CN107074092B - 用于运行混合驱动装置的方法以及相应的混合驱动装置 - Google Patents

用于运行混合驱动装置的方法以及相应的混合驱动装置 Download PDF

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CN107074092B
CN107074092B CN201580056304.2A CN201580056304A CN107074092B CN 107074092 B CN107074092 B CN 107074092B CN 201580056304 A CN201580056304 A CN 201580056304A CN 107074092 B CN107074092 B CN 107074092B
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motor
temperature
torque
internal combustion
combustion engine
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CN107074092A (zh
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M·亚当
S·施勒德雷尔
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Audi AG
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于运行混合驱动装置(2)的方法，所述混合驱动装置具有内燃机(3)以及与内燃机(3)能作用连接的或已作用连接的、能作为电动机和发电机运行的电机(4)，其中在正常运行模式中，借助温度传感器(14)确定电机(4)的温度，并且仅在所述温度小于预先给定的最大温度的情况下允许电机(4)运行。在此规定，在温度传感器(14)损坏时执行紧急情况运行模式，在紧急情况运行模式中仅允许以限定的功率、限定的转矩和/或在限定的时间段内运行电机(4)。此外，本发明涉及一种混合驱动装置(2)。

Description

用于运行混合驱动装置的方法以及相应的混合驱动装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行混合驱动装置的方法，所述混合驱动装置具有内燃机以及与内燃机能作用连接的或已作用连接的、能作为电动机和发电机运行的电机，其中在正常运行模式中，借助温度传感器确定电机的温度，并且仅在所述温度小于预先给定的最大温度的情况下允许电机运行。此外本发明涉及一种混合驱动装置。
背景技术
混合驱动装置例如用于驱动机动车、即提供用于驱动机动车的转矩。混合驱动装置具有多个驱动设备、特别是至少两个驱动设备，所述驱动设备优选是不同类型的。例如第一驱动设备设计成内燃机，并且第二驱动设备设计成电机。电机与内燃机能作用连接或已作用连接。特别是在电机和内燃机之间设置离合器，借助所述离合器能建立在驱动设备之间的作用连接。
例如规定，电机永久地与混合驱动装置的从动轴作用连接，而内燃机能借助离合器与从动轴脱耦。相应地可以规定，内燃机和电机至少暂时共同地向混合驱动装置提供输出转矩，其施加在从动轴上。然而在前述实施方式的范围内，输出转矩还可以仅借助电机、即内燃机没有参与的情况下产生。
电机不仅能够作为电动机而且能够作为发电机运行。其在两种情况下都能提供转矩，所述转矩在电动机的情况下为正，即用于使从动轴加速，而当其作为发电机运行时转矩为负。在后面的情况下，电机提供电能，例如用于机动车的车载电网。
混合驱动装置优选具有至少一个能量存储器、特别是电池，其中能暂存电能。同样可以规定，存在多个不同的车载电网、例如高压车载电网和低压车载电网，其中在高压车载电网中与在低压车载电网中相比存在较高的电压。高压车载电网和低压车载电网可以通过变压器彼此电连接。优选地，变压器用于，从高压车载电网向低压车载电网提供电能或者说辅助低压车载电网。相应地，能量存储器有利地配属于高压车载电网并且利用高压车载电网的电压运行。
