2005-05-26 | 2008-07-16 | 法国圣戈班玻璃厂 | 特别地用于加工致冷箱的隔热窗玻璃 |
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| FR2794225B3 (fr) | 1999-05-25 | 2001-06-15 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | Porte d'enceinte refrigeree comportant un vitrage sous vide |
| WO2007035801A2 (en) * | 2005-09-20 | 2007-03-29 | Agc Flat Glass North America, Inc. | Anti-fog refrigeration door and method of making the same |
| DE102012017264A1 (de) * | 2012-08-31 | 2014-03-06 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verglasung, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge |
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- 2014-10-24 FR FR1460225A patent/FR3027596A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2015
- 2015-10-21 WO PCT/FR2015/052827 patent/WO2016062970A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2015-10-21 KR KR1020177010576A patent/KR20170072211A/ko unknown
- 2015-10-21 EP EP15791703.0A patent/EP3209622B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
- 2015-10-21 CN CN201580057650.2A patent/CN107074634A/zh active Pending
- 2015-10-21 US US15/520,941 patent/US20170341976A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-10-21 JP JP2017521991A patent/JP2017534490A/ja active Pending
- 2015-10-21 MX MX2017005175A patent/MX2017005175A/es unknown
- 2015-10-21 CA CA2963196A patent/CA2963196A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2015-10-21 BR BR112017006734A patent/BR112017006734A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100068398A1 (en) * | 2002-05-02 | 2010-03-18 | Hussmann Corporation | Merchandisers having anti-fog coatings and methods for making the same |
| CN101111369A (zh) * | 2005-01-31 | 2008-01-23 | 法国圣戈班玻璃厂 | 在透明基底上设置防霜薄膜的方法 |
| CN101222866A (zh) * | 2005-05-26 | 2008-07-16 | 法国圣戈班玻璃厂 | 特别地用于加工致冷箱的隔热窗玻璃 |
| CN101300394A (zh) * | 2005-09-20 | 2008-11-05 | 北美Agc平板玻璃公司 | 防雾制冷门及其制造方法 |
| CN103649001A (zh) * | 2011-08-23 | 2014-03-19 | 法国圣戈班玻璃厂 | 带有亲水涂层的窗格玻璃 |
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| CN111306876A (zh) * | 2018-12-12 | 2020-06-19 | 青岛海尔特种电冰柜有限公司 | 冰箱门及其具有其的卧式冷柜 |
| CN112794649A (zh) * | 2021-02-11 | 2021-05-14 | 福州大学 | 一种防雾薄膜及其制备方法 |
| CN112794649B (zh) * | 2021-02-11 | 2022-07-05 | 福州大学 | 一种防雾薄膜及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20170072211A (ko) | 2017-06-26 |
| WO2016062970A1 (fr) | 2016-04-28 |
| MX2017005175A (es) | 2017-07-27 |
| EP3209622A1 (fr) | 2017-08-30 |
| FR3027596A1 (fr) | 2016-04-29 |
| EP3209622B1 (fr) | 2018-12-12 |
| JP2017534490A (ja) | 2017-11-24 |
| CA2963196A1 (fr) | 2016-04-28 |
| BR112017006734A2 (pt) | 2018-01-23 |
| US20170341976A1 (en) | 2017-11-30 |
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