特别是在电机作为电动机运行的情况下提供较大转矩或者在作为发电机运行的情况下提供高电功率时，在电机中积累高热量。这意味着，其温度通常迅速上升，其中温度上升特别是与环境温度相关。然而电机的运行优选仅在确定的温度范围内才被允许，以便防止损坏电机。特别是在电机高温时可能会出现对电机的线圈或其它组件的损坏。
出于这种原因，电机具有温度传感器，借助该温度传感器可以确定电机的温度。温度传感器在此特别是与电机的特别关键的区域处于热传递连接。电机的运行现在应至少在正常运行模式中仅在借助温度传感器确定的温度小于预先给定的最大温度的情况才被允许。在此，最大温度如此确定，使得即使在相应于最大温度的温度中持久地运行电机时也不会出现电机的失效或者说损坏。替换地或附加地可以规定，将电机产生的转矩限定至最大转矩，该最大转矩由借助温度传感器确定的温度来确定。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的在于，提出一种用于运行混合驱动装置的方法，所述方法相对于已知的方法具有优点，尤其是特别可靠地且有效地防止了电机由于过热而被损害。
上述情况根据本发明利用具有权利要求1的特征的方法来实现。在此规定，在温度传感器损坏时执行紧急情况运行模式，在紧急情况运行模式中仅允许以限定的功率、限定的转矩和/或在限定的时间段内运行电机。温度传感器的损坏可以具有多种原因。例如温度传感器的损坏可以是温度传感器的测量元件损坏、线路损坏和/或例如至控制设备上的接线损坏。温度传感器的过大的测量误差也可以视为故障。
例如规定，应至少一次性地、然而特别是周期性地诊断温度传感器。这优选利用控制设备实现，温度传感器连接在该控制设备上。如果在诊断时满足了前述标准中的至少一个，则识别出温度传感器的损坏。如果是这种情况，则执行紧急情况运行模式，或者说从正常运行模式切换至紧急情况运行模式。
在紧急情况运行模式中，仅允许以确定的工作参数、即以限定的功率、限定的转矩和/或在确定的时间段内运行电机。限定的功率和限定的转矩在此应理解成一种功率或者说转矩，所述功率/转矩优选小于电机的最大功率或者说最大转矩。在这种情况下，电机的设计功率或者说设计转矩可以被考虑作为最大功率或者说最大转矩。
“电机在限定的时间段内运行”应理解成，不允许电机持久运行。而是例如在电机运行开始时就立即启动计时器，借助该计时器来确定电机一直运行的持续时间。如果该持续时间的长度达到或超过限定的时间段，则结束电机运行。在限定的时间段期间，可以允许电机以最大功率和/或最大转矩运行。替选地，根据前述来设置限定。
利用这种方法可以有效地防止在电机中的温度不允许地升高，即使当温度传感器由于损坏而不能使用时。特别是防止了电机温度超过最大允许的温度或者说预先给定的最大温度，从而避免了对电机的损害。所述方法具有下述优点，电机在温度传感器损坏时不被完全关断，而是尽管存在损坏仍能用于小功率需求、小转矩需求的应用情况或用于在限定的时间段内所能够实施的应用情况。即预先给定电机的紧急运行。
本发明的另一种设计方案提出了，在紧急情况运行模式中在点火开关处于正常运行位置中时阻止关断内燃机。点火开关用于为混合驱动装置预先给定确定的运行方式。点火开关例如作为点火锁存在，机动车驾驶员在运行开始时向点火锁中插入钥匙并且利用其预先给定所希望的运行状态。点火开关例如可以具有锁定位置作为第一位置，在该位置上，方向盘锁和/或方向盘止动器被激活。
在第二位置中，机动车的电流供给被激活，电流供给特别是仅由能量存储器实现。在第一位置中，优选仅机动车的附件被供给电能，而混合驱动装置或至少内燃机和电机没有被供给电能。在第三位置中，接通对内燃机、特别是对内燃机点火系统的电流供给。这个位置相当于正常运行位置，该正常运行位置在机动车行驶运行期间持续存在。最后在点火开关的第四位置中引起了启动内燃机，特别是借助电机。
如果点火开关处于正常运行位置中并且内燃机运行，则在从正常运行模式转换至紧急情况运行模式中时或者在存在紧急情况运行模式时防止关断内燃机。相应地，机动车的行驶运行基本上可以仅利用内燃机实施，施加在从动轴上的转矩即基本上仅借助内燃机产生。
在本发明的另一种设计方案中规定，限定的转矩小于电机的最大转矩和/或持续运行转矩/稳定转矩。最大转矩应理解成借助于电机最大能够产生的、特别是在短时段内产生的转矩。就此而言，最大转矩还可以称为过载转矩。而持续运行转矩称为电机的一种转矩，该电机在该转矩时可以持久地运行，而温度不超过最大允许温度或者说最大温度。就此而言，持续运行转矩如前所述可以根据电机的当前温度和/或环境温度来确定。替选地，然而还可以选择恒定的持续运行转矩。
在本发明的特别优选的设计方案中规定，以下述方式选择限定的时间段：使得即使在以最大转矩运行电机时，电机的温度仍保持小于最大温度。因为并不知道电机的当前温度，所以必须估算时间段。例如预先给定恒定的时间段，从而就此而言在通常的环境条件时电机的温度即使在以最大转矩和/或持续运行转矩运行时也未超过最大温度和/或最大允许温度。但当然也可以替选地根据至少一个环境参量、特别是环境温度来确定限定的时间段。
在本发明的一种优选的设计方案中规定，根据至少一个环境参量、特别是环境温度确定限定的功率、限定的转矩和/或限定的时间段。前面已经指出这种方式。当然可以选择恒定的数值、即限定的功率、限定的转矩和/或限定的时间段，在此情况下特别有利的是，这些数值与混合驱动装置或者说电机的环境条件相协调。上述情况通过考虑环境参量来实现，例如环境温度被考虑作为环境参量。环境温度优选借助温度传感器来确定，该温度传感器例如配属于机动车，然而优选不像开头所述的温度传感器的那样连接到相同的控制设备上。
在本发明的一种优选的设计方案中规定，在运行过确定的时间段之后在确定的停止时间内不允许电机运行。即只要电机曾运行，应为其提供足够的时间，以便将热量排向其环境并且就此而言进行冷却。为此目的，在运行电机之后、特别是在运行之后立即规定电机的停止时间。在停止时间内不允许运行电机。
本发明的另一种设计方案提出，根据之前运行电机期间的运行转矩和/或运行时间确定停止时间。当然可以选择恒定的停止时间，在上述情况下特别有利的是，停止时间与电机在之前不久的运行期间中的至少一个运行参量相协调。为此目的，根据在运行期间中应用的工作转矩和/或运行时间确定停止时间，该工作转矩例如相当于在电机运行的时间段内的转矩的平均值。运行时间在此相当于电机已经运行的时间段的长度。
本发明的一种改进方案提出，电机在紧急情况运行模式中作为发电机运行用于辅助车载电网。在此优选地，电机直接电连接到机动车的高压车载电网上，即具有相应于高压车载电网电压的输出电压。如已经阐述的那样，高压车载电网优选通过变压器与低压车载电网电连接。电机作为发电机运行现在通过下述方式实施：仅提供低压车载电网所需的电能。就此而言在紧急情况运行模式中应不为高压车载电网的能量存储器充电。
最后可以规定，电机在紧急情况运行模式中用于启动内燃机。在紧急情况运行模式中，功率或者说还可以借助电机产生的转矩通常不足以使得机动车进行满意地行驶运行。出于这种原因，电机应被考虑用于启动内燃机。为此目的，优选借助离合器在电机和内燃机之间建立作用连接。例如内燃机借助电机在紧急情况运行模式开始后不久、即优选在从正常运行模式切换至紧急情况运行模式时执行。
此外本发明涉及一种混合驱动装置，特别是用于执行前述方法的混合驱动装置，其中混合驱动装置具有内燃机以及与内燃机能作用连接的或已作用连接的、能作为电动机和发电机运行的电机，其中在正常运行模式中，借助温度传感器确定电机的温度，并且仅在所述温度小于预先给定的最大温度的情况下允许电机运行。在此规定，混合驱动装置被设计用于，在温度传感器损坏时执行紧急情况运行模式，其中仅以限定的功率、限定的转矩和/或在限定的时间段内允许电机运行。
已经指明了这种方法或者说混合驱动装置的这种设计方案。不仅所述方法而且所述混合驱动装置都能以前述实施方式改进，从而就此而言参阅上述实施方式。
附图说明
下面借助在附图中示出的实施例详细阐述本发明，而没有对本发明构成限制。其中：
唯一的附图示出了机动车的传动系的示意图，该传动系具有混合驱动装置。
具体实施方式
附图示出了未详细示出的机动车的传动系1的示意图，该传动系具有混合驱动装置2。混合驱动装置2具有内燃机3以及电机4，其中电机通过功率电子装置5连接到能量存储器6或高压车载电网上。内燃机3和电机4在此示出的实施例中通过连接轴7彼此刚性耦联。当然在连接轴7中并且因此在内燃机3和电机4之间的作用连接中可以设置分离离合器(未示出)，以便使内燃机3与电机4解耦。
电机4优选刚性地和/或永久地与混合驱动装置2的输出轴8耦联。该输出轴通过起动离合器9与传动系1的变速器10耦联。通过变速器10建立了在起动离合器9和传动系1或机动车的车轮11之间的作用连接。在作用连接中，可以在变速器10和车轮11之间设置差速器12。
电机4或功率电子装置5借助控制设备13来操控。在该控制设备上连接电机4的温度传感器14。在此在混合驱动装置2的正常运行模式中，规定借助温度传感器14来确定电机4的温度。仅在该温度小于预先给定的最大温度时，允许电机4运行。附加地或替选地可以规定，控制设备13仅允许下述功率，所述功率小于最大功率，所述最大功率特别是由借助温度传感器14确定的温度来计算。类似地，可以针对电机4的转矩规定，其中最大转矩由温度来确定。
现在如果尤其借助控制设备13确定温度传感器14损坏，则从正常运行模式切换至紧急情况运行模式。在该紧急情况运行模式下，仅允许以限定的功率、限定的转矩和/或在确定的时间段内运行电机4。要利用这种措施防止电机4的过高的温度，然而同时至少允许了限定地运行电机4。在紧急情况运行模式中，例如电机4被考虑用于启动内燃机3。附加地或替换地，电机4可以作为发电机被考虑用于辅助车载电网。就此而言，尽管温度传感器14损坏仍至少能实现机动车的受限的行驶运行。

Claims (9)

1.用于运行混合驱动装置(2)的方法，所述混合驱动装置具有内燃机(3)以及与内燃机(3)能作用连接的或已作用连接的、能作为电动机和发电机运行的电机(4)，其中在正常运行模式中，借助温度传感器(14)确定电机(4)的温度，并且仅在所述温度小于预先给定的最大温度的情况下允许电机(4)运行，其中在温度传感器(14)损坏时执行紧急情况运行模式，在紧急情况运行模式中仅允许以限定的功率、限定的转矩和/或在限定的时间段内运行电机(4)，其特征在于，电机(4)在从正常运行模式切换至紧急情况运行模式时用于启动内燃机(3)，并且在紧急情况运行模式中在点火开关处于正常运行位置中时阻止关断内燃机(3)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，限定的转矩小于电机(4)的最大转矩和/或持续运行转矩。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，以下述方式选择限定的时间段：使得即使在以最大转矩运行电机(4)时，电机(4)的温度仍保持小于最大温度。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，根据至少一个环境参量确定所述限定的功率、所述限定的转矩和/或所述限定的时间段。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，在运行过确定的时间段之后，在确定的停止时间内不允许电机(4)运行。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，根据在之前运行电机(4)期间的运行转矩和/或运行时间确定所述停止时间。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，电机(4)在紧急情况运行模式中作为发电机运行用于辅助车载电网。
8.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少一个环境参量是环境温度。
9.混合驱动装置(2)用于执行根据前述权利要求中一项所述的方法，其中混合驱动装置(2)具有内燃机(3)以及与内燃机(3)能作用连接的或已作用连接的、能作为电动机和发电机运行的电机(4)，其中在正常运行模式中，借助温度传感器(14)确定电机(4)的温度，并且仅在所述温度小于预先给定的最大温度的情况下允许电机(4)运行，其中混合驱动装置(2)被设计用于，在温度传感器(14)损坏时执行紧急情况运行模式，在紧急情况运行模式中仅允许以限定的功率、限定的转矩和/或在限定的时间段内运行电机(4)，其特征在于，电机(4)在从正常运行模式切换至紧急情况运行模式时用于启动内燃机(3)，并且在紧急情况运行模式中在点火开关处于正常运行位置中时阻止关断内燃机(3)。
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CN107074092A (zh) 2017-08-18
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